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This article is about the food additive codes. For other uses, see E number (disambiguation). E numbers are number codes for food additives that have been assessed for use within the European Union (the "E" prefix stands for "Europe").[1] They are commonly found on food labels throughout the European Union.[2] Safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority.[3] The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee[4] though only a subset of the INS additives are approved for use in the European Union. E numbers are also encountered on food labelling in other jurisdictions, including the GCC, Australia, New Zealand and Israel. The "E" prefix is omitted in Australia and New Zealand. They are increasingly, though still rarely, found on North American packaging, especially in Canada on imported European products. In casual language in the UK and Ireland, "E number" is used as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E numbers" even though most of the natural ingredients contain components that also have an E number such as vitamin C (E300) or lycopene (E160d). Thus because, for example, vitamin C has an E number (actually several E numbers, 300-305, for different chemical forms of the vitamin), it is impossible to live off a diet without any substances that have E numbers. "Free of E numbers" then simply means that pure forms of the substances are not intentionally added, even though identical substances certainly exist naturally in many foods.

Contents

1 Classification by numeric range 2 Full list o 2.1 E100E199 (colours) o 2.2 E200E299 (preservatives) o 2.3 E300E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators) o 2.4 E400E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers) o 2.5 E500E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents) o 2.6 E600E699 (flavour enhancers) o 2.7 E700E799 (antibiotics) o 2.8 E900E999 (miscellaneous) o 2.9 E1000E1999 (additional chemicals) 3 Notes

4 See also 5 External links

Classification by numeric range

100109 110119 120129 100199 130139 Colours 140149 150159 160199 200209 210219 220229 230239 200299 240259 Preservatives 260269 270279 280289 290299 300305 306309 310319 320329 300399 Antioxidants & acidity 330339 regulators 340349 350359 360369 370399 400409 410419 420429 430439 400499 Thickeners, stabilisers & 440449 emulsifiers 450459 460469 470489 490499 500599 500509 pH regulators & anti-caking 510519 yellows (see the full list) orange reds blues & violets greens browns & blacks gold and others sorbates benzoates sulphites phenols & formates (methanoates) nitrates acetates (ethanoates) lactates propionates (propanoates) others ascorbates (vitamin C) Tocopherol (vitamin E) gallates & erythorbates lactates citrates & tartrates phosphates malates & adipates succinates & fumarates others alginates natural gums other natural agents polyoxyethene compounds natural emulsifiers phosphates cellulose compounds fatty acids & compounds others mineral acids & bases chlorides & sulphates

agents

600699 Flavour enhancers 700799 Antibiotics

520529 530549 550559 570579 580599 620629 630639 640649 710713

sulphates & hydroxides alkali metal compounds silicates stearates & gluconates others glutamates inosinates others

900999 Miscellaneous

11001599 Additional chemicals

900909 waxes 910919 synthetic glazes 920929 improving agents 930949 packaging gases 950969 sweeteners 990999 foaming agents New chemicals that do not fall into standard classification schemes

NB: Not all examples of a class fall into the given numeric range. Moreover, many chemicals, particularly in the E400499 range, have a variety of purposes.

Full list
Each additional has its status:

permitted additionals are labeled with N/A; forbidden additionals were proven to cause diseases beyond any doubt; unpermitted additionals are those for which conclusive test data is not yet available either due to ongoing tests or no testing; dangerous additionals may be dangerous for people with chronic diseases.

E100E199 (colours)
Code Name E100 Curcumin, turmeric E101 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) Purpose food colouring (yellow-orange) food colouring (yellow-orange) food colouring (yellow-orange) food colouring (lemon yellow) Status
N/A N/A N/A

E101a Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate E102 Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5)

Unpermitted

E103 Chrysoine resorcinol E104 Quinoline Yellow WS E105 Fast Yellow AB E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate E107 Yellow 2G Sunset Yellow FCF (Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6)

E110

E111 Orange GGN E120 Cochineal, Carminic acid (carmines, Natural Red 4)

E121 Citrus Red 2

E122 Carmoisine, Azorubine

E123 Amaranth (FD&C Red 2) E124 Ponceau 4R (Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R)

E125 Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN E126 Ponceau 6R E127 Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3) E128 Red 2G E129 Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40)

food colouring Forbidden (golden) food colouring Undergoing a voluntary (dull or greenish phase-out in the UK. yellow) food colouring N/A (yellow) food colouring N/A (yellow) food colouring N/A (yellow) Banned in Finland, Norway & the UK (voluntarily). food colouring Products in the EU require (yellow-orange) warnings and is evaluating a phase-out. food colouring N/A (orange) food colouring N/A (crimson) food colouring Forbidden (dark red) Undergoing a voluntary phase-out in the UK, food colouring currently banned in Canada, (red to maroon) Japan, Norway, USA & Sweden. EU currently evaluating health risks. food colouring Forbidden (dark red) food colouring Unpermitted (red) food colouring N/A (red) food colouring N/A (red) food colouring Unpermitted (red) food colouring Forbidden (red) food colouring Banned in Denmark, (red) Belgium, France, Switzerland & Sweden. Undergoing a voluntary phase out in the UK.

