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Computer - Memory

Computer memory functions similarly to the human brain, storing data and instructions for processing. It is categorized into three types: Cache Memory, Primary Memory (Main Memory), and Secondary Memory, each with distinct characteristics and uses. Cache memory is fast and temporary, primary memory is volatile and essential for current operations, while secondary memory is non-volatile and used for permanent data storage.

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7 views3 pages

Computer - Memory

Computer memory functions similarly to the human brain, storing data and instructions for processing. It is categorized into three types: Cache Memory, Primary Memory (Main Memory), and Secondary Memory, each with distinct characteristics and uses. Cache memory is fast and temporary, primary memory is volatile and essential for current operations, while secondary memory is non-volatile and used for permanent data storage.

Uploaded by

ajoy9612das
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer - Memory

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions.
Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data is to be
processed and instructions required for processing are stored. The memory is divided
into large number of small parts called cells. Each location or cell has a unique
address, which varies from zero to memory size minus one. For example, if the
computer has 64k words, then this memory unit has 64 * 1024 = 65536 memory
locations. The address of these locations varies from 0 to 65535.

Memory is primarily of three types −

Cache Memory
Primary Memory/Main Memory

Secondary Memory

Cache Memory
Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the
CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold
those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU. The
parts of data and programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the
operating system, from where the CPU can access them.
Advantages

The advantages of cache memory are as follows −

Cache memory is faster than main memory.

It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.


It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time.
It stores data for temporary use.

Disadvantages

The disadvantages of cache memory are as follows −

Cache memory has limited capacity.


It is very expensive.

Primary Memory (Main Memory)


Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is
currently working. It has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched
off. It is generally made up of semiconductor device. These memories are not as fast
as registers. The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main
memory. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

Characteristics of Main Memory

These are semiconductor memories.


It is known as the main memory.

Usually volatile memory.


Data is lost in case power is switched off.

It is the working memory of the computer.

Faster than secondary memories.


A computer cannot run without the primary memory.

Secondary Memory
This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower
than the main memory. These are used for storing data/information permanently.
CPU directly does not access these memories, instead they are accessed via input-
output routines. The contents of secondary memories are first transferred to the
main memory, and then the CPU can access it. For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD,
etc.

Characteristics of Secondary Memory

These are magnetic and optical memories.

It is known as the backup memory.


It is a non-volatile memory.
Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.

It is used for storage of data in a computer.


Computer may run without the secondary memory.
Slower than primary memories.

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