Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES LAOANG

LABORATORY HIGH SCHOOL
Laoang, Northern Samar
School ID: 600079; Email: [email protected]

Subject Mathematics LAS No. 5 Date of Submission March 11, 2025

Teacher Jovilou A. Parane Quarter 3RD Grade Level Grade 7
Student

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA

Once data has been collected, it is sometimes a good idea to present the data graphically for
clearer to understand. Most people find ‘pictures’ much more helpful than ‘numbers’ in the sense
that, in their opinion, they present data more meaningfully.

School Bubble Sports Skills Training

Mr. Norman Padilla, the school’s sports coordinator, needs to know what sports he will
propose to the principal for the School Bubble Sports Skills Training. He conducted a survey to
collect the data and ask the students to answer the online questionnaire posted in the school page.

The result of the online survey shows as follows:

Sports Number of Students
Athletics 45
Badminton 50
Basketball 25
Chess 10
Gymnastics 18
Soccer 30
Total 178

What do you think is the best graphical presentation of his data and why?

Graph is a diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of two
variables, each measured along one of a pair of axes at right angles. Graphs are a great way to
visualize data and display statistics. They highlight the salient features of the data. They can show
relationships that are not obvious from studying a list of numbers. They can also provide a
convenient way to compare different sets of data.

DIFFERENT GRAPHS USED IN STATISTICS

BAR GRAPH
A bar graph is a visual tool that uses bars to compare data among categories. A bar graph
may run horizontally or vertically. The important thing to know is that the longer the bar, the greater
its value. Bar graphs consist of two axes.
Used to:
- compare data at a particular time
- show increase or decrease in values
- for displaying data that is classified into nominal or ordinal categories.
 Steps in constructing a bar graph.
1. Draw two perpendicular lines intersecting each other at a point O.
2. Choose a suitable scale to determine the height of each bar.
3. On the horizontal line, draw the bars at equal width with corresponding heights of
each category.
4. The space between the bars should be equal.

PIE CHART / PIE GRAPH

A pie chart or pie graph is represented by a circle divided into parts. It shows the relationship
among parts as well as the relationship of the part to the whole.
Used to:
- show percentage or proportional data
- compare categorized grouped data or data

Steps in constructing a pie graph

1. Draw a circle of any radius.
2. Draw a horizontal radius.
 3. Starting with the horizontal radius, draw radii, making central angles corresponding to
the values of respective components.

The angle at the center corresponding to the particular observation component is given by
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡
× 360°
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Example. (please refer to the data on the first page) For athletics, the central angle is
45
× 360° = 91.01°
178

Repeat the process for all the components.

4. Now, shade the sectors with different colors to denote various components.
5. Thus, we obtain the required pie chart.
6. To get the percentage of a particular observation component is given by
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡
× 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

The table shows the computed value of the central angle and percentage of each component.
Number of Percentage of Particular
Sports Central Angle
Students (round off to two decimal places) Component
(round off to whole number)
45 45
Athletics 45 × 360° = 91.01° × 100% = 25%
178 178
50 50
Badminton 50 × 360° = 101.12° × 100% = 28%
178 178
25 25
Basketball 25 × 360° = 50.56° × 100% = 14%
178 178
10 10
Chess 10 × 360° = 20.23° × 100% = 6%
178 178
18 18
Gymnastics 18 × 360° = 36.41° × 100% = 10%
178 178
30 30
Soccer 30 × 360° = 60.67° × 100% = 17%
178 178
Total 178

LINE GRAPH
A line graph is a series of data points connected by straight line segments on two axes. Line
graphs are drawn so that the independent data are on the horizontal a-axis (e.g. time) and the
dependent data are on the vertical y-axis. Points are plotted based on the relationship of the
quantities and these points are connected by a line. Line graphs give a quick analysis of data.
Used to:
- show relationship between variable
- show trends and changes of data over a period of time
- compare variables
 Steps in constructing a line graph
1. Find the range in values. There are two sets of values. The month ranges from
January to December and monthly electric consumption ranges from 104 to 148.
2. Determine a scale. Start with the horizontal scale. If you are using graph paper, let 1
unit on the graph paper equal 1 unit of the values you are graphing. Determine
whether the greatest value will fit on the graph. If it doesn't, then change the scale
and try again. Now repeat this process for the vertical scale.
3. Label the graph. Mark each unit across the horizontal scale and along the vertical
scale. Label the marks by the units they represent.
4. Plot the points and connect them.
5. Give the graph a title

