Midea Temperature Control

Solutions for Data Center—

CDU

MBT
 CONTENTS

Data Center Temperature Solutions Case Applications

Part 1 Part 2
 ART 1
Data Center Temperature Solutions
 Midea's Solutions for Data Center

Water/Liquid System Solutions

Row/Array-level CRAH Room-level CRAH

Chiller Integrated chiller plant Fan wall CDU
(half cabinet, full cabinet) (single, double, multi-module)

Wind System Solutions Fluorine System Solutions

IEC DEC
Indirect evaporative cooling Direct evaporative cooling

Row/Array/Room
-level CRAC

Fluorine pump
out door unit

High efficiency gas-fluorine

DEC with Heat Recovery Fluorine pump AHU
Integrated system
Cold Plate Liquid Cooling System
Water-cooled plate, pipeline, quick connector, splitter, cooling liquid distribution
unit (CDU), and outdoor cooling equipment.

Server chips do not directly contact the cooling liquid, but dissipate heat by directly
contacting the liquid-filled cold plate or by conducting heat to the cold plate
through a heat-conducting component (the cold plate is usually a closed cavity
made of high thermal conductivity metals such as copper and aluminum), and then
the heat is taken away by the circulating liquid inside the cold plate.

The cold plate liquid cooling data center cooling system is mainly composed
of two parts: the outdoor (primary side) and the indoor (secondary side).
The primary side reduces the temperature of the coolant by exchanging
heat with the heat-generating components through the coolant. The
secondary side completes the exchange of heat between the heat-
generating components and the coolant, and the liquid temperature rises to
take away the heat from the components.

During operation, the coolant in the cooling tower outside the data center is
circulated by the indoor cooling distribution unit (CDU) to provide power. The
secondary side of the CDU outputs the heat liquid and directly exchanges heat
with the high-heat electronic components (CPU, GPU, memory, etc.) in the
server through the heat-conducting cold plate. The formed hot liquid is output
to the outdoor cooling tower by the CDU for cooling, thus forming the entire
circulation process. In the cold plate liquid cooling system, devices or units with
lower heat generation such as hard disks and power supplies still use air cooling
for heat dissipation.
 CDU product introduction

Cooling Distribution Units (CDUs) are heat management devices based on liquid cooling technology. CDUs use liquid-to-liquid heat
exchangers to transfer heat from high-power components such as CPUs, VRDs, and GPUs in the secondary side circulating water system
to the primary side circulating water system, and then circulate the heat to the cooling tower through the primary side circulating water
to remove it from the data center. CDU provides secondary side flow distribution, pressure control, and prevents secondary side
condensation.

CDU generally includes a pump, which circulates the coolant through a pipeline or channel network, distributing it to various components
such as servers, processors, or other high-heat components that need to be cooled. CDU can adjust and control the flow rate, temperature,
and flow velocity of the coolant.

Depending on the specific situation, CDU has different functional configurations, such as sensors, monitors, flow control valves, etc. In
addition, CDU can also filter impurities in the coolant, keep the system clean, and prevent damage to other equipment components.

CDU has an intelligent controller with operational logic, automatic diagnosis and troubleshooting, protection and warning functions, as well
as intelligent flow, pressure and temperature control, which can manage system performance to meet peak demand.
Application of CDU products
Primary Secondary
side side

Cooling Rack cold plate

distribution unit
(CDU)

Cooling
Hydraulic
tower
module

Secondary pipeline
 Advantages of using CDU products

High energy utilization rate Safe and stable Flexible deployment

Compared to air-cooled and liquid-cooled Temperature regulation is precise, reducing the risk of hardware Customized design based on actual needs,
heat dissipation, CPLC has better temperature failure caused by high temperatures; flexibly responding to the heat dissipation
regulation and improves energy utilization Filtering the coolant reduces the data center's requirements for requirements of various computing devices.
rate, reducing electricity costs. coolant cleanliness, reducing the risk of corrosion and scaling.

