IIT-JAM MATHEMATICS-MA

Real Analysis : Sequence of Real Numbers

SECTION-A [Multiple Choice Questions]

1. Let an , bn  and cn  be sequences of real numbers such that bn  a2 n and cn  a2 n  1 . Then an  is
convergent
(a) implies bn  is convergent but cn  need not be convergent

(b) implies cn  is convergent but bn  need not be convergent

(c) implies both bn  and cn  are convergent

(d) if both bn  and cn  are convergent [IIT-JAM 2005-MA]

2. Let {an} and {bn} be sequences of real numbers defined as a1  1 and for n  1 , an  1  a n  ( 1)n 2  n ,
2 an  1  an
bn  . Then [IIT-JAM 2008-MA]
an
(a) {an} converges to zero and {bn} is a Cauchy sequence
(b) {an} converges to a non-zero number and {bn} is a Cauchy sequence
(c) {an} converges to zero and {bn} is not a convergent sequence
(d) {an} converges to a non-zero number and {bn} is not a convergent sequence
3. Let f : 1, 4   R be a uniformly continuous function and let an  be a Cauchy sequence in (1, 2). Let
1
xn  an2 f  an2  and yn  2
f  an2  , for all n  N . Which of the following statement is true?
1  an

(a) Both  xn  and  yn  must be Cauchy sequences in R [IIT-JAM 2010-MA]

(b)  xn  must be a Cauchy sequence in R but  yn  need not be a Cauchy sequence in R

(c)  yn  must be a Cauchy sequence in R but  xn  need not be a Cauchy sequence in R

(d) Neither  xn  nor  yn  needs to be a Cauchy sequence in R

4. Let xn  be the sequence  1,  1,  2,  2,  3,  3,  4,  4,.... If

x1  x2  ...  xn
yn  for all n  ,
n
then the sequence  yn  is [IIT-JAM 2012-MA]
(a) monotonic (b) NOT bounded
(c) bounded but NOT convergent (d) convergent
2
2 2 2
 
 1  1  1  1 
5. Let xn   1    1    1   ...  1  n(n  1)  , n  2. Then nlim xn is [IIT-JAM 2013-MA]
 3  6  10   


 2 
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
3 9 81
   1 
6. Let xn  22 n  1  cos  n   for all n   . Then the sequence {xn } [IIT-JAM 2014-MA]
  2 
(a) does NOT converge (b) converge to 0
1 1
(c) converges to (d) converges to
2 4
7. Let {xn } be a sequence of real numbers such that lim( xn 1  xn )  c , where c is a positive real number..
n 

x 
Then the sequence  n  [IIT-JAM 2014-MA]
n
(a) is NOT bounded (b) is bounded but NOT convergent
(c) converges to c (d) converges to 0
8. Let {xn} be a convergent sequence of real numbers. If x1    2 and xn  1    xn   for n  1 , then
which one of the following is the limit of this sequence ? [IIT-JAM 2015-MA]
(a)   1 (b)   2 (c)  (d)   
n
  1 1  n   
9. The sequence cos  tan      is [IIT-JAM 2015-MA]
  2   
  2
(a) monotone and convergent (b) monotone but not convergent
(c) convergent but not monotone (d) neither monotone nor convergent
10. The sequence {sn} of real numbers given by [IIT-JAM 2016-MA]
  
sin sin 2 sin n
sn  2  2    2 is
1 2 23 n  (n  1)
(a) a divergent sequence (b) an oscillatory sequence
(c) not a Cauchy sequence (d) a Cauchy sequence
4 3 an3
11. Let {an} be a sequence of positive real numbers satisfying   , n  1, a1  1. Then all the terms of
an  1 an 81
the sequence lie in [IIT-JAM 2016-MA]
1 3
(a)  ,  (b)  0,1 (c) 1, 2 (d) 1, 3
2 2
12. Let 0  a1  b1 . For n  1, define [IIT-JAM 2017-MA]
an  bn
an1  anbn and bn1 
2
Then which one of the followings is NOT TRUE?
(a) Both an  and bn  converge, but the limits are not equal
(b) Both an  and bn  converge and the limits are equal
(c) bn  is a decreasing sequence (d) an  is an increasing sequence

1  1 1 1 
13. lim       [IIT-JAM 2017-MA]
n 
n  3 6 6 9 3n  3n  3 

1 1
(a) 1  3 (b) 3 (c) (d)
3 1 3
14. Which one of the followings is TRUE? [IIT-JAM 2017-MA]
(a) Every sequence that has a convergent subsequence is a Cauchy sequence
(b) Every sequence that has a convergent subsequence is a bounded sequence
(c) The sequence sin n has a convergent subsequence

 1
(d) The sequence  n cos  has a convergent subsequence
 n
1 1 1
15. Let sn  1    ...  for n   . Then which one of the following is TRUE for the sequence {sn }n1
1! 2! n!
(a) {sn }n1 converges in  [IIT-JAM 2018-MA]
(b) {sn }n1 is a Cauchy sequence but does not converge in 

(c) The sub-sequence {sk n }n 1 is convergent in  only when k is even natural number

(d) {sn }n1 is not a Cauchy sequence

bn1 an is [IIT-JAM 2018-MA]

16. Let an  , where b1  1, b2  1 and bn  2  bn  bn1 , n   . Then lim
n 
bn

1 5 1 3 1 3 1 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2

2n 1  3n1
17. The sequence converges to [D.U. 2015]
2n  3n
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

1 2
18. Let xn be the sequence defined by x1  2 and xn 1   xn   . Then [D.U. 2015]
2 xn 

(a) xn converges to rational number (b) xn is an increasing sequence

(c) xn converges to 2 2 (d) xn is a decreasing sequence

19. Let xn be an unbounded sequence in  . Then [D.U. 2015]
(a) xn has a convergent subsequence
(b) xn has a subsequence xn k
such that xnk  0
1
(c) xn has a subsequence xn such that 0
k
x nk