HISTOGRAM
A histogram is used to summarize discrete or continuous data. In other words, it provides a
visual interpretation of numerical data by showing the number of data points that fall within a
specified range of values (called “bins”). It is similar to a vertical bar graph. However, a histogram,
unlike a vertical bar graph, shows no gaps between the bars.
Histograms can display a large amount of data and the frequency of the data values.

Used to:
- display the distribution of information or data over a continuous time period
- plot the frequency of variable occurrences in continuous data

Making a Histogram Using a Frequency Distribution Table

1. Draw the horizontal axis. Place the lower value of each interval. The first – class
interval is 0 – 2, followed by 3 – 5 and so on, thus, the interval of each class is 3.
2. Place evenly spaced marks along this line that correspond to the classes.
3. Label the marks so that the scale is clear and name the horizontal axis as the length
of service
4. Draw the vertical axis just to the left of the lowest class.
5. Choose a scale for the vertical axis that will accommodate the class with the highest
frequency.
6. Label the marks so that the scale is clear and name the vertical axis. As the number
of teachers.
7. Construct bars for each class. The height of each bar should correspond to the
frequency of the class at the base of the bar.

Years of Service of Teachers in Nasirib High School

Length of Service Number of Teachers
0–2 2
3–5 4
6–8 5
9 – 11 8
12 – 14 10
15 – 17 12
18 – 20 9
21 – 23 7
24 – 26 5
27 – 29 3
30 – 32 1
 This histogram shows the number of years of service of teachers in Nasirib High School.
The greatest number of teachers is serving 15 – 17 years.

Activity 1: Build Me!

Directions: Using the data in tabular form, construct a statistical graph stated and answer
the questions that follows. Write all your answers of each activity on a one whole sheet of paper.
Not bond paper, not yellow pad, not notebook, ONE WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER ONLY. Print this
activity part and attach your answers.

A.1. Use bar graph to represent the data.

Number of
Club
Students
Performing Arts 24
Visual Arts 12
Culinary 20
Sports 32
Online Gaming 16

Questions:
1. Which interest club preferred most?
2. How many students choose performing art than visual art?
3. How many students are there in all the clubs?
4. What information does the graph provide the reader?

A.2. Pepito, a Grade 7 student, still receives weekly allowance amidst the covid-19 pandemic.
He budgets it as shown in the table. Use pie graph to show how Pepito spends his weekly allowance.

Category Budget
CP prepaid load ₱100
Drinks and Chips ₱120
School Supplies ₱50
Savings ₱20

Questions:
1. What percent of Pepito’s budget is cp prepaid load?
2. By how many percent is the budget for drinks and chips greater than the savings?
3. What is the angle measure of the sector for school supplies?
4. What information can you observe in the graph?
 A.3. In the Municipal Isolation Facility (MIF), the record section keeps the important details of
the persons who are subject for quarantine. One of the former isolated persons have fever during
his stay in the facility but tested negative from covid – 19. Construct a line graph for his temperature
record taken every four hours as shown in the table.

Day 1 Day 2
Time 6am 10am 2pm 6pm 10pm 2am 6am 10am 2pm 6pm
Temp
37.8 38.3 37.9 38.8 39.0 38.0 37.8 38.1 37.5 37.3
(in °C)

Questions:
1. What set of values is found along the horizontal axis? along the vertical axis?
2. In what time was the highest temperature recorded?
3. Between which two periods was the increase in temperature greatest?
4. Between which two periods was the decrease in temperature greatest?

A.4. Make a histogram for the frequency distribution table below.

Frequency Distribution of the Sum of Four 15-Item Tests Result

Questions:
1. How many students got a total of not more than 41 but not lesser than 36?
2. What was the interval in each category in the graph?
3. How many students were involved in the test?
4. In what class interval has the highest frequency?