High energy Reduced initial Safe and Silent and Flexible

utilization rate investment environmentally deployment
stable
friendly

Reduced initial investment Silent and environmentally

friendly
High cooling power density, allowing more servers to be Requirements for fanless cooling radiators and
accommodated in each rack. The CDU isolates electronic fans brackets, with lower noise and smaller
equipment from the coolant circuit, allowing users to choose a vibration;
more suitable coolant based on actual needs and cost, thus Utilization of cooling medium circulation
saving a lot of coolant procurement costs. reduces consumption of water source.
Advantages of using CDU products
 CDU product introduction

Machine unit with stylish door

Standard machine

Midea: External cabinet-type CDU suitable for large-scale (recommended for more than 5
cabinets) one-time deployment scenarios.
 CDU product introduction
Power specifications 3PH +PE，380~415V，50/60Hz Voltage range (-15% +10%) frequency range ±3Hz
Operating temperature range +4 ～ +45℃
Operating humidity range 5%～95%RH
Storage temperature range -40 ～ +70℃
Operating environment Storage humidity range 5%～95%RH No condensation
Temperature control accuracy ±1℃
Within the limited altitude, the increased altitude can reduce
Altitude (m) ≤4000m
the available usage
Protection level IP20
Performance 1: 364kW @ Primary side inlet/outlet water temperature:
35/43℃, Secondary side inlet/outlet water temperature: 40/50℃
Cooling capacity (kW) Cooling medium: Primary side: water; Secondary side: water
Performance 2: 455kW @ Primary side inlet/outlet water temperature:
35/43℃, Secondary side inlet/outlet water temperature: 40/50℃
Performance 1: ≥31.2m³/h Secondary side flow rate; Cooling medium: Primary side:
Flow rate (m³/h)
Performance 2: ≥39m³/h water; Secondary side: water
Performance 1: ≤6.7kW
Total power Cooling medium: Primary side: water; Secondary side: water
Performance 2: ≤10.1kW
Performance 1: ≥ 180 kPa Performance 2: ≥ 250 kPa
Available head on secondary side Cooling medium: Primary side: water; Secondary side: water
Primary/Secondary side: compatible with ethylene glycol aqueous solution,
Cooling medium
General technical parameters propylene glycol aqueous solution or water;
Noise (1m)(dBA) < 72dBA (when running at full load)
Primary side filtering accuracy: 50 mesh; Secondary side filtering accuracy:
Filtering level of filter
270 mesh;

Factory cleaning: 1. Water quality requirements after cleaning: conductivity <

10μS/cm , fluctuation < 2us/cm , turbidity < 10NTU , PH=6-8, bacteria <
Whole machine cleaning
1000CFU/ml ; Appearance inspection: colorless and transparent, no visible
impurities; 2. After cleaning, drying is required to ensure no liquid residue;

Maximum system pressure Not less than 10 bar

Design life 24( hours )×365 (days) ×10 (years)
Circulating water pump Centrifugal pump
Heat exchanger Brazed plate heat exchanger
Key components
Expansion tank Capsule type
Water valve Electric ball valve
Function Self-draining function Yes Refilling flow rate ≥1.5L/min
Piping method Downward piping
Type Wiring method Upward wiring
Power supply method Dual power supply
Dimensions H*W* D (mm) ≤ 2250*600*1200 Including casters
Overall dimensions / Weight
Net weight ( kg) ≤ 900
CDU product introduction

CDU CDU Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack RackRack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack

CDUCDU Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack RackRack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack Rack

One of 305kW unit standard usage scenario:

1. A combination of 4 CDUs (3+1 backup) with 35 racks, each rack generating 30kW
of heat.
2. Calculating the simultaneous heat generation of 35 racks at a simultaneous rate
of 70%~90%, the total heat generation is 735kW~945kW.
3. The cooling capacity of 3 CDUs is 915kW (87%).
 Water System-High Efficiency Chiller

Magnetic suspension VFD centrifugal chiller Direct drive VFD centrifugal chiller Gear-drive VFD centrifugal chiller
 Cooling capacity range: 170RT ~ 1800RT  Cooling capacity range: 250RT ~ 2200RT  Cooling capacity range of single head: 500RT ~ 3000RT
 Ultra high energy efficiency: full range of COP/NPLV super  High energy efficiency: COP/NPLV meet the first level of energy  Cooling capacity of double heads series: 4600RT ~ 6000RT
level energy efficiency efficiency
 Magnetic levitation compressor with independent
intellectual property rights