(d) every subsequence of xn k is unbounded

20. The sequence (n1/ n ) is [D.U. 2017]
(a) monotonically decreasing
(b) monotonically increasing
(c) convergent and converges to zero
(d) neither monotonically increasing nor monotonically decreasing
 1
21. Let ( xn ) be a sequence defined by x1  3 and xn 1  .Then [D.U. 2017]
4  xn
(a) ( xn ) is a monotonically decreasing sequence that is not bounded below
(b) ( xn ) converges to 2  3
(c) ( xn ) converges to 2  3
(d) ( xn ) diverges
1/ n
 1 2 4n  
22. The value of lim  1    1   ...  1   is [B.H.U.-2012]
n 
 n n  n  

44 55 55 44
(a) (b) (c) (d)
e4 e5 e4 e5
23. Which of the following sequences is not bounded ? [B.H.U.-2015]
 n 
 1   
 (1)n   1 1 1
(a) {(1) } n 
(b) 1  n  (c)  1    (d) 1      
n 1
 n  1  n    2 3 n n  1
n 1

   1     n 
24. If { n }n 0 is a sequence of real numbers such that lim  0    , then nlim n
n
 n 1  

[B.H.U.-2015]
(a)  (b)   1 (c)   3 (d) May not exist

25. Let the sequence  xn n  1 be defined as x1  1 and xn  1  1  xn for n  1 . Then

(a) sequence  xn n  1 is monotonically increasing [B.H.U.-2016]

(b) sequence  xn n  1 is monotonically decreasing

(c) sequence  xn n  1 is not convergent

(d) sequence  xn n  1 is not bounded
26. Which of the following sequences is NOT convergent ? [B.H.U.-2016]
n  
 1    (1)n 
(a) 1  n   (b)  n 
  n  1  n  1
 
 1 1 1  2n 
(c) 1  2  2    2  (d)  n n 
 2 3 n n  1  n  1

27. If  n n  1 is a sequence of real numbers and  be a non-zero real number such that
lim (1  2    n )   then lim ( n ) is [B.H.U.-2016]
n n 

(a)  (b)   1 (c)   2 (d) 0

28. Sequence 2, 2 2 , 2 2 2 ,.... is convergent to

1
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) [B.H.U.-2012]
2
  1 1 1 
29. The value of lim    ....   is [B.H.U.-2018]
2
n 
 n 1 n2  2 n2  n 
1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c)  (d)
2
1
 nn  n
30. lim
The value of n   is [B.H.U.-2018]
 n! 
(a) 1 (b) e (c) 0 (d) n
e
 1
31. For a1 > 0, the sequence an n 1 , where an1  1  n  1, converges to [B.H.U.-2018]
an

5 5 1 5 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 5
32. The sequence 7, 7  7 , 7  7  7 ,.... converges to

1  33 1  32 1  30 1  29
(a) (b) (c) (d) [TIFR-2010]
2 2 2 2
33.* Define {xn} as x1  0.1, x2  0.101, x3  0.101001,....... Then the sequence {xn}
(a) converges to a rational number (b) converges to an irrational number
(c) does not converge (d) oscillates [TIFR-2010]
[nx ]
34. Consider the sequence {xn} defined by xn  for x   where [ ] denotes the integer part. Then {xn}
n
(a) converges to x (b) converges but not to x [TIFR-2011]
(c) does not converge (d) oscillates
35. Let an  (n  1)100 e  n for n  1 . Then the sequence (an)n is [TIFR-2014]
(a) unbounded (b) bounded but does not converge
(c) bounded and converges to 1 (d) bounded and converges to 0
1 1 1 
36. The limit lim       [TIFR-2016]
n n n 1 2n 

(a) e (b) 2 (c) loge 2 (d) e2
37. For a sequence {an} of real numbers, which of the following is a negation of the statement lim an  0
n 

(a) There exists  > 0 such that the set n   an  is infinite. [TIFR-2018]
(b) For any M > 0, there exists N  such that |an| > M for all n  N.
(c) There exists a nonzero real number a such that for every  > 0, there exists N  with |an – a| < for
all n  N.
(d) For any a   , and every  > 0, there exist infinitely many n such that |an – a| > .
xn
38.

Let the sequence  xn n1 be defined by x1  2 and xn 1   2 for n  1 . Then which one of the follwing
statements is true ? [TIFR-2019]
(a) The sequence {xn} is monotonically increasing and lim xn  2
n 

(b) The sequence {xn} is neither monotonically increasing nor monotonically decreasing
(c) lim xn does not exist [TIFR-2019]
n 

