CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

Chapter 1
Real Numbers

Exercise: 1.1
Question 1: Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of:

Solution:

(i) 135 and 225

225 > 135,

225 = 135 × 1 + 90

Also,

135 = 90 × 1 + 45

90 = 2 × 45 + 0

Therefore, the HCF of 135 and 225 is 45.

(ii) 196 and 38220

38220 > 196,

38220 = 196 × 195 + 0

Therefore, HCF of 196 and 38220 is 196.

(iii) 867 and 255

Since 867 > 255,

867 = 255 × 3 + 102

255 = 102 × 2 + 51

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

102 = 51 × 2 + 0

Therefore, HCF of 867 and 255 is 51.

Question 2: Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6q + 1, or 6q + 3, or 6q + 5,

where q is some integer.

Solution:

By Euclid’s algorithm,

a = 6q + r, and r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Hence, a = 6q or 6q + 1 or 6q + 2 or 6q + 3 or 6q + 4 or 6q + 5

`Clearly, 6q + 1, 6q + 3, 6q + 5 are of the form 2k + 1, where k is an integer.

Therefore, 6q + 1, 6q + 3, 6q + 5 are not exactly divisible by 2.

Hence, these numbers are odd numbers.

Question 3: An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32

members in a parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is
the maximum number of columns in which they can march?

Solution:

Euclid’s algorithm

616 = 32 × 19 + 8

32 = 8 × 4 + 0

The HCF (616, 32) is 8.

Therefore, they can march in 8 columns each.

Question 4: Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is
either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m

Solution:

a = 3q + r, r = 0, 1, 2
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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

Therefore, a = 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2

Hence, it can be said that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m +1.

Question 5: Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the cube of any positive integer is of
the form 9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 8

Solution:

a = 3q + r, 0 ≤ r < 3

a  3q,3q  1,3q  2

There are three cases.

Case 1: When a = 3q,

a 3   3q   27 q 3  9  3q 3   9m
3

Case 2: When a = 3q + 1,

a3 = (3q +1)3

a3 = 27q3 + 27q2 + 9q + 1

a3 = 9(3q3 + 3q2 + q) + 1

a3 = 9m + 1

Case 3: When a = 3q + 2,

a3 = (3q +2)3

a3 = 27q3 + 54q2 + 36q + 8

a3 = 9(3q3 + 6q2 + 4q) + 8

a3 = 9m + 8

Therefore, the cube of any positive integer is of the form 9m, 9m + 1, or 9m + 8.

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

Exercise: 1.2
Question 1: Express each number as a product of its prime factors:

Solution:

(i ) 140  22  5  7
(ii ) 156  23  7
(iii ) 3825  32  52  17
(iv) 5005  5  7  11 13
(v) 7429  17  19  23

Question 2: Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and veriry that LCM x
HCF = product of the two numbers.

Solution:

(i) 26 and 91

26  2  13
91  7  13
HCF  13
LCM  14  13  182
Product of two numbers  26  91  2366
HCF  LCM  13  182  2366
Hence, it is verified.

(ii) 510 and 92

510  2  3  5  17
92  2  2  23
HCF  2
LCM  4  15  17  23  23460
Product of two numbers  510  92  46920
HCF  LCM  2  23460  46920
Hence, it is verified.

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

(iii) 336 and 54

336  2  2  2  2  3  7
54  2  3  3  3
HCF  6
LCM  8  81 7  3024
Product of two numbers  336  54  18144
HCF  LCM  6  3024  18144
Hence, it is verified.

Question 3: Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime
factorisation method.

Solution:

(i) 12,15 and 21

12  2  2  3
15  3  5
21  3  7
HCF  3
LCM  4  15  7  420

(ii) 17,23 and 29

17  17 1
23  23 1
29  29 1
HCF  1
LCM  17  23  29  11339

(iii) 8,9 and 25

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

8  2 2 2
9  3 3
25  5  5
HCF  1
LCM  8  9  25  1800

Question 4: Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).

Solution:

306  2  3  3 17
657  3  3  73
HCF  9
LCM  9  34  73  22338

Question 5: Check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n

Solution:

Prime factorisation of 6n = (2 x3)”

It can be observed that 5 is not in the prime factorisation of 6n
Hence, for any value of n, 6n will not be divisible by 5.

Exercise: 1.3
Question 1: Prove that 5 is irrational

Solution:

Let a  5k

 5k   5b 2
2

b 2  5b 2

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

Thus, a and b have 5 as a common factor.

Hence, 5 is a irrational no.

Question 2: Prove that 3  2 5 is irrational

Solution:

Let 3+2 5 is a rational number.

Thus,
a
3+2 5 
b
1a 
5    3
2b 

1a 
  3  is rational
2b 
Hence, 3+2 5 is a irrational no.

Question 3: Prove that the following are irrational:

Solution:

1
(i)
2

1
Let irrational number.
2
Thus,
1 a

2 b

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

b
2
a

b
is rational
a
1
Hence, is a irrational no.
2

(ii) 7 5

Let 7 5 irrational number.

Thus,
a
7 5
b
a
5
7b

a
is rational
7b
Hence, 7 5 is a irrational no.

(iii) 6 2

Let 6  2 irrational number.

Thus,
a
6 2 
b
a
2  6
b

a 
  6  is rational
b 
Hence, 6  2 is a irrational no.

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

Exercise: 1.4

Question 1: Without actually performing the long division, state whether the following
rational numbers will have a terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating repeating
decimal expansion:

Solution:

(i)

13
3125
3125  55
The denominator is in the form 5n .
Thus, decimal expression is terminating

(ii)

17
8
8  23
The denominator is in the form 2n .
Thus, decimal expression is terminating

(iii)

64
455
455  5  7  13
Thus, decimal expression is non-terminating

(iv)

15
1600
1600  2  2  2  2  2  2  5  5
The denominator is in the form 2n  5n.
Thus, decimal expression is terminating

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

(v)

29
343
343  7  7  7
The denominator is in the form 7n .
Thus, decimal expression is non-terminating repeating

(vi)

23
23  5 2
The denominator is in the form 2 n  5n
Thus, decimal expression is terminating

(vii)

129
2  57  75
2

The denominator is in the form 2n  5m  7 p

Thus, decimal expression is non-terminating repeating

(viii)

6 2

15 5
The denominator is in the form 5n
Thus, decimal expression is terminating

(ix)

35 7

50 10
The denominator is in the form 2 m  5n
Thus, decimal expression is terminating

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

(x)

77 11

210 30
30  2  3  5
The denominator is in the form 2m  5n  3 p
Thus, decimal expression is non-terminating repeating

Question 2: Write down the decimal expansions of those rational numbers in Question 1
above which have terminating decimal expansions.

Solution:

13
(i)  0.00416
3125

17
(ii)  2.125
8

15
(iv)  0.009375
1600

23
(vi)  0.115
200

6
(viii)  0.4
15

35
(ix)  0.7
50

Question 3: The following real numbers have decimal expansions as given below. In each
p
case, decide whether they are rational or not, If they are rational, and of the form , what
q
can you say about the prime factor of g?

Solution:

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CBSE Class 10th NCERT Solution: Mathematics

(i)

43.123456789
q is the form of 2m  5n

(ii)

0.120120012000......
The decimal expresion is neither terminating nor recurring

(iii)

43.123456789
The decimal expression is non terminating recuring

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