Air cooling VFD screw chiller (free cooling)

 Cooling capacity range: 110RT-430RT

 Direct/indirect free cooling optional

 0.1HZ adjustment, water temperature is

more constant

 4-20 ℃ water outlet temperature , 10 ℃ of

Long-life standby Self-generation large temperature difference

bearings mode

Small pressure ratio compressor for data center scenario, high outlet water temperature of 20 ℃, quick start, 0 temperature difference, AI anti-surge
 Water System-High Efficiency Terminal
MCH 250  Floorless design reduces initial investment by 10%
（250KW）
 15/23 ℃ high water temperature design, high cooling efficiency
 Using magnetic suspension chiller, PUE can be as low as 1.3 (South China)
 12KW/cabinet high-density scheme, supporting flexible capacity expansion
 Customizable products with different cooling capacity

Wind Wall

MCD/U 030-180
RCH 030-065
（30KW-180KW）
（30KW-65KW）

Row level Room level

 High temperature chilled water and fan wall
application scenario

• Flexible adaptation, applicable to small, medium and large data centers;

• Ultra-thin size design, can be applied in narrow installation space;

• Flexible collocation, can be matched with magnetic suspension centrifugal chiller, screw chillers;
 Product characteristics of high temperature
chilled water fan wall

 Floorless design reduces the initial investment in the machine room

by 10%
 18/24 ℃ high temperature water design, high efficiency of water
chiller
 PUE can be as low as 1.2 with magnetic suspension chiller (Foshan)
 12KW/cabinet high-density scheme, supporting flexible capacity
expansion

• Medium and high temperature water, free cooling

time 10% → 28%

• Chiller efficiency 15% ↑

• Modular design, installation time 30% ↓

• Slim body design with covered area 30% ↓

Agricultural and commercial bank data

 Wind System-Multi-Zone Evaporative Cooling

 According to meteorological conditions and installation requirements in different regions, MBT has introduced multi-scenario integrated
solutions such as indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), direct evaporative cooling (DEC) and heat recovery DEC units.

 It has super high applicability in system energy efficiency, delivery mode, modularization and standardization, and MBT have completed the
self-developed key components（compressors and fans, etc.） and the construction of test laboratory.

Hea
t
reco
very Return Air
sect
ion
Exhaust

Heat recovery coil

Dire
ct
fres
h Air Supply
air
sect
ion
Fresh air

Indirect evaporative cooling 260-400 kw Direct evaporative cooling 190-290 kw Heat recovery type evaporative cooling 210 kw
 Wind system: test laboratory to ensure
the reliability
Parameter Unit Ability
Air Volume m³/h 150000
External residual pressure Pa 40~1000
Indoor
Indoor air inlet temperature
side ℃ 24~45℃
operating temperature range

Relative humidity of inlet air % 30%

Air Volume m³/h 200000
Operating temperature range
℃ -40～+0℃
under dry condition
Meet the standard
Relative humidity of inlet air %
requirements
Operating temperature range
℃ 0℃～15℃
under dry condition
Meet the standard
Relative humidity of inlet air %
requirements
Outdoor Operating temperature range
℃ 10℃～+60℃
side under wet condition
Relative humidity of inlet air % Minimum 30%
Operating temperature range
under compound working ℃ 10℃～+60℃ The first in the industry
condition
Relative humidity of inlet air % Minimum 30%
Specialized labs that meet industry standards for data
centers
Cooling capacity under compound
kW 600
working condition Maximum test capacity
Maximum size of laboratory space
Test capacity: 600kw, Air volume: 150000m ³/h, Minimum ambient temperature: -40 ℃.
Outdoor temperature and humidity control requirements: special laboratory meeting the requirements of special standard for data center
 Fluorine system-full VFD design, high efficiency
and simplicity

Row level
+
Solutions
Half cabinet Full cabinet air
（25KW） cooling (40 KW)