Permitted in the US and by the EU (whilst preserving individual country bans). E130 Indanthrene blue RS E131 E132 E133 E140 food colouring N/A (blue) food colouring Patent Blue V Dangerous[citation needed] (dark blue) food Indigo carmine, FD&C Blue 2 Dangerous[citation needed] colouring(indigo) food colouring N/A Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1) (reddish blue) Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: food colouring N/A (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins (green) Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper food colouring N/A complexes of chlorophylls (ii) (green) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins food colouring Green S Unpermitted (green) food colouring N/A Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3) (sea green) N/A Plain caramel food colouring N/A Caustic sulfite caramel food colouring N/A Ammonia caramel food colouring N/A Sulphite ammonia caramel food colouring N/A Black PN, Brilliant Black BN food colouring N/A Black 7984 food colouring N/A Carbon black, Vegetable carbon food colouring Brown FK (kipper brown) food colouring Unpermitted N/A Brown HT (chocolate brown HT) food colouring Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, N/A food colouring Gamma-carotene Annatto, bixin, norbixin food colouring Dangerous[citation needed] Paprika oleoresin, Capsanthin, N/A food colouring capsorubin N/A Lycopene food colouring N/A Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) food colouring Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic N/A food colouring acid (C 30) N/A Flavoxanthin food colouring N/A Lutein food colouring N/A Cryptoxanthin food colouring

E141

E142 E143 E150a E150b E150c E150d E151 E152 E153 E154 E155 E160a E160b E160c E160d E160e E160f E161a E161b E161c

E161d E161e E161f E161g E161h E161i E161j E162 E163 E170 E171 E172 E173 E174 E175 E180 E181 E182

Rubixanthin Violaxanthin Rhodoxanthin Canthaxanthin Zeaxanthin Citranaxanthin Astaxanthin Beetroot Red, Betanin Anthocyanins Calcium carbonate, Chalk

food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring food colouring Titanium dioxide (pure white) Iron oxides and hydroxides food colouring Aluminium food colouring Silver food colouring Gold food colouring Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK food colouring Tannin food colouring Orcein, Orchil food colouring

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unpermitted
N/A N/A

Unpermitted
N/A N/A

E200E299 (preservatives)
Code E200 E201 E202 E203 E209 E210 E211 E212 E213 E214 E215 E216 E217 E218 E219 Name Purpose Sorbic acid preservative Sodium sorbate preservative Potassium sorbate preservative Calcium sorbate preservative Heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate preservative Benzoic acid preservative Sodium benzoate preservative Potassium benzoate preservative Calcium benzoate preservative Ethylparaben (ethyl parapreservative hydroxybenzoate) Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate preservative Propylparaben (propyl parapreservative hydroxybenzoate) Sodium propyl parapreservative hydroxybenzoate Methylparaben (methyl parapreservative hydroxybenzoate) Sodium methyl parapreservative hydroxybenzoate Status
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unpermitted
N/A N/A N/A

Dangerous
N/A

Forbidden Forbidden
N/A N/A

E220 Sulphur dioxide E221 Sodium sulphite Sodium bisulphite (sodium E222 hydrogen sulphite) E223 Sodium metabisulphite E224 Potassium metabisulphite E225 Potassium sulphite E226 Calcium sulphite Calcium hydrogen sulphite E227 (preservative) E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite E230 Biphenyl, diphenyl E231 Orthophenyl phenol E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol E233 Thiabendazole E234 Nisin E235 Natamycin, Pimaracin E236 Formic acid E237 Sodium formate E238 Calcium formate Hexamine (hexamethylene E239 tetramine) E240 Formaldehyde E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate E249 Potassium nitrite E250 Sodium nitrite E251 Sodium nitrate E252 Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) E260 Acetic acid (preservative) E261 Potassium acetate (preservative) Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate E262 (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate) E263 Calcium acetate (preservative) E264 Ammonium acetate E265 Dehydroacetic acid E266 Sodium dehydroacetate E270 Lactic acid (preservative) (acid) E280 Propionic acid E281 Sodium propionate E282 Calcium propionate E283 Potassium propionate

preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative firming agent preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative preservative

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Dangerous Dangerous[citation needed] Dangerous[citation needed]

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

[citation needed]

