Java catch multiple exceptions
Java Multi catch block
If you have to perform different tasks at the occurrence of different Exceptions, use java multi catch block.
Let's see a simple example of java multi-catch block.
1. public class TestMultipleCatchBlock{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. int a[]=new int[5];
5. a[5]=30/0;
6. }
7. catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println("task1 is completed");}
8. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println("task 2 completed");}
9. catch(Exception e){System.out.println("common task completed");}
10.
11. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
12. }
13. }
Test it Now
Output:task1 completed
rest of the code...
Rule: At a time only one Exception is occured and at a time only one catch block is executed.
Rule: All catch blocks must be ordered from most specific to most general i.e. catch for ArithmeticException must
come before catch for Exception .
1. class TestMultipleCatchBlock1{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. int a[]=new int[5];
5. a[5]=30/0;
6. }
7. catch(Exception e){System.out.println("common task completed");}
8. catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println("task1 is completed");}
9. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println("task 2 completed");}
10. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
11. }
12. }
Test it Now
Output:
Compile-time error
Java finally block
Java finally block is a block that is used to execute important code such as closing connection, stream etc.
Java finally block is always executed whether exception is handled or not.
Java finally block must be followed by try or catch block.
Note: If you don't handle exception, before terminating the program, JVM executes finally block(if any).
Why use java finally
o Finally block in java can be used to put "cleanup" code such as closing a file, closing connection etc.
Usage of Java finally
Let's see the different cases where java finally block can be used.
Case 1
Let's see the java finally example where exception doesn't occur.
1. class TestFinallyBlock{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. int data=25/5;
5. System.out.println(data);
6. }
7. catch(NullPointerException e){System.out.println(e);}
8. finally{System.out.println("finally block is always executed");}
9. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
10. }
11. }
Test it Now
Output:5
finally block is always executed
rest of the code...
Case 2
Let's see the java finally example where exception occurs and not handled.
1. class TestFinallyBlock1{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. int data=25/0;
5. System.out.println(data);
6. }
7. catch(NullPointerException e){System.out.println(e);}
8. finally{System.out.println("finally block is always executed");}
9. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
10. }
11. }
Test it Now
Output:finally block is always executed
Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ by zero
Case 3
Let's see the java finally example where exception occurs and handled.
1. public class TestFinallyBlock2{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. int data=25/0;
5. System.out.println(data);
6. }
7. catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);}
8. finally{System.out.println("finally block is always executed");}
9. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
10. }
11. }
Test it Now
Output:Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ by zero
finally block is always executed
rest of the code...
Java throw exception
Java throw keyword
The Java throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception.
We can throw either checked or uncheked exception in java by throw keyword. The throw keyword is mainly used to throw
custom exception. We will see custom exceptions later.
The syntax of java throw keyword is given below.
1. throw exception;
Let's see the example of throw IOException.
1. throw new IOException("sorry device error);
java throw keyword example
In this example, we have created the validate method that takes integer value as a parameter. If the age is less than 18, we are
throwing the ArithmeticException otherwise print a message welcome to vote.
1. public class TestThrow1{
2. static void validate(int age){
3. if(age<18)
4. throw new ArithmeticException("not valid");
5. else
6. System.out.println("welcome to vote");
7. }
8. public static void main(String args[]){
9. validate(13);
10. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
11. }
12. }
Test it Now
Output:
Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:not valid
Java throws keyword
The Java throws keyword is used to declare an exception. It gives an information to the programmer that there may occur an
exception so it is better for the programmer to provide the exception handling code so that normal flow can be maintained.
Exception Handling is mainly used to handle the checked exceptions. If there occurs any unchecked exception such as
NullPointerException, it is programmers fault that he is not performing check up before the code being used.
Syntax of java throws
1. return_type method_name() throws exception_class_name{
2. //method code
3. }
Which exception should be declared
Ans) checked exception only, because:
unchecked Exception: under your control so correct your code.
error: beyond your control e.g. you are unable to do anything if there occurs VirtualMachineError or
StackOverflowError.
Advantage of Java throws keyword
Now Checked Exception can be propagated (forwarded in call stack).
It provides information to the caller of the method about the exception.
Java throws example
Let's see the example of java throws clause which describes that checked exceptions can be propagated by throws keyword.
