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Conformal Mapping

Conformal mapping is a transformation of complex variables that preserves angles between intersecting curves, requiring the function to be analytic with a non-zero derivative. It has applications in fluid dynamics and electrostatics, simplifying complex geometries for problem-solving. While it maintains angle properties, it does not preserve lengths or areas, and its extension to higher dimensions presents challenges.

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21 views11 pages

Conformal Mapping

Conformal mapping is a transformation of complex variables that preserves angles between intersecting curves, requiring the function to be analytic with a non-zero derivative. It has applications in fluid dynamics and electrostatics, simplifying complex geometries for problem-solving. While it maintains angle properties, it does not preserve lengths or areas, and its extension to higher dimensions presents challenges.

Uploaded by

daniruddha003
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONFORMAL MAPPING

Name: Aniruddha Das


Roll no: 3500324048
Dept: ECE
Sem: 2nd
Year 1st
Session: 2024-2025
Introduction to Conformal Mapping

• Definition: Conformal mapping refers to a transformation w=f(z) where z is a


complex variable. This mapping preserves the angles between intersecting curves
at each point in the complex plane.
• Analytic Functions: For a function f(z) to be conformal, it must be analytic
(holomorphic) in a domain and have a non-zero derivative at that point. This
ensures that the mapping maintains the local structure of angles.
• Local Property: Conformality is a local property; it can vary from point to
point within the mapping domain. A mapping can be conformal at some points
while not at others.
• Angle Preservation: The transformation preserves both the magnitude and
orientation of angles between curves. If the angles are preserved but their
orientation is reversed, the transformation is termed as isogonal.
• Applications: Conformal mappings are widely used in solving problems related
to fluid dynamics, electrostatics, and other physical phenomena by simplifying
complex geometries into more manageable forms.
Mathematical Definition
Definition of Conformal Mapping:
• A conformal mapping is a function w=f(z) defined on the complex plane that transforms
points while preserving local angles between curves.
Key Characteristics:
• Analytic Function: The function f(z) must be analytic (holomorphic) in a region and have
a non-zero derivative at the point of interest.
• Angle Preservation: If two curves intersect at a point z0 in the z-plane, the angle between
these curves is preserved in both magnitude and orientation at the corresponding
point w0=f(z0)in the w-plane.
Mathematical Expression:
• If curves C1 and C2 intersect at point z0, and their images under the mapping
are C1′and C2′ intersecting at w0, then:
Angle(C1,C2)=Angle(C1′,C2′)
Local Property:
• Conformality is a local property; it can vary from point to point. A mapping can be
conformal at some points while not at others.
Isogonal Mapping:
• If a transformation preserves the magnitude of angles but reverses their orientation, it is
called an isogonal mapping.
Properties of Conformal Maps
• Conformal maps preserve the angles between curves at each point. This means
if two curves intersect at a point in the z-plane, the angle between them
remains unchanged in the w-plane.
• Conformality is a local property; it applies to small neighborhoods around
points. A mapping can be conformal at some points while not at others.
• A function f(z) is conformal at a point if it is analytic (holomorphic) and has a
non-zero derivative at that point. This ensures that the mapping maintains
local structure.
• If a mapping preserves the magnitude of angles but reverses their orientation,
it is termed an isogonal mapping. This distinction is important in various
applications.
• Conformal mappings transform infinitesimal circles into infinitesimal circles,
maintaining their shape locally while potentially altering their size and
position.
• If a function is harmonic (satisfying Laplace's equation), its image under a
conformal map remains harmonic, which is crucial for solving physical
problems related to potential theory.
Examples of Conformal Maps

• Example 1: Exponential Mapping


• Mapping: w=e^z
• Description: This mapping is conformal throughout the entire z-
plane since the derivative (e^z)′= e^z ≠0 for all z.
• Transformation: Lines in the z-plane are transformed into circular
arcs and rays in the ww-plane. For instance, vertical lines become
rays emanating from the origin, while horizontal lines map to circles
centered at the origin.
• Example 2: Quadratic Mapping
• Mapping: w=z^2
• Description: This mapping is not conformal at z0=0 because
the derivative (z^2)′=2z is zero at that point.
• Transformation: The mapping transforms regions of the
complex plane into parabolas in the ww-plane. For example, a
small circle around the origin in the z-plane becomes a
pointed tip at the origin in the ww-plane.
• Example 3: Inverse Mapping
• Mapping: w=1/z
• Description: This mapping is conformal except at z=0.
• Transformation: Circles and lines in the z-plane are
transformed into other circles and lines in the ww-plane,
maintaining angles between them.
• EXAMPLE 4: RIEMANN MAPPING THEOREM
• Statement: Any simply connected domain can be
conformally mapped to the unit disk.
• Application: This theorem allows for complex domains to be
transformed into simpler geometries for easier analysis and
problem-solving.
Applications in Physics and Engineering

• Fluid Dynamics: Used to solve potential flow problems by transforming


complex geometries into simpler ones.
• Electrostatics: Helps in analyzing electric fields around charged objects by
mapping them into simpler configurations.

Limitations of Conformal Mapping

• Not Length-Preserving: While angles are preserved, distances may not be.
• Complexity in Higher Dimensions: Discuss challenges when extending
conformal mapping concepts beyond two dimensions.
Conclusion
By transforming complex geometries into simpler ones, conformal mapping allows us to
solve problems that would otherwise be intractable. The Riemann Mapping Theorem
guarantees that any simply connected domain (excluding the entire complex plane) can be
conformally mapped to the unit disk, a powerful simplification. While angle-preserving,
conformal mappings do not necessarily preserve lengths or areas. Extending conformal
mappings to higher dimensions is complex and requires different approaches. Conformal
mapping provides a beautiful and powerful connection between geometry and complex
analysis, with wide-ranging applications across science and engineering.
THANK YOU

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