Room level
Solutions
+
 It is suitable for new small and medium-sized data centers
and retrofitting projects.
 High-efficiency gas fluorine pump scheme, PUE ≤ 1.25. Room level air cooling
 The pipeline design and construction are simple, and the (25 ~ 100 kw)
MAU/MAD Series
initial investment is low.
 ART 2
Case Applications
Project cases

Chongqing Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center Project

 Project Overview: Chongqing Science City West Yongwei Electric Park, with a total investment

of about 1.14 billion yuan, covering an area of about 9 mu, and a building area of about 5000

square meters. Equipped with a computing center with 400P computing power, the data center

adopts a prefabricated modular machine room form for rapid construction and delivery.

 Supply: SCAF240GV (FC-I) *2 units of variable frequency air-cooled screw units with indirect

natural cooling function + 2 sets of liquid cooling hydraulic modules + 1 set of cold source group control

system + 10 CDU@305kw
Project cases

Air-cooled chiller Cold

storag
e tank

Cooling tower

CRAH/CDU

Hydraulic module

Hydraulic module
 Project cases
Air-liquid / cold plate cooling tower
Cold storage tank

Hydraulic module

Liquid cooling hydraulic module

 Project cases

The liquid cooling module adopts CDU+ liquid cooling cabinet, and the two-layer liquid
cooling-cold plate cooling system includes two closed cooling towers and two chilled water
pumps, with a configuration of 1+1 backup.

Schematic diagram of liquid cooling-cold plate cooling system

 Midea Cloud-Construction Planning

Project Overview
The project is located in Guian New District, Guiyang City, Guizhou
Province. With total construction area of 15,000 square meters, the data center
built 4 buildings in phase I, each capable of accommodating 1200 8kW server
cabinets, with a total capacity of over 70,000 servers.

Design Overview
DEC Direct evaporative cooling solutions + 50% cold supplement from
chilled water system.
Emergency cold storage tank + Midea elevator + precision air conditionings
Year-round operation with PUE ≤ 1.2, design PUE 1.17.

System Introduction
1*CCWG800EVD + 2*CCWF800EV centrifugal chillers
30*Direct Ventilation AHU 85000 m3/h
20*Direct Ventilation AHU 54000 m3/h
 IT Room-Direct Evaporative Cooling AHU 1/2

Return
The unit consists of air inlet section, filter section, silencing section, refrigeration air
section, air supply section and control cabinet.
How it works: Air Inlet Filter Noise Refriger Air
Section Section Reductin ation Supply
 Fresh air passes through various functional sections to meet the set temperature
and humidity requirements, entering the data center. Fresh Air
 Direct evaporative cooling is a process of enthalpy cooling where air and water air Supply

come into direct contact, the greater the dry-bulb/wet-bulb temperature

difference, the better the evaporation effect.
 Heat recovery direct evaporative cooling unit, with built-in heat recovery coil,
recycles 100% of the heat from the exhaust air.

Note: Gui'an Midea Cloud Project customizes the chilled water coil cooling section on the
Direct Evaporative Cooling Principle
basis of standard evaporative cooling AHU products. The AHU coil is designed in consideration Diagram 50

of 100% load demand. The water chiller is designed in consideration of 50% cooling capacity, 40
(to,do) 60%

and the conditions for later expansion are reserved. To ensure that future extreme working O

t(°C)
30
室内 环 境
100 ％
(tsf,dsf)
conditions are met and the stable operation needs of the data center are met; 20

(twb,o,dwb,o)
10

(tdp,o,d o) P0 =101.325 kPa

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
d(kg/kg.air)
 IT Room-Direct Evaporative Cooling AHU 2/2

Efficient and flexible Intelligent optimization

 Filter section: G4 + F8, combined
 Wet film selection: determined
filter section, good dust filtration
according to the head-on wind
effect, filtration efficiency of more
speed, humidification efficiency
than 95%;
and wet film performance curve;