Dangerous[citation needed]

preservative Forbidden N/A preservative N/A preservative N/A preservative N/A preservative N/A preservative N/A acidity regulator N/A acidity regulator preservative, acidity regulator acidity regulator preservative preservative preservative antioxidant preservative preservative preservative preservative
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E284 E285 E290 E296 E297

Boric acid Sodium tetraborate (borax) Carbon dioxide Malic acid (acid) Fumaric acid

preservative preservative acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E300E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)

Code E300 E301 E302 E303 E304 E305 E306 E307 E308 E309 E310 E311 E312 E313 E314 E315 E316 E317 E318 E319[citation
needed]

Name Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) Sodium ascorbate Calcium ascorbate Potassium ascorbate Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate (ii) Ascorbyl stearate Tocopherol-rich extract (natural) Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) Propyl gallate Octyl gallate Dodecyl gallate Ethyl gallate Guaiac resin Erythorbic acid Sodium erythorbate Erythorbin acid Sodium erythorbin tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) Lecithin Anoxomer Ethoxyquin Sodium lactate Potassium lactate (antioxidant) Calcium lactate Ammonium lactate Magnesium lactate Citric acid

Purpose antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant antioxidant emulsifier antioxidant antioxidant acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acid, acidity

Status
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E320 E321 E322 E323 E324 E325 E326 E327 E328 E329 E330

E331

E332

E333 E334 E335 E336 E337 E338 E339

E340

E341

E342

regulator Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) acidity regulator Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) acidity regulator Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate) acidity Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium regulator, citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) firming agent, Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate) sequestrant Tartaric acid (L(+)-) (acid) Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium acidity regulator tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of acidity regulator tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate Sodium potassium tartrate acidity regulator Orthophosphoric acid acid Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) antioxidant Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) antioxidant Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate Calcium phosphates (i) anti-caking Monocalcium phosphate (ii) agent, firming Dicalcium phosphate (iii) agent Tricalcium phosphate Ammonium phosphates: (i) monoammonium phosphate (ii) diammonium phosphate Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate anti-caking agent

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

E343[citation
needed]

This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
N/A N/A N/A N/A

E344 E345 E349 E350

Lecitin citrate acidity regulator Magnesium citrate acidity regulator Ammonium malate acidity regulator Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate acidity regulator (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate

E351 E352 E353 E354 E355 E356 E357 E359 E363 E365 E366 E367 E368 E370 E375 E380 E381 E383 E384 E385 E386 E387 E388 E389 E390 E391 E399

Potassium malate Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate Metatartaric acid Calcium tartrate Adipic acid Sodium adipate Potassium adipate Ammonium adipate Succinic acid Sodium fumarate Potassium fumarate Calcium fumarate Ammonium fumarate 1,4-Heptonolactone Niacin (nicotinic acid), Nicotinamide Triammonium citrate Ammonium ferric citrate Calcium glycerylphosphate Isopropyl citrate Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA) Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Disodium EDTA) Oxystearin Thiodipropionic acid Dilauryl thiodipropionate Distearyl thiodipropionate Phytic acid Calcium lactobionate

acidity regulator acidity regulator emulsifier emulsifier acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator colour retention agent acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator sequestrant sequestrant stabiliser

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unpermitted Unpermitted
N/A N/A N/A

E400E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers)

Code Name Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) E400 (gelling agent) Sodium alginate (thickener) E401 (stabiliser) (gelling agent) Potassium alginate (thickener) E402 (stabiliser) (gelling agent) Purpose emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier Status
N/A N/A N/A

E403 E404 E405 E406 E407 E407a E408 E409 E410 E411 E412 E413 E414 E415 E416 E417 E418 E419 E420 E421

Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser) Agar (thickener) (gelling agent) Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) Bakers yeast glycan Arabinogalactan Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) Oat gum (thickener) Guar gum (thickener) Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser) Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser) Xanthan gum (thickener) Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser) Tara gum (thickener) Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser) Gum ghatti (thickener) (stabiliser) Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener) Mannitol (anti-caking agent)[citation
needed]

emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier stabiliser emulsifier emulsifier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

emulsifier stabiliser stabiliser emulsifier emulsifier stabiliser emulsifier stabiliser emulsifier emulsifier humectant sweetener sweetener Unpermitted emulsifier Unpermitted

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E422 Glycerol (emulsifier) E424 Curdlan Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac E425 glucomannane E426 Soybean hemicellulose E429 Peptones Polyoxyethene (8) stearate E430 (emulsifier) E431 Polyoxyethene (40) stearate Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan E432 monolaurate (polysorbate 20)