(d) lim xn  
n
  1 1
39. For n  1. the sequence  xn n1 , where xn  1   ....   2 n is [TIFR-2019]
2 n
(a) decreasing (b) increasing (c) constant (d) oscillating
40. If {xn } and { yn } be two sequences such that xn  yn  0 as n, then [SAU-2016]
(a) both {xn } and { yn } must be convergent
(b) both {xn } and { yn } must be bounded
(c) at least one of {xn } and { yn } must be either convergent or bounded
(d) both {xn } and { yn } can be divergent
41. If {an } and {bn } be real sequences such that an  bnn  1, 2,..., then which of the following statements is
true? [SAU-2016]
(a) If {an } is convergent, then {bn } is also convergent
(b) If {bn } is convergent, then {an } is also convergent
(c) If {bn } is divergent, then {an } is also divergent
(d) Nothing can be said
42. Let {xn } be a sequence defined as follows: [SAU-2016]
x1  0
8 xn31  6 xn  1, n  1, 2, 3,...
Then the sequence {xn } is
(a) bounded and increasing (b) only bounded
(c) only increasing (d) neither bounded nor increasing
1 1 1 1
1  2 2  33  4 4 ......n n
43. The value of lim is
n  n
(a) 0 (b) 1 (b)  (d) not defined
44. The limit of the sequence an  , where [SAU-2017]
n
 n 1
an    is
 n 1 
(a) e (b) e2 (c) 1 (d) 2
45. Which one of the following statements is correct ? [SAU-2017]
(a) Every bounded sequecne is convergent.
(b) Every bounded sequecne has a convergent subsequence.
(c) Every bounded sequecne having a limit point is convergent.
(d) A convergent sequence may have a divergent subsequence.
pq
46. Let p, q be two reals such that p  q  0 . Define the sequence {xn } , where x1  p  q and xn  x1 
xn 1
for n  2 . Then for all n, xn is equal to one of the following and determine it. [CUCET-2016]
p n1  q n1 p n1  q n 1 ( pq)n ( pq) n
(a) xn  (b) xn  (c) xn  (d) xn 
pn  qn p n  qn pn  qn pn  qn
47. Which one of the following statements is wrong? [CUCET-2016]
(a) Every convergent sequence of reals is necessarily bounded
(b) Every sequence of reals has a monotone subsequence
(c) Every monotone increasing sequence which is bounded above is convergent
(d) Every sequence which is bounded above has a convergent subsequence
n 
48. The sequence  n  1 [CUCET-2016]
2 
(a) Is bounded but not convergent (b) Is convergent and converges to 0
(c) Is convergent and converges to 1 (d) Is monotone increasing
n n 1
 1  1
49. Consider the sequence {an } and {bn } , where an   1   and bn   1   for all n  N . Then,
 n  n
(a) both sequences are monotone increasing [CUCET-2016]
(b) both sequences are monotone decreasing
(c) one of these two sequences is monotone increasing and the other one is monotone decreasing
(d) both the sequences are unbounded
50. Let {an} and {bn} be sequences of real numbers defined as a1 = 1 and for n  1, [CUCET-2017]
n 2 an 1  an
an 1  an   1 2  n , bn  then
an
(a) {an} converges to zero and {bn} is a Cauchy sequence
(b) {an} converges to a non-zero number and {bn} is a Cauchy sequence
(c) {an} converges to zero and {bn} is not a convergent sequence
(d) {an} converges to non-zero number and {bn} is not a convergent sequence
n 
51. The sequence  1  n 1
is [CUCET-2017]
(a) bounded and convergent (b) convergent and unbounded
(c) bounded and divergent (d) divergent and unbounded
  
52. If sequence of real numbers an n 1 , bn n 1 and cn n 1 are such that bn = a2n and cn  a2 n 1 then

an n 1 is convergent implies [CUCET-2017]
 
(a) bn n 1 is convergent but cn n 1 need not be convergent
 
(b) cn n 1 is not convergent but bn n1 need be convergent
 
(c) both bn n 1 and cn n 1 are convergent
 
(d) both bn n 1 and cn n 1 are divergent
53. Which amongst the following statements is not true ? [CUCET-2017]
(a) A sequence cannot converge to more than one limit
(b) Every convergent sequence is bounded
(c) Every bounded sequence is convergent
(d) Limit of a convergent sequence is unique
1 1 1
54. The sequence an  2
 2
 ...  2
[CUCET-2017]
n  n  1  2n 
1 1
(a) converges to 0 (b) converges to (c) converges to (d) does not converge
2 4
55. If a sequence is not a Cauchy sequence then it is a [CUCET-2018]
(a) divergent sequence (b) convergent sequence
(b) bounded sequence (d) none of these
1 1 1
1 
56. lim 1  2 2  33  ......  n n  is [CUCET-2018]
n  n
 
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) none of these
  1 
57. The sequence (1)n  1    is [HCU-2010]
  n 
(a) bounded below but not bounded above (b) bounded above but not bounded below
(c) bounded (d) not bounded
 n
(1) j 
58. The sequence 1    is [HCU-2010]
 j 1 2 j  1
(a) unbounded and divergent (b) bounded and divergent
(c) unbounded and convergent (d) bounded and convergent
 (1) n 
59. For the sequence  n   of real numbers [HCU-2010]
 n 
(a) the greatest lower bound and least upper bound exist
(b) the greatest lower bound exists but not least upper bound
(c) the least upper bound exists but not the greatest lower bound
(d) neither the greatest lower bound nor the least upper bound exist
60. Let {xn },{ yn } be two convergent real sequences and let zn  max{xn , yn } for each n   . Then
(a) {zn} is convergent [HCU-2010]
(b) {zn} is bounded but may not be convergent
(c) {zn} may not be convergent but {zn} has a convergent sub-sequence
(d) {zn} is convergent if and only if n0    xn  ynn  n0
61. Let ( an ), (bn ) be two convergent sequences converging to l, m respectively. If we define
 a  m if n is odd,
cn   n then [HCU-2011]
 bn  l if n is even,
(a) (cn) is a Cauchy sequence which is not convergent
(b) (cn) is bounded but not convergent
(c) (cn) is a convergent sequence converging to l  m
(d) (cn) has only two convergent subsequences

p 1  1 
62. Let { pn } be a strictly increasing sequence of prime numbers and let xn  (1) n  1   then
 pn 

(a) lim xn  1 / 2 (b) lim xn   1 [HCU-2012]

n  n 

(c) lim xn  1 (d) lim xn does not exist

n  n 
63. We say that a sequence (an ) does NOT converge to l if [HCU-2013]
(a)  0, n0  , n  n0 we have | an  l | 
(b)  0, n0  , n  n0 such that | an  l | 
(c)  0, n0  , n  n0 such that | an  l | 
(d)  0, n0  , n  n0 we have | an  l | 
64. Consider a sequence (an ) of positive numbers satisfying the condition an an  2  an21 , n   then (an ) is a
(a) convergent sequence if a1  2a2 [HCU-2013]
(b) monotonically increasing sequence if a1  2a2
(c) convergent sequence if a1  2a2
(d) monotonically increasing sequence if a1  2a2

 a , if n is odd,
65. If {an } is a sequence converging to l. Let bn   2 n . Then the sequence {bn }
 a3n , if n is even
(a) need not converge (b) should converge to 0 [HCU-2014]
(c) should converge to 2l or to 3l (d) should converge to l
66. Let {xn } and { yn } be two sequences in  such that lim xn  2 and lim yn  2 . Then
n  n 

(a) xn  yn for all n   [HCU-2014]

