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Inheritance

Inheritance is a mechanism for creating a new class from an existing class, with the existing class referred to as the base class and the new class as the derived class. The document outlines the advantages of inheritance, including reusability and modularity, and describes various types of inheritance such as single, multiple, and hierarchical inheritance. It also provides several code examples demonstrating the implementation of inheritance in C++.

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9 views5 pages

Inheritance

Inheritance is a mechanism for creating a new class from an existing class, with the existing class referred to as the base class and the new class as the derived class. The document outlines the advantages of inheritance, including reusability and modularity, and describes various types of inheritance such as single, multiple, and hierarchical inheritance. It also provides several code examples demonstrating the implementation of inheritance in C++.

Uploaded by

pikudiptalokdash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inheritance:

The mechanism of deriving a new class from an old class is called inheritance. The
old class is named as base class and the new class is named as derived class.
Person(Base/Parent)->Student(Derived/Child)
{ {
Name, { Name
Address, Address
DOB, DOB
Email Email
} } Coming from Person class
{
Rollno,
CourseName
}
Advantage-
1) Reusability
2) Modularity (Generalization/Specialization)

Types of Inheritance:
1) Single Inheritance
2) Multiple Inheritance
3) Hierarchical Inheritance
4) Multilevel Inheritance
5) Hybrid Inheritance

Specification of defining a child class:


class <derived-className> : <visibility-mode/access specifier> <base-className>
{
members of the derived class
}

Example:
class student : public person
{
char rollno[10];
char coursename[30];
}
Single Inheritance Example:

class B //parent class/base class


{
int a;
public:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};

class D : public B //child class/derived class


{
int c;
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
/* int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
*/ available because of inheritance
};

void B:: set_ab(void){ a=5;b=10;}


int B::get_a(){ return a;}
void B::show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}

void D::mul(){ c=b*get_a();}


void D::display(){ cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}
int main()
{
D d;
d.set_ab();// possible because of inheritance
d.mul();
d.display();

d.b=20; //possible because of inheritance and public member becomes public in


derived class in public inheritance
d.mul();
d.display();

return 0;
}

Example 2:

class B //parent class/base class


{
int a;
public:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};

class D : private B //child class/derived class


{
int c;
/* int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
*/ available because of inheritance
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
};

void B:: set_ab(void){ a=5;b=10;}


int B::get_a(){ return a;}
void B::show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}

void D::mul(){ set_ab(); c=b*get_a();}


void D::display(){ cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}
int main()
{
D d;
//d.set_ab();// through error
d.mul();
d.display();

return 0;
}

Example 3: Base class without protected member behaves similar to private


derivation

class B //parent class/base class


{
int a;
public:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};

class D : protected B //child class/derived class


{
int c;
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
/* protected:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
*/ available because of inheritance
};

void B:: set_ab(void){ a=5;b=10;}


int B::get_a(){ return a;}
void B::show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}

void D::mul(){ set_ab(); c=b*get_a();}


void D::display(){ cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}
int main()
{
D d;
//d.set_ab();// through error
d.mul();
d.display();

return 0;
}

private:
1) It can be accessed inside the class only.
2) It doesn't take part in inheritance.
protected:
1) It can be accessed inside the class only.
2) Takes part in inheritance.
Example 4: Base class with protected member protected derivation

class B //parent class/base class


{
int a;
protected:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};

class D : protected B //child class/derived class


{
int c;
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
/* protected:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
*/ available because of inheritance
};

void B:: set_ab(void){ a=5;b=10;}


int B::get_a(){ return a;}
void B::show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}

void D::mul(){ set_ab(); c=b*get_a();}


void D::display(){ cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}
int main()
{
D d;
//d.set_ab();// through error
d.mul();
d.display();

return 0;
}

Example 5: Base class with protected member in private derivation

class B //parent class/base class


{
int a;
protected:
int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
};

class D : private B //child class/derived class


{
int c;
/* int b;
void set_ab();
int get_a(void);
void show_a(void);
*/ available because of inheritance
public:
void mul(void);
void display(void);
};

void B:: set_ab(void){ a=5;b=10;}


int B::get_a(){ return a;}
void B::show_a(){ cout<<"a="<<a<<"\n";}

void D::mul(){ set_ab(); c=b*get_a();}


void D::display(){ cout<<"a="<<get_a()<<"\n"; cout<<"b="<<b<<"\n";
cout<<"c="<<c<<"\n\n";}
int main()
{
D d;
//d.set_ab();// through error
d.mul();
d.display();

return 0;
}

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