 Energy-saving algorithm: the

specific enthalpy method is used
to control the core air supply
temperature and humidity.
According to the isenthalpic
process of wet film, the air supply
 High efficiency wet film: polymer composite  EBM backward tilting centrifugal EC fan; temperature and humidity
fiber material, strong water absorption, high wet coupling control is decomposed
 Operating range: -20 ~ 60 ℃;
ball efficiency;
into air supply temperature wet
 The motor shall meet the protection grade of
 Honeycomb structure design: high wind speed film adjustment and air supply
IP55;
(4-4.5m/s) is not easy to float; enthalpy air valve adjustment.
 Supplemental cooling scheme — centralized cooling
Water Direct
 Energy efficiency analysis
Operating (Dry Bulb) (Wet bulb) Hours statistics
Time ratio cooling expansion
conditions ℃ ℃ h scheme scheme
Mixed
24-25 1 6.30 5.10  39.5% of the time in Guian area is in mixed cooling mode; 60.5% of them are in
condition
Mixed
23-24 4 6.47 5.25 natural cooling mode (dry + wet mode), and the energy-saving effect is
condition
Mixed
22-23 165 6.65 5.43 remarkable.
condition
Mixed
21-22 685 6.78 5.80  The cold source system adopts high-efficiency variable frequency magnetic
condition
Mixed
condition
20-21 746 7.38 6.26 suspension chiller, the supply and return water temperature of chilled water is
39.55%
Mixed
condition
19-20 511 7.62 6.70 15/21 ℃, and the energy efficiency of the chiller reaches 8.0 under the design
Mixed
condition
18-19 475 7.83 7.20 condition, which is far higher than 5.0 of the conventional scroll compressor
Mixed
condition
17-18 535 8.03 7.69 system.
Mixed
condition
16-17 232 8.21 7.93  The greater the amount of supplementary cooling and the longer the proportion
Mixed
condition
＞16 111 8.35 8.05 of time, the more advantages of water cooling scheme can be reflected compared
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 16-17 204 8.82 8.13
with compressor supplementary cooling.
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 15-16 327 8.94 8.28
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 14-15 256 9.02 8.45  In wet and dry conditions, the operation energy efficiency of water-cooled direct
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 13-14 130 9.16 8.60 evaporative cooling unit is slightly higher than that of air-cooled direct expansion
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 12-13 59 9.37 8.75
11.83% unit due to the optimization of internal resistance.
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 11-12 36 9.65 8.91
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 10-11 15 9.92 9.05
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 9-10 5 10.24 8.50
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 8-9 1 10.40 9.63  Summary: Direct evaporative cooling air conditioning unit is adopted for
Wet condition Dry pellet > 16 ＜8 3 10.68 9.51
Dry condition 15-16 419 9.77 8.93
the terminal air conditioning of Midea Cloud Project, and high-efficiency
Dry condition 14-15 291 10.12 9.25
Dry condition 13-14 220 10.48 9.52 frequency conversion magnetic levitation chiller is adopted for the cold
Dry condition 12-13 269 10.83 9.81
Dry condition 11-12 254 11.21 10.08 source. The cooling coil of the terminal air conditioning can achieve 100% of
Dry condition 10-11 279 11.56 10.36
Dry condition
48.62%
9-10 317 11.93 10.61 the maximum load demand of the unit, with higher reliability.
Dry condition 8-9 365 12.26 10.88
Dry condition 7-8 322 12.18 10.82
Dry condition 6-7 355 12.94 11.40
Dry condition 5-6 291 13.20 11.66
Dry condition ＜5 867 14.06 12.43
 Magnetic suspension VFD chiller

VFD cabinet High efficiency and oil-free

Control
cabinet

 Industrial magnetic bearing, no

Compressor
Economizer lubricating oil, zero friction, low power
consumption;

Condenser  Permanent magnet synchronous motor

Magnetic bearing technology Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Technology

with efficiency up to 0.97;
Evaporator  Double stage compression with air
supply and enthalpy increase, the
efficiency is increased by 6%;
 Full falling film evaporator improves
heat exchange efficiency and reduces
refrigerant consumption;
High efficiency pneumatic technology Full falling film evaporation technology