(b) xn2  yn for all n  
(c) there exists an m  such that | xn |  yn2 for all n  m
(d) there exists an m  such that | xn |  | yn | for all n  m
67. Let {xn} be an increasing sequence of irrational numbers in [0, 2]. Then [HCU-2014]
(a) {xn} converges to 2 (b) {xn} converges to 2
(c) {xn} converges to some number in [0, 2] (d) {xn} may not converge
68. Write the logical negation of the following statement about a sequence {an } of real numbers:
“For all n   there exists an m  such that m  n and am  an [HCU-2014]
(a) There exists an n   such that am  an for all m  n
(b) For all n   there exists m  such that m  n and am  an
(c) There exists n   such that am  an , for all m  n
(d) There exists n   such that am  an , for all m  n
69. Consider the following two statements. [HCU-2015]
 an 
S1 : If (an ) is any real sequence, then   has a convergent subsequence
 1 | an | 
S2 : If every subsequence of (an ) has a convergent subsequence, then (an ) is bounded.
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Both S1 and S2 are true (b) Both S1 and S2 are false
(c) S1 is false but S2 is true (d) S1 is true but S2 is false
70. The non-zero values for x0 and x1 such that the sequence defined by the recurrence relation xn  2  2 xn ,
is convergent are [HCU-2016]
(a) x0  1 and x1  1 (b) x0  1/ 2 and x1  1/ 4
(c) x0  1/10 and x1  1/ 20 (d) none of the above
71. Let {an }  a and {bn }  b in  . Consider the following statements. [HCU-2017]
S1 : If an  b and bn  a for infinitely many n   then a  b
S2 : If an  bn for infinitely many n   then a  b
Then
(a) both S1 and S2 are true (b) S1 is true but S2 is false
(c) S1 is false but S2 is true (d) both S1 and S2 are false
72. Let ( xn ) be a sequence in  . Consider the following statements: [HCU-2017]
S1 : If {xn } is a Cauchy sequence, ( x3n1 )  a and ( x6 n )  b, then a  b .

S2 : If every subsequence {xnk } has a convergent subsequence {xnkl }, then {xn } is convergent
Then
(a) both S1 and S2 are true (b) S1 is true but S2 is false
(c) S1 is false and S2 is true (d) both S1 and S2 are false
1 1 1
73. The value of lim
n  n
 1   ......   is [HCU-2018]
 2 n
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  (e) e
1  2  3  4  5  6  ...  (2 n)
74. lim equals [JAM(MS)-2007]
n 
n2  1  n2 1
(a)  (b) 1/2 (c) 0 (d) –1/2
 1 2 k 
75. Let L  lim n  f    f    ...  f    kf (0)  , where k is a positive integer. If f ( x)  sin x, then
n 
 n n n 
L is equal to [JAM(MS)-2012]
(k  1)(k  2) (k  1)(k  2) k (k  1)
(a) (b) (c) (d) k (k  1)
6 2 2
2
a 1 e an  an
76. Let {an }n1 be a sequence of positive real numbers such that lim n1  . Then lim is equal to
n  a 2
n
n  4

e1/ 4 1 e1/4 1
(a)  (b)  (c) (d) [JAM(MS)-2013]
4 8 4 4
77. If a sequence {xn } is monotone and bounded, then [JAM(MS)-2015]
(a) there exists a subsequence of {xn } that diverges
(b) there may exist a subsequence of {xn } that is not monotone
(c) all subsequqences of {xn } converge to the same limit
(d) there exist at least two subsequences of {xn } which converge to distinct limits
78. Let {an }n1 be a sequence defined as follows: [JAM(MS)-2017]
7an  11
a1  1 and an1  ,n
21
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(a) {an }n1 is an increasing sequence which diverges
11
(b) {an }n1 is an increasing sequence with lim n an 
14
(c) {an }n1 is a decreasing sequence which diverges
11
(d) {an }n1 is a decreasing sequence with lim n an 
14
79. Let {an}n1 be a sequence of real numbers such that a1=2 and, for a1 = 2 and, for n 1 Then,
2 an  1
an1  [JAM(MS)-2018]
an  1
Then
(a) 1.5an 2, for all natural number n 1
(b) there exists a natural number n 1 such that an > 2
(c) there exists a natural number n 1 such that an<1.5
1 5
(d) there exists a natural number n 1 such that an 
2
n2
80. The value of lim  1  2  e 2n is [JAM(MS)-2018]
 
n 
 n
(a) e–2 (b) e–1 (c) e (d) e2
81.* Let an n 1 and{bn} n1 be two convergent sequence of real numbers. For n  1, define

un  max an , bn  and vn  min an , bn  then [JAM(MS)-2018]

(a) neither un n1 nor vn n1 converges

(b) un n1 converges but vn n1 not converge

(c) un n1 does not converge but vn n1 converges

(d) both un n1 and vn n1 converge

82. A sequence of real numbers xn are defined as follows: [ISI-2014]
1  xn1
xn  2  .n  0,1, 2,.... and x  1, x  2
xn 0 1

Then x2014 equals to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of the above
1. 2 . 3  2 . 3 . 4  .....upto n terms
83. Let An  n 1. 2  2 . 3  ....upto n terms  Then nlim

An is [ISI-2015]

(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/4 (d) 5/4

 1/ n n 1
84. Let n  3 be an integer. Then the statement  n !  is [ISI-2017]
2
(a) true for every n  3 (b) true if and only if n  5
(c) not true for n  10 (d) true for even integers n  6, not true for odd n  5
n
1
85. Let (vn) be a sequence defined by v1 =1 and vn 1  vn2    for n  1. Then lim vn is [ISI-2017]
5 x 

(a) 5/3 (b) 5 / 4 (c) 1 (d) nonexistent

86. Let (xn) be a sequence of real numbers such that the subsequences (x2n) and (x3n) converge to limits K
and L respectively. Then
(a) (xn) always converges (b) if K = L, then (xn) converges [ISI-2017]
(c) (xn) may not converge, but K = L (d) it is possible to have K  L
n

87. Let sn  1
 1, n   . Then the sequence sn  is [IIT-JAM 2020]
n
(a) monotonically increasing and is convergent to 1
(b) monotonically decreasing and is convergent to 1
(c) neither monotonically increasing nor monotonically decreasing but is convergent to 1
(d) divergent

