MAKAUT Questions on Module-4

(Quantum Mechanism)

Multiple choice question:

1. If visible light is used to study the Compton scattering then Compton shift will be a)
Negative
b) more positive than what is observed with X-ray c) zero d) positive but not detectable in the
visible window.
2. The shift in wavelength in Compton effect is equal to Compton wavelength when the
scattering angle is a) zero b) π/2 c) π d) π/4.
3. Number of oscillation modes for electromagnetic standing waves of frequency between ν to
ν+ dν in case of cavity radiation is proportional to a) ν3 b) ν2 c) ν d) ℎ𝑣
ℎ .
𝑒𝑘𝑇
𝝂 −1

4. Emissive power of a black body kept at an absolute temperature T is proportional to a) T2

b)
4
T c) T5 d) T– 1.
5. The de Broglie wavelength of a moving electron subjected to a potential V is a) 1·26 Å/ √V
b) 12·26/√V c) 122·6/√V d) 1226/√V (consider the appropriate units).
6. Davisson-Germer experiment is related with a) Interference b) Thermionic emission c)
Phosphorescence d) Electron diffraction.

7. Which of the following pairs cannot be simultaneously measured? a) px, py b) y, py c) px, z

d) px, pz.

8. The Compton shift ∆λ and Compton wavelength λ c of a particle are equal if the angle of
scattering is a) 0˚ b) 90˚ c) 180˚ d) 45˚.
9. In order to produce X-ray by striking electron beam on metal target the kinetic energy of
the electron should be a) less than one eV b) of the order of eV c) of the order of KeV d) of
the order of GeV.
10. If the kinetic energy of a particle is equal to its rest energy, then a) its mass is equal to its
rest mass b) its mass is double of its rest mass c) its mass is half of its rest mass d) its mass is
√2 times its rest mass.

11. If a wave packet is described by 𝜙 = 𝐴𝑒 (−

𝑥2)
then momentum uncertainty
2𝜎2
is
proportional to a) hσ b) h/σ c) hσ2 d) h/σ2.
12. If visible light is used to study the Compton scattering then Compton shift will be a)
Negative b) more positive than what is observed with X-ray c) zero d) positive but not
detectable in the visible window.
13. The emissive power of a black body kept at absolute temperature T which is very near to
the temperature of surroundings (T0) is proportional to a) (T–T0)4 b) (T–T0) c) T4 d) T2/3.
2 2
14. The relativistic energy momentum relation is a) p2=E2+m0 c2 b) E2=p2+ m0 c4 c)
E2=p2c2
+m02c4 d) p2=E2c2 +m02c4.
15. According to Wien's displacement law a) λmT= constant b) λm/T= constant c) λmT2=
constant d) λm/T2= Constant.
15. An α-particle is 4 times heavier than proton. If a proton and α -particle are moving with
the same velocity, their de-Broglie wavelengths are given by a) λ p=λα b) λp=4λα c) λp=λα/2 d)
λp=λα/4.
16. If we measure the energy of a particle accurately then the uncertainty of the measurement
of time becomes a) 0 b) ∞ c) 1 d) ½.
17. de Broglie wavelength of a particle of mass m and kinetic energy E is a) 𝜆 = ℎ
2𝑚𝐸 b) 𝜆
=
√2𝑚𝐸
c) 𝜆 = d) 𝜆 =
ℎ ℎ.

√2𝑚𝐸 ℎ 2𝑚𝐸𝑣

b) 𝒉𝝂 c) ℎ𝑣 d) ℎ𝜈.
2
ℎ𝑣
18. Mass of a photon of frequencies ν is given by a)
𝑐 𝒄𝟐 𝑐

ℎ
√2𝑚𝑘𝑇 2ℎ
19. The de Broglie wavelength of a thermal neutron is given by a)
𝒉
√3 𝑚𝑘
c)
√𝟑 𝒎𝒌
b)
𝑻 𝑇
2.
ℎ

√3𝑚𝑘𝑇
d)

