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Tutorial 4-5 - Solids 01

This document is a tutorial sheet for a course on Quantum Materials, covering topics such as electron configurations, bond formation, ionic and covalent character, crystal structures, and properties of solids. It includes various problems and questions related to electron theory, calculations of atomic sizes, electric fields, and properties of specific materials like copper and potassium. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of solid-state physics through practical applications and theoretical concepts.

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19 views2 pages

Tutorial 4-5 - Solids 01

This document is a tutorial sheet for a course on Quantum Materials, covering topics such as electron configurations, bond formation, ionic and covalent character, crystal structures, and properties of solids. It includes various problems and questions related to electron theory, calculations of atomic sizes, electric fields, and properties of specific materials like copper and potassium. The tutorial aims to enhance understanding of solid-state physics through practical applications and theoretical concepts.

Uploaded by

ssingh62be24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UES-022 (Quantum Materials)

Department of Physics and Material Science, TIET


Jan-May 2025
Tutorial Sheet 4-5

Introduction to solids & Free electron theory (classical & quantum electron gas)

1. Which of the following electron configurations is for an inert gas?


a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2

2. Potential energy W for the formation of a bond between two univalent ions is given by
W = -(AZ1Z2e2)/r + B/rm. The equilibrium spacing is r0 = 0.25 nm. Find the value of
the constant B, given m = 9.

3. If the attractive force between a pair of Mg2+ and S2- ions is 1.49x10-8 N and if the S2-
ion has a radius of 0.184nm, calculate a value for the ionic radius of Mg2+ ion in nm.

4. Covalent-Metallivity number for Tungsten is 3.86. What is the percentage of metallic


character for it?

5. Compute the percentage of ionic character of the interatomic bonds for the following
compounds: TiO2, ZnTe, CsCl, InSb and MgCl2.
(electronegativities are: Ti:1.8, Te:2.1, Zn:1.6, O:3.5, Cs:0.7, Cl:3.82, In:1.7, Sb:1.9,
Mg:1.2)

6. List the types of bonds present in solids. Categorize them based on:
a) Conduction
b) Directionality
c) Electronegativity

7. Explain (with a drawing) why a base-centered tetragonal lattice is not possible.

8. Which is the most symmetrical and least symmetric crystal structure? Why?

9. Calculate APF for:


a) FCC unit cell.
b) Simple hexagonal unit cell

10. Cu (At mass = 63.546 g/mole, Density = 8.96 g/cm3) has FCC structure. Determine its
atomic size.

11. What is the applied electric field that will impose a drift velocity equal to 0.10% of the
mean speed, u = 1.2 X 106 m/s, of the conduction electrons in copper. The drift
mobility of the electron is 32 cm2/Vs.
12. Calculate the number density (Nd, number of atoms/volume) and n (number of valence
electrons/volume) for iron. (At. Mass: 56g/mol, density 7.8g/cm3)

13. List 3 main assumptions for the classical theory of electrons in a solid.

14. For a perfect crystal of potassium (At mass = 39.10 g/mole, Density = 0.86 g/cm3) the
relaxation time for electrons is 4.3 x 10-14 s at room temperature. Determine:
i) electron mobility
ii) conductivity

15. Define: Van der Waals Bond, Bond length, tetragonal crystal class, electron
mobility(for solids), electron relaxation time (for solids), Fermi energy, Fermi sphere

16. In Al the Fermi energy of the conduction electron is 5.9 eV. What are the energy,
speed and momentum of the conduction electrons?

17. For a perfect crystal of potassium (At mass = 39.10 g/mole, Density = 0.86 g/cm3)
what is the value of Fermi level (in eV)?

18. Calculate density of states (g(Ef)) for potassium at Fermi level.

19. What is the fermi temperature of Sodium? (Ef = 3.24 eV)

20. Determine the fraction of electrons affected at Room temperature for Na.

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