1  sn2
88. Define s1    0 and sn 1  , n  1 . Which of the following is true ? [IIT-JAM 2020]
1 
2 1 1
(a) If sn  , then sn  is monotonically increasing and lim sn 
 n  
2 1 1
(b) If sn  , then sn  is monotonically decreasing and lim sn 
 n  
2 1 1
(c) If sn  , then sn  is monotonically increasing and lim sn 
n 
 
2 1 1
(d) If sn  , then sn  is monotonically decreasing and lim sn 
 n  
an1
89. Let {an} be a sequence of positive real numbers. Suppose that l  lim .which of the following is true ?
n  a
n

(a) If l  1, then lim an  1 (b) If l  1, then lim an  0 [IIT-JAM 2020]

n  n 

(c) If l  1, then lim an  1 (d) If l  1, then lim an  0

n  n 

2  2 
90. Does the sequence an  n cos  2   has a limit ? [D.U. 2.019]
n 2
(a) No, it oscillates (b) No, it diverges (c) Yes, -2 is the limit (d) Yes, –1 is the limit
91. Let an be a bounded sequence of real numbers with lim sup an  lim inf an. Consider the following statements
(i) lim an does not exist. [D.U.-2019]
(ii) lim inf an < lim sup an.
(iii) There is a convergent subsequnce of an
Then
(a) all of (i), (ii) and (iii) are true (b) Only (ii) is true
(c) only (i) and (ii) are true (d) Only (ii) and (iii) are true
92. Let {xn} and {yn}be sequences of real numbers such that xn  yn for all n  N , where N is some positive
integer. Consider the following statements: [D.U.-2020]
(a) lim inf xn  lim inf yn (b) lim sup xn  lim sup yn
n  n  n  n 

Which of the above statements is(are) correct?

(a) Neither (a) nor (b) (b) Only (a) (c) Only (b) (d) Both (a) and (b)
93. Which of the sequences {an}and {bn}of real numbers with n– th terms [D.U.-2020]

an 
n 2
 20n  35  sin n3
, bn  2 cos n  sin n
n2  n  1
has(have) convergent subsequences?
(a) Neither an  nor bn  (b) Only {an}
(c) Only {bn} (d) Both {an} and {bn}
1
94. The proof of the fact that the sequence converges to zero relies on [D.U.-2019]
n
(a) None of these
(b) both completencess and the archimedian properties of .
(c) only the completeness property of .
(d) only the archimedian property of .
95. Given below are two statements [D.U.-2021]

an 1
Statement I: Suppose an > 0 for every n and lim
n  a
 1 then lim a  0
n
n

an 1
Statement II: Suppose an > 0 for every n and lim  1 then lim an  
n  an
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true (b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false (d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
96. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R

Assertion A: If for a real sequence (an), there exists a k   0,1 such that an  2  an 1  k an1  an for all n
then (an) is convergent in . [D.U.-2021]
Reason R: Every Cauchy sequence is convergent
In light of the above statement choose the correct answer from the options given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
97. Let (an ) be a sequence in  . Then which of the following statement is true ? [HCU-2021]
(a) If (an ) is a monotonic sequence in (0, 1) then ( an )  a , for some a  (0, 1) .
1 1
(b) If (an ) is a Cauchy sequence and a2n   ,  n   , then ( an )  a , for some a  (0, 1) .
2 2
1 1
(c) If (an ) is a Cauchy sequence and an   , for prime number p, then ( an )  a , for some a  (0, 1) .
2 2
(d) If (an ) is a Cauchy sequence then it is monotonic.

98. Consider a sequence {an } defined as: [JNU–2021]

2
an  20  (1)n 1
(n2  1) , when ‘n’ is odd, and an  log10 (20  (1) n n) , when ‘n’ is even.
Consider the following assertions:
A. lim sup an  sup an B. lim inf an  inf an
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and B are true (b) Only A is true
(c) Only B is true (d) Neither A nor B is true

99. For an  n 50 e  n , n   , the sequence {an } is [JNU–2021]

(a) unbounded (b) bounded and convergent to a positive real number
(c) bounded but does not converge (d) bounded and convergent to 0
100. Consider the following properties/results: [JNU–2021]
A. The monotone convergence theorem.
B. Completeness of .
C. Nested interval property.
Which of the above properties are equivalent to each other ?
(a) A and B only (b) A and C only (c) B and C only (d) All of A, B and C
101. Let {an }n     2 be such that an  (cos n, sin n), n   . Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) {an }n   is convergent. [JNU–2021]

(b) {an }n   is not convergent but it has a convergent subsequence.

(c) {an }n   has no convergent subsequence.
(d) {an }n   is unbounded.

102. Which of the following statements is not TRUE ? [JNU–2021]

(a) Every bounded sequence of real numbers has a monotone subsequence.
(b) If {xn } is a bounded sequence of real numbers with supn xn  xm ,  m   then it has a subsequence
converging to supn xn .
(c) Every unbounded sequence of real numbers has a monotone subsequence.
(d) Every monotonic sequence of real numbers has a convergent subsequence.

103. Let {xn } and { yn } be two sequence defined as: [JNU–2021]

1 2 1
x1  2, xn 1   xn   , y1  2, yn  1  yn 
2 xn  n 1
 for all n  1. Then which of the following is true ?
(a) {xn } and { yn } both are increasing and convergent.
(b) {xn } and { yn } both are convergent with lim xn  lim yn .
(c) {xn } is monotone but not convergent where as { yn } is monotone but not convergent.
(d) {xn } is monotone but not convergent where as { yn } is monotone and convergent.

104. Let {bn } be a sequence of real numbers. Consider the following statements: [JNU–2021]
A. lim (bn  2  bn  1 )  0
n
2
B. bn  2  bn  1  bn  1  bn ,  n  1
7
C. bn 1  bn 1  bn  bn  2 ,  n  3
Which of the above statements imply that {bn } is a Cauchy sequence:
(a) A, B and C (b) Only B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C
105. Which one of the following is incorrect ? [CUCET– 2021]
(a) Every subsequence of a convergent sequence of real numbers is convergent.
(b) Every convergent sequence of real numbers is bounded.
(c) Every bounded infinite set of real numbers has at least one limit point.
(d) Every bounded sequence of real numbers is convergent.

