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MCQ 1

The document provides an overview of vector analysis, including scalar and cross products, and details various coordinate systems: Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical. It includes definitions, transformations between coordinate systems, and summarizes key concepts such as differential lengths, areas, and volumes. Additionally, it presents a series of questions and answers related to electric fields, divergence, and other vector calculus concepts.

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Onkar Solankar
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43 views26 pages

MCQ 1

The document provides an overview of vector analysis, including scalar and cross products, and details various coordinate systems: Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical. It includes definitions, transformations between coordinate systems, and summarizes key concepts such as differential lengths, areas, and volumes. Additionally, it presents a series of questions and answers related to electric fields, divergence, and other vector calculus concepts.

Uploaded by

Onkar Solankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vector Analysis, Coordinate systems and Transformations

Scalar Product or Dot product of vectors

A = Ax ax + Ay ay + Az az and B = Bx ax + By ay + Bz az

A.B = AB cos θ -----(1)

Where A = magnitude of A , B = magnitude of B

Dot product of unit vectors


Cross Product:
Sin 0 = 0
Cartesian coordinate
• In this system, x = 0 indicates 2 dimensional y - z plane, y =
0 indicates 2 dimensional x - z plane and z = 0 indicates 2
dimensional x - y plane.

• The ranges of (x,y,z) are as follows:


-∞ < x < ∞
-∞ < y < ∞
-∞ < z < ∞
Point is defined by three planes
Summary of Cartesian coordinate system
1 Point in Cartesian system P (x, y , z)
2 Unit Vectors ax, ay, az
3 Differential Lengths dx, dy, dz

4 Differential areas dS  dydza x ( x= constant)

dS  dxdza y ( y= constant)

dS  dxdya z ( z= constant)
5 Differential volume dv = dxdydz

6 Vector differential length dl  dxa x  dya y  dza z
Cylindrical Coordinate System
Cylindrical Coordinates

• Very convenient when dealing with problems having cylindrical


symmetry.
• A point P in cylindrical coordinates is represented as (r, Φ, z) where
– r: is the radius of the cylinder; radial displacement from the z-axis

– Φ: azimuthal angle or the angular displacement from x-axis

– z : vertical displacement z from the origin (as in the


Cartesian system).
Cylindrical coordinates

The range of the variables are


0 ≤ r < ∞, 0 ≤ Φ < 2π , -∞ < z < ∞
Differential lengths dr, rdφ, dz
Summary of cylindrical coordinate system
Cartesian to cylindrical conversion

If Cartesian coordinates are given and cylindrical are to be calculated


use following formula
( i.e. x, y, z are given and find r, φ, z)
Cylindrical to Cartesian conversion

If cylindrical coordinates are given and Cartesian are to be calculated


use following formula
( i.e. r, φ, z are given and find x, y, z )
Vector transformation ( Cartesian and Cylindrical)

Following table of dot products is used for transformations between Cartesian and cylindrical
Spherical coordinate System
Point in spherical system P(r, θ, φ )
Unit vectors in spherical system P(ar, aθ, aφ) )
Differential length :
dr, rdθ, rsinθdφ
Differential areas

Differential length :
dr, rdθ, rsinθdφ
Summary of Spherical coordinate system
Table of dot products between Cartesian and Spherical coordinates
1) Two unit vectors aφ and ax are related as aφ.ax =

a) sin φ b) cos φ c) -sin φ d) -cos φ

2) The length vector in aφ direction of spherical coordinator system is given as ---


a) rsinφdφ b) r2 sinθdθ c) r2 sinφdφ d) rsinθdφ

3) The two unit vectors ar and ay are related as ar.ay =


a) sin θsinφ b) sin θcosφ c) cosθcosφ d) cosθsinφ

4) AXB = BXA , this state is


a) True b) False c) 50% true, 50% false d) none of this

5) Cross product of two vectors A and B indicated by AXB = ___________


a) ABsinθ b) ABsinθan c) ABcosθan d) ABcosθ
6) The value of unit vector is: _______ Divergence - dot product – scalar
a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2 Gradient – cross product - vector

7) Gradient of scalar is -----


a) Not defined b) a vector c) a scalar d) not periodic

8) Divergence of vector is ------


a) Not defined b) a scalar c) a vector d) the same as gradient of vector

9) The unit of permitivity: -----


a) Farad b) Henry c) Farad/m d) Henry/m

10) The permitivity of free space is __________


a) 1 b) ε0 c) >1 d) infinity
11) Electric field inside the shell is _____
a) Zero b) infinite c) unity d) negative

The electric field inside a charged spherical shell is zero because all the charge is
distributed on the surface of the shell and there is no charge enclosed by the shell.

12) an electrostatic field is said to be conservative when _______


a) Divergence of field is equal to zero b) curl of field is equal to zero
C) Curl of field is non zero d) divergence of field is nonzero

13) Divergence of vector flux density is ------


a) Net inflow of flux b) net constant of flux c) net outflow of flux d) none
14) The unit of electric field strength is E is -----
a) Newton/coulomb b) Joules/Coulombs meter c) volt/meter d) all

15) The magnetic field in perfect conductor is -----


a) Uniform b) non zero c) reduced exponentialy d) zero

16) Absolute potential is potential at point with reference to -----


a) Zero b) constant c) infinity d) origin

17) The displacement density D and electric field intensity E are related as --------
a) E = D/ε b) E = εD c) E = εD2 d) none of these

18) ∇ 𝑋 ∇ 𝐸 = −−−− −
a) 𝜵 𝜵.E- 𝜵2E b) 𝛻2E - 𝛻 𝛻.E c) 𝛻2.E+ 𝛻E d) 𝛻. E- E. V
19) The direction of electric field due to positive charge is ---
a) Away from charge b) towards the charge c) both a and b d) none

20) In an electric field test charge has ----


a) Zero charge b) charge of magnitude 1 c) 1.6X10-19C d) must be an electron

21) The value of unit vector is ---


a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2

22) The electric field strength of charge


a) Decreases with distance b) decreases with square of distance c) increases with
distance d) increases with square of distance

23) The force between two point charges 120 N. If distance between the charges is
doubled, the force will be ----
a) 60 N b) 30 N c) 40 N d) 15 N
24) Electric field intensity is a ______ quantity.
a) Scalar b) vector c) both a and b d) none of these

25) The electric flux is ----


a) Q b) εE c) εD d) εQ

26) The unit of electric flux is ----


a) Weber b) Gauss c) Tesla d) Coulomb

27) The magnetic field in perfect conductor is -----


a) Uniform b) non uniform c) reduced exponentially d) zero
28) The electric field is irrotational if -----
a) 𝛻.E = 0 b) 𝛻E = 0 c) 𝜵𝑿E = 0 d) 𝛻2E = 0

29) The curl of vector field is ---


a) Scalar b) vector c) both d) unity
30) The unit of electric flux density is ---
a) C/m b) C/m2 c) c/m3 d) Tesla

31) Electric flux ψ is given by the following equation


a) Ψ = ∫ B.ds b) Ψ = ∫ H.dl c) Ψ = ∫ E.dl d) Ψ = ∫ D.ds

32) Current flowing through capacitor is known as ---


a) Conduction current b) convection current c) convention current d) none

33) Divergence operates on ---- and results in ---


a) scalar, vector b) vector, vector c) vector, scalar d) scalar, scalar

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