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IOT and Applications (3160716)
Academic Year- 2024-25
Assignment – 1

1. List the things that could be in Smart

City. Answer:
 Smart Infrastructure
 Smart Transportation & Mobility
 Smart Energy Management
 Smart Water Management
 Smart Healthcare
 Smart Governance & Public Services
 Smart Environment & Sustainability

2. List the things that could be in Precision Agriculture (Smart

Farming). Answer:
 Smart Crop Monitoring & Management
 Smart Livestock Management
 Smart Irrigation & Water Management
 Smart Farm Equipment & Automation
 Smart Supply Chain & Logistics
 Smart Pest & Disease Control
 Smart Weather & Environmental Monitoring

3. List the things that could be in Health

care. Answer:
 Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM)
 Smart Hospital Management
 Telemedicine & Virtual Healthcare
 Smart Medical Devices & Wearables
 Medication Management & Smart Pharmacies
 Smart Emergency & Ambulance Services

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4. List the things that could be in Traffic
Management. Answer:
 Smart Traffic Control Systems
 Intelligent Vehicle Management
 Smart Parking Solutions
 Public Transportation Optimization
 Air Quality & Pollution Monitoring
 Smart Road Infrastructure

5. List the things that could be in Smart Home.

Answer:
 Smart Security & Surveillance
 Smart Lighting & Energy Management
 Smart Appliances & Devices
 Smart Climate Control
 Smart Entertainment & Connectivity
 Smart Water Management

6. Study various sensors and its application in real

world. Answer:

1) Temperature Sensors

Function: Measures temperature variations in an environment.

Types: Thermistors, Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs), Infrared (IR) Sensors

Applications:

 Smart Homes: Thermostats (Nest, Ecobee) for climate control

 Agriculture: Soil temperature monitoring for better crop yield
 Healthcare: Body temperature tracking in smart wearables
 Industrial: Machine temperature monitoring for preventive maintenance

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2) Humidity Sensors

Function: Measures moisture levels in the air.

Types: Capacitive, Resistive, Thermal Humidity Sensors

Applications:

 Smart Greenhouses: Optimal irrigation and crop health monitoring

 Smart Homes: Air quality and comfort monitoring in HVAC systems
 Healthcare: Monitoring humidity levels for asthma patients
 Food Storage: Prevents spoilage by maintaining proper humidity

3) Motion Sensors

Function: Detects movement in an area.

Types: Passive Infrared (PIR), Ultrasonic, Microwave Motion Sensors

Applications:

 Smart Security: Intrusion detection in smart homes and offices

 Smart Lighting: Automated lighting in buildings and public spaces
 Healthcare: Patient fall detection in hospitals
 Automotive: Airbag activation in vehicles

4) Proximity Sensors

Function: Detects the presence of an object without physical contact. Types:

Capacitive, Inductive, Ultrasonic Sensors

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Applications:

 Automotive: Parking assistance and collision avoidance in cars

 Retail: Automated checkout and touchless payments
 Manufacturing: Object detection in automated assembly lines
 Smartphones: Screen auto-lock when near the ear

5) Pressure Sensors

Function: Measures pressure in gases or liquids.

Types: Piezoresistive, Capacitive, Optical Sensors

Applications:
 Healthcare: Blood pressure monitoring devices
 Automotive: Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS)
 Industrial: Hydraulic pressure monitoring in machinery
 Smart Homes: Leak detection in plumbing systems

6) Gas Sensors

Function: Detects harmful gases and air pollutants.

Types: Electrochemical, Infrared, Semiconductor Sensors

Applications:

 Smart Cities: Air pollution monitoring systems

 Industrial Safety: Detecting gas leaks in factories
 Smart Homes: CO2 and smoke detection for fire prevention
 Healthcare: Breath analysis for disease diagnosis

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7) Light Sensors

Function: Detects ambient light intensity.

Types: Photodiodes, Phototransistors, LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors)

Applications:

 Smart Streetlights: Automated brightness adjustment

 Smartphones: Adaptive brightness settings
 Agriculture: Light optimization for plant growth in greenhouses
 Retail: Interactive advertising displays based on light levels

8) Water Quality Sensors

Function: Measures parameters like pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen.

Types: pH Sensors, Turbidity Sensors, Conductivity Sensors

Applications:

 Smart Water Management: Real-time water contamination detection

 Agriculture: Monitoring water quality for irrigation
 Industrial: Wastewater treatment monitoring
 Smart Cities: Public water supply safety monitoring

9) Accelerometers & Gyroscopes

Function: Measures acceleration and angular motion.

Types: MEMS-based Accelerometers and Gyroscopes

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Applications:

 Wearables: Step counting and activity tracking in fitness bands

 Automotive: Stability control and crash detection
 Smartphones: Screen rotation and motion-based gaming
 Robotics: Navigation in drones and robots

10) Biometric Sensors

Function: Captures biological characteristics for authentication.

Types: Fingerprint, Facial Recognition, Heart Rate, ECG Sensors

Applications:
 Smartphones: Fingerprint unlocking and face recognition
 Healthcare: ECG and heart rate monitoring in wearables
 Smart Homes: Biometric door locks for security
 Banking: Secure transactions via fingerprint or facial authentication

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