106. Let an n  1 be a bounded sequence of real numbers. Then, [CUCET– 2021]

(a) There is a subsequence of an n  1 which is convergent.

(b) Every subsequence of an n  1 is convergent.

(c) There is exactly one subsequence of an n  1 which is convergent.
(d) None of the above.

107. For a positive integer n, let an denote the unique positive real root of x n + xn–1 +.......+ x –1 = 0. Then

(a) the sequence an n 1 is unbounded (b) lim an  0 [TIFR-2021]
n 

(c) lim an  1 / 2 (d) lim an does not exist

n  n 

1 x  yn
108. Let (xn) and (yn) be sequences of real number defined by x1  1, y1  , xn 1  n , and yn 1  xn yn
2 2
for all n   . Then which one of the following is true ? [IIT-JAM-2022]
(a) (xn) is convergent, but (yn) is not convergent
(b) (xn) is convergent, but (yn) is convergent
(c) Both (xn) and (yn) are convergent and lim xn  lim yn
n  n 

(d) Both (xn) and (yn) are convergent and lim xn  lim yn
n  n 
 1 2  n
109. Let f  x   1  sin x for x   . Define an  n f   f   ... f   . Then [TIFR–2022]
n n  n

(a) none of the other three options is correct (b) an n converges to 0

(c) an n converges and lim an  0 (d) an n diverges to 

n 

110. Let {xn} be a sequence of postive numbers such that lim xn  x . Define [TIFR–2022]
n 

n n 1
1  x  x  
z n   x1  1    x2  1    ...  xn 1  x   . Then
n   n   n 1  
(a) {zn} converges to ex (b) {zn} converges to xe
(c) {zn} does not hav a limit (d) {zn} converges to xex
111. Let (an) be a sequance of real numbers defined by [IIT-JAM 2023-MA]

1 if n isprime a
an   . Let bn  n for n   . Then
 1 if n is not prime n
(a) (an) is convergent but (bn) is not convergent (b) (an) is not convergent but (bn) is convergent
(c) both (an) and (bn) are convergent (d) both (an) and (bn) are not convergent
112. Let (an) and (bn) be sequence of real numbers such that [IIT-JAM 2023-MA]

1 1
an  an 1  n and
bn  bn 1  for n   . Then
2 n
(a) (an) need not be a Cauchy sequence but (bn) is a Cauchy sequence
(b) both (an) and (bn) are Cauchy sequences
(c) (an) is Cauchy sequence but (bn) neet not be a Cauchy sequence
(d) Botb (an) and (bn) need not be Cauchy sequences
n
 1  n ! 
113. Let an   1   and bn  n cos  10  for n   . Then [IIT-JAM 2023-MA]
 n 2 
(a) (an) is not convergent and (bn) is unbounded (b) (an) is convergent and (bn) is unbounded
(c) (an) is not convergent and (bn) is bounded (d) (an) is convergent and (bn) is bounded
SECTION-B [Multiple Select Questions]
1. Which of the following conditions implies (imply) the convergence of a sequence {xn } of real numbers?
(a) Given   0 there exists an n0   such that for all n  n0 ,| xn 1  xn |   [IIT-JAM 2015-MA]
1
(b) Given   0 there exists an n0   such that for all n  n0 , | xn1  xn | 
(n  1)2

(c) Given   0 there exists an n0   such that for all n  n0 , (n  1) 2 | xn 1  xn |  

(d) Given   0 there exists an n0   such that for all m, n with m  n  n0 ,| xm  xn |  
2. Let {sn} be a sequence of positive real numbers satisfying 2 sn  1  sn2  3 , n  1. If  and  are the roots of
4
3
the equation x 2  2 x   0 and   s1   , then which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE ?
4
(a) {sn} is monotonically decreasing (b) {sn} is monotonically increasing
(c) lim sn   (d) lim sn   [IIT-JAM 2016-MA]
n n

3. Let  xn  be a real sequence such that 7 xn1  xn3  6 for n  1. Then which of the following statements is/are
TRUE? [IIT-JAM 2017-MA]
1 1
(a) If x1  , then  xn  converges to 1 (b) If x1  , then  xn  converges to 2
2 2
3 3
(c) If x1  , then  xn  converges to 1 (d) If x1  , then  xn  converges to –3
2 2
4. Let {an }n1 and {bn }n1 be sequences of real numbers such that {an }n1 is increasing and {bn }n1 is
decreasing. Under which of the following conditions, the sequences {an  bn }n1 is always convergent
(a) {an }n1 and {bn }n1 are bounded sequences [JAM(MS)-2017]
(b) {an }n1 is bounded above
(c) {an }n1 is bounded above and {bn }n1 is bounded below
(d) an   and bn  

5. Let {an } be the sequence of real numbers such that a1  1 and an1  an  an2 for all n  1 . Then
1
(a) a4  a1 (1  a1 )(1  a2 )(1  a3 ) (b) nlim
 a
0 [IIT-JAM-2019]
n

1
(c) nlim
 a
1 (d) nlim

an  0
n


6. Let  xn n  1 be a sequence of real numbers. Pick out the cases which imply that the sequence is Cauchy..

1 1
(a) xn  xn  1  for all n (b) xn  xn  1  for all n [NBHM-2012]
n n2
1
(c) xn  xn  1  for all n
2n
7. Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE? [HCU-2011]
(a) Every bounded sequence of real numbers has a convergent subsequence
(b) If subsequences ( x2 n ) and ( x3n ) of a sequence ( xn ) converges respectively to x and y then x  y
(c) A monotone sequence of real numbers is convergent if and only if it is bounded
(d) A sequence ( xn ) of real numbers is convergent if and only if the sequence (| xn |) is convergent
8. Consider a sequence (an ) of real numbers. Which of the following conditions imply that (an ) is convergent?
1
(a) | an 1  an | , n   [HCU-2013]
n
 1
(b) | an1  an | , n  
3n
(c) an  0, n   and an is monotonically increasing
(d) an  0, n   and an is monotonically decreasing
9. Let   , and (an ) be a real sequence. Then which of the following conditions is equivalent to
'(an )   as n   ' ? [HCU-2015]
(a)  0, n0   such that | an   | 2  whenever n  n0
(b)  0, n0   such that | an   | whenever n  2n0
(c)  0, n0  3 such that | an  am | 2  whenever m, n  n0
(d)  0, n0   such that | an  am | 2  whenever m, n  n0
10. Which of the following sequences converge to e? [HCU-2016]
n
 1   1 1 1
(a) 1   (b)  2    ...  
 2n   2! 3! n!