1. import java.io.IOException;
2. class Testthrows1{
3. void m()throws IOException{
4. throw new IOException("device error");//checked exception
5. }
6. void n()throws IOException{
7. m();
8. }
9. void p(){
10. try{
11. n();
12. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println("exception handled");}
13. }
14. public static void main(String args[]){
15. Testthrows1 obj=new Testthrows1();
16. obj.p();
17. System.out.println("normal flow...");
18. }
19. }
Test it Now
Output:
exception handled
normal flow...
Rule: If you are calling a method that declares an exception, you must either caught or declare the exception.
There are two cases:
1. Case1:You caught the exception i.e. handle the exception using try/catch.
2. Case2:You declare the exception i.e. specifying throws with the method.
Case1: You handle the exception
In case you handle the exception, the code will be executed fine whether exception occurs during the program or not.
1. import java.io.*;
2. class M{
3. void method()throws IOException{
4. throw new IOException("device error");
5. }
6. }
7. public class Testthrows2{
8. public static void main(String args[]){
9. try{
10. M m=new M();
11. m.method();
12. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println("exception handled");}
13.
14. System.out.println("normal flow...");
15. }
16. }
Test it Now
Output:exception handled
normal flow...
Case2: You declare the exception
A)In case you declare the exception, if exception does not occur, the code will be executed fine.
B)In case you declare the exception if exception occures, an exception will be thrown at runtime because throws does
not handle the exception.
A)Program if exception does not occur
1. import java.io.*;
2. class M{
3. void method()throws IOException{
4. System.out.println("device operation performed");
5. }
6. }
7. class Testthrows3{
8. public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{//declare exception
9. M m=new M();
10. m.method();
11.
12. System.out.println("normal flow...");
13. }
14. }
Test it Now
Output:device operation performed
normal flow...
B)Program if exception occurs
1. import java.io.*;
2. class M{
3. void method()throws IOException{
4. throw new IOException("device error");
5. }
6. }
7. class Testthrows4{
8. public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{//declare exception
9. M m=new M();
10. m.method();
11.
12. System.out.println("normal flow...");
13. }
14. }
Test it Now
Output:Runtime Exception
Difference between throw and throws
Click me for details
Que) Can we rethrow an exception?
Yes, by throwing same exception in catch block.
Difference between throw and throws in Java
There are many differences between throw and throws keywords. A list of differences between throw and throws are given
below:
No. throw throws
1) Java throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an Java throws keyword is used to declare an
exception. exception.
2) Checked exception cannot be propagated using Checked exception can be propagated with throws.
throw only.
3) Throw is followed by an instance. Throws is followed by class.
4) Throw is used within the method. Throws is used with the method signature.
5) You cannot throw multiple exceptions. You can declare multiple exceptions e.g.
public void method()throws
IOException,SQLException.
Java throw example
1. void m(){
2. throw new ArithmeticException("sorry");
3. }
Java throws example
1. void m()throws ArithmeticException{
2. //method code
3. }
Java throw and throws example
1. void m()throws ArithmeticException{
2. throw new ArithmeticException("sorry");
3. }
Difference between final, finally and finalize
There are many differences between final, finally and finalize. A list of differences between final, finally and finalize are given
below:
No. final finally finalize
1) Final is used to apply restrictions on class, Finally is used to place Finalize is used to
method and variable. Final class can't be important code, it will be perform clean up
inherited, final method can't be overridden executed whether processing just before
and final variable value can't be changed. exception is handled or object is garbage
not. collected.
2) Final is a keyword. Finally is a block. Finalize is a method.
Java final example
1. class FinalExample{
2. public static void main(String[] args){
3. final int x=100;
4. x=200;//Compile Time Error
5. }}
Java finally example
1. class FinallyExample{
2. public static void main(String[] args){
3. try{
4. int x=300;
5. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
6. finally{System.out.println("finally block is executed");}
7. }}
Java finalize example
1. class FinalizeExample{
2. public void finalize(){System.out.println("finalize called");}
3. public static void main(String[] args){
4. FinalizeExample f1=new FinalizeExample();
5. FinalizeExample f2=new FinalizeExample();
6. f1=null;
7. f2=null;
8. System.gc();
9. }}