20. If λr and λnr are the relativistic and nonrelativistic wavelength of an electron respectively,
then a) λr>λnr b) λr<λnr c) λr=λnr d) λr=1/λnr.
21. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is the consequence of a) wave nature of particle b)
wave particle duality c) particle nature of wave d) particle-particle interaction.
22. Compton wavelength is given by 𝜆 =
ℎ
b) 𝜆 = ℎ c) 𝜆 = d) 𝜆 =
𝑚0
𝑚 0 𝐶2
ℎ 𝑘
.
𝑚0𝑐
𝑚0

23. Heisenberg’s position momentum uncertainty relation is given by a) 𝛥𝑥𝛥𝑃𝑥 = ℏ

𝜟𝒙𝜟𝑷 ≥ c) 𝛥𝑥𝛥𝑃 ≤ d) 𝛥𝑥𝛥𝑃 = 1

b) ℏ ℏ

𝒙 𝟐 𝑥 2 𝑥

24. In the limit of high temperature and large wavelength, Planck's law of radiation reduces a)
Rayleigh-Jeans Law b) Wien's displacement Law c) Wien's Law d) Stephan's Law.
25. The maximum energy density of radiations of a blackbody at absolute temperature T=
OK is displaced towards shorter wavelength. This law is known as a) Wien's radiation law b)
Wien's displacement law c) Rayleigh-Jeans law d) Planck's radiation law.
26. Electron are emitted with zero velocity from a metal surface due to incident radiation of
wavelength λ=6800Å. The work function (W) is a) 1.82 eV b) 1.80 eV c) 1 eV d) 182 eV.
27. All the radiation laws can be shown to be special cases of a) Wien's law b) Stefan-
Boltzmann's law c) Rayleigh-Jeans law d) Planck's law.

(a) 𝒉𝝂 (b) 𝐾𝑇 (c)𝐾𝑇(d) ℎ𝑣 .

28. Average energy of an oscillator of frequency  in a cavity at an absolute temperature T is
𝒉𝝂 ℎ𝝂
ℎ
𝒆𝑲𝑻− 𝑒𝐾𝑇+ 1
𝟏 𝑣

29. In order to find internal structure of nucleus, electrons should be accelerated by voltages
up to (a)105 V(b)107 V(c)109 V(d) 1011 V.
30. Which of the following is the characteristic of a black body? a) A perfect absorber but an
imperfect radiator b) A perfect radiator but an imperfect absorber c) A perfect radiator and
a perfect absorber d) A perfect conductor.
31. Rayleigh-Jean’s law holds good for which of the following a) shorter wavelength b)
longer wavelength c) High temperature d) High energy.
32. Which of the following does not affect the photon? a) Magnetic or electric field b) Light
waves c) Gravity d) Current.
33. What is Compton shift? a) Shift in frequency b) Shift in charges c) Shift in radiation d)
Shift in wavelength
34. Compton shift depends on which of the following? a) Incident radiation b) Nature of
scattering substance c) Angle of scattering d) Amplitude of frequency.
35. If a visible light is applied to study the Compton scattering then Compton shift will be a)
negative b) more positive than what is observed in X rays (c) zero (d) maximum.
36. Which of the following is associated with an electron microscope? a) Matter waves b)
Electrical waves c) Magnetic waves d) Electromagnetic waves.
37. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron which has been accelerated from rest
on application of potential of 400volts. a) 0.1653 Å b) 0.5125 Å c) 0.6135 Å d) 0.2514 Å.