n n
 1  2n  1 
(c) 1   (d)  
 n  2n  2 

11. Let  xn  be a sequence of positive reals converging to 1. Which of the following sequence converge to 1 ?

(a)  x
n (b) x 
3
n (c)  x1/n
n  (d)  2 xn  1 [HCU-2018]

12. Let (xn) be a sequence of real numbers. Consider the set P  n   : xn  xm for all m   with m  n .
Then which of the following is/are True ? [IIT-JAM-2022]
(a) If P is finite, then (xn) has a monotonically increasing subsequence.
(b) If P is finite, then no subsequence of (xn) is monotonically increasing .
(c) If P is infinite, then (xn) has a monotonically decreasing subsequence .
(d) If P is infinite, then no subsequence of (xn) is monotonically decreasing .
SECTION-C [Numerical Type Questions]
1. Let {an }n1 be a sequence of real numbers such that | an | n , n  1, 2,... Then

 an  2  
lim e n  n sin 
n   n   is equal to_________ [JAM(MS)-2013]
   

n  1 n
2. Let {sn } be a sequence of real numbers given by sn  2( 1)  1   sin , n   . Then the least upper
 n 2
bound of the sequence {sn } is_______. [IIT-JAM 2016-MA]
1/ n
3. Let {sk } be a sequence of real numbers, where sk  k  / k , k  1,   0 . Then lim ( s1 s2 ... sn ) is_______.
n 
 [IIT-JAM 2016-MA]
( 1) n
 1 n2
4. The value of lim  8n   is equal to_______. [IIT-JAM 2016-MA]
n 
 n

5. Let an  n , n  1, and let sn  a1  a2    an . Then [IIT-JAM 2017-MA]

 an / S n 
lim    ___________
n   ln(1  a /S )
 n n 

6. Let ak  (1) k 1 , sn  a1  a2  ...  an and  n  ( s1  s2  ...  sn ) / n, where k , n   .

Then lim
n
n is ____________ (correct upto one decimal place ) [IIT-JAM 2018-MA]

  1 
7. The value of lim n e  n cos(4n)  sin    is ____________ [JAM(MS)-2016]
n 
  4n  
1
8. The value of lim  3n  5n  7n  n is _______. [IIT-JAM-2021]
n

     
9. The value of lim cos   cos   ....cos  n1  is _______ [IIT-JAM-2021]
2 n 4 8 2 

n 2
1 2j
 2n 2 if n  0 is even
 j0
10. Define the sequence Sn   n 1
[IIT-JAM-2021]
1 2j
 2n 2
j0
if n  0 is odd

1 m
Define  m   sn . The number of limit points of the sequence m is _______
m n1

1n
 1 1 1 
11. The value of lim  1  n  n  ... 
n  n

 is equal to _______(round of to two decimal places)
 2 3  2023  
[IIT-JAM 2023-MA]
SECTION-D [True or False]


 1 
1. The value of the infinite product   1  2  is 1. [TIFR-2011]
n2  n 
2. Consider the sequences
n
1
xn  
j 1 j
n
1
yn  
j 1 j2
Then {xn} is Cauchy but {yn} is not. [TIFR-2013]
3. Let x1  (0,1) be a real number between 0 and 1. For n > 1, define xn  1  xn  xnn  1 . Then lim xn exists.
n 
[TIFR-2013]
4.* Suppose {ai} is a sequence in  such that a i xi   whenever x
i   . Then {ai} is a bounded
sequence. [TIFR-2013]
5. Consider the function f ( x )  ax  b with a , b   . Then the iteration
xn  1  f ( xn ); n0
for a given x0 converges to b/(1 – a) whenever 0 < a < 1. [TIFR-2013]
1
6. The inequality n  1  n  is false for all n such that 101  n  2000. [TIFR-2013]
n
7. lim(n  1)1/3  n1/3  . [TIFR-2013]
n 

8.* For any x   , the sequence an  , where a1  x and an 1  cos  an  for all n, is convergent, [TIFR-2017]

9. Let xn be a sequence with the following property: Every subsequence of xn has a further subsequence which
converges to x. Then the sequence xn converges to x. [CMI-2012]
SECTION-E [Subjective Type Questions]
1. Let (an) and (bn) be sequences of real numbers such that an  an  1  bn  1  bn for all n  N . Must there

exists a real number x such that an  x  bn for all n  N ? Justify your answer.. [IIT-JAM 2007-MA]
2. Let f : (0,1)  (0, ) be a uniformly continuous function. If {xn} is a Cauchy sequence in (0, 1), then prove
that  f ( xn ) is a Cauchy sequence in (0,  ) .Hence deduce that for any two Cauchy sequences {xn} and

{yn} in (0, 1),  f ( xn )  f ( yn )  is a Cauchy sequence in (0,  ) . [IIT-JAM 2008-MA]

3.* Consider A contains 100 cc of milk and container B contains 100 cc of water. 5 cc of the liquid in A is
transferred to B, the mixture is thoroughly stirred and 5 cc of the mixture in B is transferred back into A. Each
such two-way transfer is called a dilution. Let an be the percentage of water in container A after n such
dilutions, with the understanding that a0 = 0. [IIT-JAM 2009-MA]
100 100 19
(a) Prove that a1  and that, in general, an   an  1 for n  1, 2, 3,......
21 21 21
n
 19 
(b) Using (a) prove that an  50 1     for n  1, 2, 3,......
  21  
Find lim an and explain why the answer is intuitively obvious.
n 

4. Let 0    4 and let {an} be a sequence of positive real numbers satisfying an  1   an2 (1  an ) for n  N.
Prove that lim an exists and determine this limit. [IIT-JAM 2010-MA]
n 

