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C Language Short Notes

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed in 1972, known for its speed and efficiency. Key features include low-level memory access, portable code, and a rich library, with a typical program structure consisting of preprocessor commands, a main function, variable declarations, and logic statements. C is widely used in system programming, embedded systems, and operating system development.

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170 views5 pages

C Language Short Notes

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed in 1972, known for its speed and efficiency. Key features include low-level memory access, portable code, and a rich library, with a typical program structure consisting of preprocessor commands, a main function, variable declarations, and logic statements. C is widely used in system programming, embedded systems, and operating system development.

Uploaded by

yashoratraders01
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C Language - Short Notes (With Full Experience)

1. Introduction to C

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. It is known

for its speed, efficiency, and close-to-hardware capabilities. It is widely used in system programming,

embedded systems, and operating system development.

2. Features of C

- Fast and Efficient

- Low-level Access to Memory (Pointers)

- Procedural Language

- Portable Code

- Rich Library

- Compiler-Based

3. Structure of a C Program

1. Preprocessor Commands: #include <stdio.h>

2. main() Function: Starting point of the program

3. Variable Declaration

4. Logic / Statements

5. Return Statement

Example:
C Language - Short Notes (With Full Experience)

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

printf("Hello, World!");

return 0;

4. Data Types in C

- int: Integer (e.g., 5)

- float: Decimal (e.g., 3.14)

- char: Single character (e.g., 'A')

- double: Large decimal

- void: No return type

5. Variables and Constants

Variables: Containers to store data values.

Example: int age = 21;

Constants: Fixed values that do not change during execution.

Example: const float PI = 3.14;

6. Operators in C
C Language - Short Notes (With Full Experience)

- Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %)

- Relational (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=)

- Logical (&&, ||, !)

- Assignment (=, +=, -=)

7. Control Statements

- if, if-else, nested if

- switch-case

- loops: for, while, do-while

8. Functions

Functions break the code into reusable blocks.

Syntax:

return_type function_name(parameters) {

// code

Example:

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

}
C Language - Short Notes (With Full Experience)

9. Arrays and Strings

Arrays: Collection of similar data items.

Example: int nums[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Strings: Array of characters ending with null character ''.

Example: char name[] = "Yash";

10. Pointers

Pointers store the address of a variable.

Example:

int x = 10;

int *p = &x;

printf("%d", *p); // Output: 10

11. File Handling

Used to store data permanently.

Functions:

- fopen()
C Language - Short Notes (With Full Experience)

- fclose()

- fprintf(), fscanf()

- fread(), fwrite()

12. Use Cases of C

- Operating System Development

- Embedded Systems

- Game Development

- Compiler Design

- Microcontroller Programming

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