Short answer type question:

1. Write down the conservation laws in Compton scattering. Show that in Compton scattering
while the photon can be scattered at any angle between 0° to 180°, the recoil electron can
only be emitted at angles between 0° and 90°.
2. A particle of mass mis constrained to move in one dimension and trapped in an infinite
potential well of width a. Estimate its ground state energy from uncertainty principle. Sketch
a graph of this energy with the width a.
3. Show that the total energy per unit volume of a black body radiation is proportional to the
fourth power of the absolute temperature.
4. X-ray of wavelength 0⋅2Å is scattered by a stationary particle of Compton wavelength of
2⋅43 pm at an angle 45˚. Calculate the wavelength of the scattered ray and the kinetic energy
of the recoiled particle.
5. If a beam of electron is maximally diffracted from a crystal of interplanar separation d, at

𝑣 =
an angle θ then show that the accelerating voltage V for the beam of electron is given by

ℎ
( ) where mand (–e) are the mass and charge of an electron and his Planck's
1 2
2𝑚 2 ⅆ sin 𝜃
𝑒 constant.
6. It is found that the maximum possible kinetic energy of an electron emitted by a
radioactive nucleus of radius m 10-14 is 4 MeV. Then show that the electron did not exist in
the nucleus before the radioactive decay.
7. Deduce Wien's displacement law from Planck's law of black body radiation.
8. A material body can never attain velocities which are equal to or greater than the velocity
of light. Why?
9. Find the expression of energy and direction of recoil electron due to Compton scattering.
10. If an electron is subjected to a potential difference of V volts, then prove that the
corresponding de-Broglie wavelength =12·26 Å/ √V
11. On the average, an exited state of a system remains in the state for 10–11s. What is the
minimum uncertainty in the energy of an excited state?
12. State the position-momentum Heisenberg uncertainty.
13. Deduce Stefan's law from Planck's radiation law.
14. Define Black-Body? Establish Wein's distribution law and Stefan's law from Plank's
black body radiation law.
15. a) What is Compton effect? Calculate the Compton wavelength for an electron b) Why
does the unmodified line appear in Compton scattering?
16. Why Compton effect cannot be observed with visible light but can be observed due to X-
rays?
17. On the average, an exited state of a system remains in the state for 10 -11s. What is the
minimum uncertainty in the energy of an excited state?
18. Assume that an electron is inside a nucleus of radius 10-15 m. Calculate from the
uncertainty principle the minimum kinetic energy of the electron.
19. State Kirchhoff slaw of radiation and prove that good absorbers are good radiators too.
20. Find the expression for energy of a recoil electron in Compton scattering. Explain why a
photon cannot transfer all of its energy to the recoil electron in Compton scattering.
21. Estimate the temperature of the sun, if λm for the sun is 490 nm.
22. Starting from Planck’s radiation law shows that in the high wavelength limit it reduces to
Rayleigh Jeans law.
23. A monochromatic radiation of wavelength 2*1012 m is incident on free stationary
electrons. What is the wavelength of the beam which is scattered directly backwards? What is
the energy gained by the scattered electron? b) An X-ray photon found to have its wavelength
doubled on being scattered through 90˚. Find the wavelength of the incident photon.

Long answer type question:

1. (i) State and explain de Broglie's hypothesis. Show that the relativistic de Broglie
wavelength is given by
ℎ𝑐
𝜆𝛾𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 =
√𝐸𝑘(𝐸𝑘 + 2𝑚0𝐶2)

(The notations used have their usual significance) (ii) Describe an experiment which verified
de Broglie's hypothesis. (iii) Write down the expression of the number of possible modes of
cavity waves of frequency v to v + dv. Using Planck's hypothesis about the energy
quantization of the cavity oscillators find out the average energy of an oscillator at a
temperature T and the energy density within the frequency range v to dv. Explain why the
energy density decreases at very high values of the frequency at a finite temperature.
2. (i)From position-momentum uncertainty get the expression of energy-time uncertainty (iii)
An electron and proton have same de Broglie wavelength. Prove that the energy of the
electron is greater (ii) Why in case of moving electrons quantum mechanics is used while for
moving car we use Newtonian Mechanics? (iii) Explain What is the difference between
paramagnetic and ferromagnetism? (iv) If a beam of electron is diffracted from a crystal of
interplanar spacing d at an θ then show that the acceleration voltage V for the beam of
electron is given by
1
𝑣 =2𝑚 ( ℎ
)
2
𝑒
2 ⅆ sin 𝜃