5.* Let 1  0, 1  1 ;  2  1,  2  1 , and for n  3,

 n   n 1  2 n  2 , [IIT-JAM 2010-MA]
 n   n 1  2  n  2 .
Prove that, for n  N
(i)  n  2 n  ( 1) n 1

(ii)  n   n  2n 1
  n a   n b a  2b
Deduce that lim  for any a, b R .
n  2 n 1 3
1
6. Let {xn} be a sequence in  such that xn  1  xn  2 for all n   . Show that the sequence {xn} is convergent.
n
[IIT-JAM 2012-MA]
7. For each x   , let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Further, for a fixed   (0, 1) ,
1
define an  n    n 2  n for all n  . Show that the sequence {an} converges to .
n
[IIT-JAM 2012-MA]
a 1
8. Let 0  a  1, s1  and for n  , let sn  1   sn2  a  . Show that the sequence {sn} is convergent, and
2 2
find its limit lim Sn  1  1  a .
n 
[IIT-JAM 2013-MA]
9. Let f : (0,1)   be a differentiable function such that | f ( x ) |  5 for all x  (0,1) . Show that the
  1 
sequence  f    converges in  . [IIT-JAM 2014-MA]
  n  1 
10. Evaluate lim
n
 n2  n  n2  1 ?  [NBHM-2005]
1/ n
 1 2  n 
11. Evaluate lim  1   1     1    . [NBHM-2014]
n
 n n  n 
n n n
 1  2  k
 a    a     a  
n  n n
12. Let k be a positive integer. Let a  0 . Evaluate lim  nk
 . [NBHM-2015]
n a
1
1
13. Evaluate : lim   nk1  n  k   n [NBHM-2017]
n  n
14. Let a > 0 be a real number and let k   .Evaluate [NBHM-2017]
n n n
 1  2  k
 a    a   .....  a  
lim  n  n  n
nk
n  a
15. Let a, b  0 [CMI-2011]
n n 1/ n
(a) Prove that lim n  (a  b )  max{a , b}
1
(b) Define a sequence by x1  a, x2  b and xn  ( xn 1  xn 2 ) for n  2 . Show that {xn } is a convergent
2
sequence
 n  i  
  i 1 sin  n  
16. Evaluate lim    . [CMI-2014]
n 
 n 
 

17. Let (amn )m 1,n 1 be a double sequence of real numbers such that [CMI-2015]
 (a) For every n, bn :  mlim

amn exists;

(b) For all strictly increasing sequences ( mk ) k 1 and (nk )k 1 of positive integers, lim amk nk  1 .
k 

Show that the sequence (bn ) n1 converges to 1.

an2  3
18. Let a1  0 and an1  for n  1 [JAM(MS)-2008]
2(an  1)

Show that the sequence {an } converges and find its limit
19. Let f be a differentiable function on (0, 1) such that | f ( x ) | 1, for all x  (0,1) . Show that the sequence
1
{an } defined by an  f   , n  1, 2,... is convergent [JAM(MS)-2009]
n

20. Let {an } and {bn } be sequences of real numbers such that lim an  l and bn  l , for n  1, 2,.... Define
n 

cn  max(an , bn ), n  1, 2,.... Show that lim cn  l [JAM(MS)-2009]

n 

43n sin(n)
21. Find lim . [JAM(MS)-2011]
n  34 n
an  bn 2anbn
22. Let a1  2, b1  1 and for n  1, an1  , bn1  . Show that
2 an  bn

(i) bn  an for all n [JAM(MS)-2012]

(ii) bn 1  bn for all n

(iii) the sequences {an } and {bn } converges to the same limit 2
23. Consider the set S consisting of all Cauchy sequences (an) with an N for all n. Is the set S countable?
Justify your answer. [ISI-2014]
24. Let  xn n be a sequence of real numbers defined as follows: x1 = 1and for all n, xn+1 = (3 + 2xn)/
(3 + xn). [ISI-2016]
(a) Show that there exists    0,1 such that for all n  2 ,

xn1  xn   xn  xn1 .

(b) Prove that xlim xn exists and find its value.


 Sequence of Real Numbers

SECTION-A [Multiple Choice Questions]

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c)

8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c)

15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (d) 21. (c)

22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (b)

29. (a) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (d)

36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (d) 41. (d) 42. (a)

43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (c) 49. (c)

50. (b) 51. (c) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (a,c) 55. (a) 56. (a)

57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (a) 61. (c) 62. (c) 63. (c)

64. (c) 65. (d) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (a) 69. (a) 70. (d)

71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (a) 74. (d) 75. (c) 76. (d) 77. (c)

78. (d) 79. (a) 80. (a) 81. (d) 82. (b) 83. (*) 84. (a)

85. (b) 86. (c) 87. (c) 88. (a) 89. (d) 90. (b) 91. (c)

92. (d) 93. (d) 94. (d) 95. (a) 96. (a) 97. (c) 98. (d)

99. (d) 100. (d) 101. (c) 102. (d) 103. (c) 104. (b) 105.(d)

106. (a) 107. (c) 108. (d) 109. (c) 110. (d) 111. (b) 112. (c)

113. (b)

SECTION-B [Multiple Select Questions]

1. (c,d) 2. (a,c) 3. (a,c) 4. (a,c) 5. (a, b) 6. (b, c) 7. (d)

8. (b,d) 9. (a,b,c,d) 10. (b,c) 11. (a,b,c,d) 12. (a,c)

 SECTION-C [Numerical Type Questions]

1. 1  2 2. 0.5 3. 1 4. 1 99. 1 5. 0.5 6. 0.25 8. (7)

9. (1) 10. (0) 11. (1)

SECTION-D [True or False]

1. (F) 2. (F) 3. (T) 4. (T) 5. (T) 6. (F) 7. (F)

8. (T) 9. (T)

SECTION-E [Subjective Type Questions]

k  k 1 4 k  k 1

3. (50) 4. (0) 10. (1/2) 11. (4/e) 12. e 2a 13.   14. e 2a
e

1  13
16. (2) 18. (1) 21. (0) 23. (Yes) 24. (b)
2