 Cooling capacity range: 130RT ~ 1800RT Stable and reliable

 COP: 6.44 ~ 6.85 (double level)
 IPLV: 8.51~10.13

7%
4%

 Bearing control technology, 20  Long-life standby bearing (more

 High-reliability motor
KHZ position; position dynamic than 300 times), unlimited standby;
cooling design and
scanning, μm-level position
monitoring, multiple
control accuracy, to ensure
Conventional magnetic Conventional magnetic baffling 360 ° annular
levitation COP Midea Midea
Maglev COP levitation IPLV Midea Maglev IPLV accurate suspension
cooling;
Maglev COP
 Schematic diagram of refrigeration system

Provide equipment
power distribution and
realize intelligent control
Cooling Cold storage
direction direction
Medium and high water
21℃ temperature high efficiency
terminal
High efficiency frequency conversion
cooling tower
The maximum degree of
approximation under the design 15℃ 21℃
parameters is 3 ℃.

Cold storage tank

290KW/190KW
30℃ 36℃

Cooling Chilled water

water pump secondary pump Primary chilled
water pump

Cooling Chilled water

water pump secondary pump Primary chilled
water pump

Cooling Chilled water

water pump secondary pump Primary chilled

Magnetic suspension chiller 800RT

water pump
15℃ Note: Refrigeration system
2 + 1 configuration
 Support zone temperature control scheme

 Support area (transformation and

distribution room, battery room, etc.)
Air-fluorine integrated room-grade air-cooled
frequency conversion (25 ~ 100 kw)

Fresh air blower

Equipment: the black line area is the operation

range of our products, and the red line area is the
+
operation range of a company in the same industry;
 Midea's self-developed fluorine pump precision air conditioning
system and fresh air conditioning system are used in the support
area to realize dual refrigeration systems. The annual operation time
of the fresh air fan is more than 3000 h, making full use of the
natural cold source, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable.
 Temperature control scheme of experimental
computer room

 Architecture of Air-Liquid-Fluorine Fusion Refrigeration System in Laboratory Room  The power density of single
cabinet in the machine room is 40
KW, of which 70% of the cabinet
heat dissipation is undertaken by
the cold plate liquid cooling
system, and the fluorine-water
heat exchange CDU is used. The
At the same time, fluorine pump AHU (DES air conditioning unit), liquid cooling technology remaining 30% of the cabinet

(fluorine-water exchange CDU) and SST power supply were introduced into the laboratory heat dissipation is undertaken by
the fluorine pump AHU.
room as technical pre-research and reserve, which made full preparations for Gui'an Meiyun  The supply/return water

Phase II Data Center. temperature of the secondary

side is 43/53 ℃ (25% propylene
glycol solution);
 The primary side is the outdoor
unit of the frequency conversion
fluorine pump;
Project cases

Huawei Cloud East China Data Center Project

 Project Overview: Huawei Cloud East China Data Center (Wuhu), with a

total area of 2600 acres, of which the first phase covers an area of 253 acres,

with a total construction area of about 170,000 square meters, and building

a data center with 10,000 racks (8~22kW).

 Winning bid: 1208 * CDU@455kw+2400 * DU@320kw, 900 units have

been supplied (Wuhu 500+), and the remaining are expected to be

delivered within 25 years of the contract.

Project cases

Huawei Cloud Guizhou-An Data Center Project

 Project Introduction: Huawei Cloud East China Data Center covers a

total area of 2600 mu, of which the first phase covers 253 mu, with a

total construction area of about 170,000 square meters, and the

construction of 10,000 racks (8~22kW) data center.

 Winning Bid: 1208 *CDU@455kw+2400 *DU@320kw , already

delivered 900+ units (300+ in Guian), the rest is expected to be

completed within 25 years of performance.

 Project cases

Heshan Weihai Zhigu Pengcheng Cloud Brain Center Lhasa Ning Algorithm Big Data Center Gui'an Huawei Qixing Lake Data Center

Tencent Qingyuan Data Center Yantai Huawei Data Center China Mobile (Harbin) Data Center Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Data Center

Chengdu Industrial and Commercial Bank Beijing Unicom Huangcun Data Center China Telecom Beijing Technology Park Shanghai Metro Control Center
Thank You !