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Binocular Vision and 3D Perception

Binocular vision allows the two eyes to capture slightly different images due to their horizontal separation, creating retinal images with binocular disparity. The brain processes these images, identifies corresponding points, and calculates depth based on the disparity before fusing them into a single 3D perception known as stereopsis. Additionally, the brain utilizes other depth cues to enhance overall depth perception.

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Ah Naweed Najeeb Sakha
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12 views2 pages

Binocular Vision and 3D Perception

Binocular vision allows the two eyes to capture slightly different images due to their horizontal separation, creating retinal images with binocular disparity. The brain processes these images, identifies corresponding points, and calculates depth based on the disparity before fusing them into a single 3D perception known as stereopsis. Additionally, the brain utilizes other depth cues to enhance overall depth perception.

Uploaded by

Ah Naweed Najeeb Sakha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How Binocular Vision Creates 3D Perception (Stereopsis)

Goal

To understand how your two eyes (binocular vision) create one unified 3D image in the brain.

Step 1: Two Eyes = Two Slightly Different Views

Your eyes are horizontally separated by about 6 cm. So, each eye looks at the world from a slightly different

angle. These different views are called retinal images.

Step 2: Light Enters Each Eye and Forms Two Retinal Images

Light from the same object enters both eyes, forming an image on each retina. Due to the different

viewpoints, each retina captures the object at a slightly different horizontal position. This difference is called

binocular disparity.

Step 3: The Brain Receives Two Different Images

Each retina sends its image to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe through the optic nerves. These images

stay separate at first.

Step 4: Corresponding Points and Disparity Matching

The brain identifies corresponding points in both images (like the tip of a pencil) and measures the horizontal

difference (disparity) between these points.

Step 5: Depth Is Calculated from Disparity

Greater disparity means the object is closer. Smaller disparity means it's farther. No disparity means it's at

the same distance as where your eyes are focused.

Step 6: Fusion into One Image with Depth (Stereopsis)

The brain fuses the two 2D images into one 3D perception. This is called binocular fusion. The result is

stereopsis: 3D vision with depth.


How Binocular Vision Creates 3D Perception (Stereopsis)

Step 7: Coordination of the Eyes (Vergence)

To see a single 3D image, both eyes must point at the same object. This movement is called vergence:

convergence for near objects, divergence for distant ones.

Step 8: Brain Uses Additional Depth Cues

Besides stereopsis, the brain uses other cues like motion parallax, shadows, texture, and size to enhance

depth perception.

Summary

Each eye sees a different picture. The brain compares them. The difference tells the brain how far away

things are. The brain combines them into one image with depth = 3D vision.

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