3. a) State Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. b) Using this principle, prove that a free
electron cannot exist in an atomic nucleus. c) Write down the uncertainty relation for energy
and time
d) show that the group velocity of the wave packet representing a particle is equal to the
velocity of the particle itself f) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a baseball of mass 1 kg
moving at a speed of 10 m/sec. Discuss the reason why its wave nature cannot be observed.
4. (i) A source is emitting 200W of green light of a wavelength 5000Ả. How many photons are
emerging from the source per second? (ii) A cavity is kept at 4000k has a circular aperture of 5.0 mm
diameter. Calculate the power radiated in the visible region (400-700 nm) from the aperture? (iii) A
black body has its cavity of cubical shape. Determine the number of modes of vibration per unit
volume in the wavelength region 4990-5010Ả
5. a) What is the origin of modified and unmodified lines in Compton effect? b) Can you observe
Compton effect if visible light is used instead of X-rays? c) Prove that the maximum recoil energy of
a
2𝑚0𝑐2𝜆2
free electron of rest mass =
𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥
when struck by a photon of wavelength is given by
m0 where
𝜆2+2𝜆𝑐𝜆
�
�

λc is the Compton wavelength of electron. d) Show that in Compton scattering while the photon can be
scattered at any angle between 0˚ to 180˚, the recoil electron can only be emitted at angles between 0˚
and 90˚.
6. a) State and explain de Broglie hypothesis. b) Prove that the product of phase velocity and group
velocity for a de Broglie wave is equal to the square of the velocity of light. c) Compute the smallest
possible uncertainty in the position of an electron moving with velocity 3×10 7 m/s. The rest mass of
electron is 9·1×10-31kg. d) Derive the Wein's displacement law from Planck's radiation law.
7. a) Write down the Planck’s law of frequency distribution of black body radiation b) Show
graphically how the energy density vs. frequency plot of black body radiation is changed if the
temperature is changed. C) Prove that the product of phase velocity and group velocity for a de
Broglie wave is equal to square of the velocity of light d) Why in case of macroscopic bodies
uncertainty principle is not relevant? E) when a particle moves with a velocity much less compared to
the velocity of the light in free space, shown that relativistic expression for KE approaches the
classical limit f) derive Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law of Black body radiation.

8. a) State de Broglie’s hypothesis. Show that the relativistic de Broglie wavelength (λr) is given by
𝐶2)
𝜆𝛾𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑐
𝑡𝑖𝑐 = √𝐸𝑘(𝐸𝑘+2𝑚0
where the notation used have their usual significance b) calculate the de
Broglie wavelength of a particle having temperature T c) describe an experiment which verified de
Broglie hypothesis d) why Compton effect cannot be observed with visible light but can be observed
due to x-rays.
9. a) Derive the Wien's displacement law from Planck's law b) State and explain Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty Principal c) In Compton scattering, the incident photons have wavelength equal to 2.5*10-
10
m. After scattering the photons make an angle of 60˚ with the incident direction. Find the
wavelength of photons after scattering d) The maximum uncertainty in the position of an electron in a
nucleus is2*10-14 m. Find the minimum uncertainty in its momentum, given h=6.63*10-34 J s.

10. i) Band gap of a semiconductor is 0.75eV. Find maximum wavelength of electromagnetic

radiation may be occurring due to transition from its valance band to conduction band ii)
State the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in position-momentum and energy-time form iii)
What is ultraviolet catastrophe? iv) Calculate the Compton wavelength for an electron (rest
mass 9.1×10-31Kg) v) Calculate the minimum uncertainty in position of a particle moving
with velocity 3×107 ms-1 vi) Mention the basic anomalies leading towards the foundation of
quantum theory. Why a single metal crystal is used for studying Compton effect?

10. (i) The mass of the sun is 2*103 kg and its radius 7*108 m and its effective temperature of the
surface is 5700 K. (a) Calculate the mass of the sun lost per second by radiation (b) Calculate the time
necessary for the mass of the sun to diminish by 1%. (ii) What is the Compton wavelength and the
momentum of the electron you estimate from this expression? (iii) Is there any difference between
Compton wavelength and De’ Broglie wavelength, explain.