N/A

stabiliser emulsifier emulsifier

N/A N/A N/A

E433 E434 E435 E436 E440 E441 E442 E443 E444 E445 E446

E450

E451

E452

E459 E460 E461 E462 E463 E464 E465 E466

Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan emulsifier monooleate (polysorbate 80) Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan emulsifier monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan emulsifier monostearate (polysorbate 60) Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan emulsifier tristearate (polysorbate 65) Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated emulsifier pectin Gelatine (emulsifier) gelling agent Ammonium phosphatides emulsifier Brominated vegetable oil Sucrose acetate isobutyrate emulsifier Glycerol esters of wood rosins emulsifier Succistearin Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium emulsifier diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate Triphosphates (i) Sodium triphosphate (pentasodium emulsifier triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium emulsifier calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphosphates (v) Ammonium Polyphosphate Beta-cyclodextrine emulsifier Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline emulsifier cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose Methyl cellulose emulsifier Ethyl cellulose emulsifier Hydroxypropyl cellulose emulsifier Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, = emulsifier hypromellose Ethyl methyl cellulose emulsifier Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium emulsifier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

carboxy methyl cellulose E467 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose E468 Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl emulsifier cellulose (Croscarmellose) Enzymically hydrolysed emulsifier carboxymethylcellulose Salts of fatty acids with base Al, Ca, Na, Mg, K and NH4 Sodium, potassium and calcium anti-caking agent salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) Magnesium salts of fatty acids anti-caking agent (emulsifier) Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, emulsifier glyceryl distearate) Acetic acid esters of mono- and emulsifier diglycerides of fatty acids Lactic acid esters of mono- and emulsifier diglycerides of fatty acids Citric acid esters of mono- and emulsifier diglycerides of fatty acids Tartaric acid esters of mono- and emulsifier diglycerides of fatty acids Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of emulsifier fatty acids Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty emulsifier acids Succinylated monoglycerides emulsifier Sucrose esters of fatty acids emulsifier Sucroglycerides emulsifier Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids emulsifier Polyglycerol polyricinoleate emulsifier Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of emulsifier fatty acids Lactylated fatty acid esters of emulsifier glycerol and propane-1 Thermally oxidized soya bean oil emulsifier interacted with mono- and

N/A

This additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E469 E470 E470a E470b E471 E472a E472b E472c E472d E472e E472f E472g E473 E474 E475 E476 E477 E478 E479b

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E480 E481 E482 E483 E484 E485 E486 E487 E488 E489 E490 E491 E492 E493 E494 E495 E496 E497 E498 E499

diglycerides of fatty acids Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate Stearyl tartrate Stearyl citrate Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate Sodium laurylsulphate Ethoxylated Mono- and DiGlycerides Methyl Glucoside - Coconut Oil Ester Propane-1,2-diol Sorbitan monostearate Sorbitan tristearate Sorbitan monolaurate Sorbitan monooleate Sorbitan monopalmitate Sorbitan trioleat Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polymers Partial polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil Cassia gum

emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E500E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents)

Code Name Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate E500 (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator) Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium E501 bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate) Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) E503 Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate) Purpose raising agent Status

N/A

acidity regulator

N/A

acidity regulator

N/A

E504 E505 E507 E508 E509 E510 E511 E512 E513 E514 E515 E516 E517 E518 E519 E520 E521 E522 E523 E524 E525 E526 E527 E528 E529 E530 E535 E536 E537 E538 E539 E540

Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium hydrogen carbonate Ferrous carbonate Hydrochloric acid Potassium chloride (gelling agent) Calcium chloride (sequestrant) Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator) Magnesium chloride Stannous chloride Sulphuric acid Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) Potassium Sulphates (i) Potassium Sulphate (ii) Calcium sulphate Ammonium sulphate Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator) Copper(II) sulphate Aluminium sulphate Aluminium sodium sulphate Aluminium potassium sulphate Aluminium ammonium sulphate Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator) Ammonium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium oxide (acidity regulator) Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator) Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator) Potassium ferrocyanide Ferrous hexacyanomanganate Calcium ferrocyanide Sodium thiosulphate Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator)

acidity regulator, anti-caking agent acidity regulator acid seasoning firming agent improving agent firming agent antioxidant acid acid Unpermitted

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

improving agent firming agent preservative firming agent firming agent acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator acidity regulator firming agent acidity regulator acidity regulator improving agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A anti-caking agent anti-caking agent Unpermitted N/A anti-caking agent N/A antioxidant

emulsifier

N/A

E541 E542 E543 E544 E545 E550 E551 E552 E553a E553b E554 E555 E556 E557 E558 E559 E560 E561 E562 E563 E565 E566 E570 E572 E574 E575 E576 E577 E578 E579 E580 E585 E586 E598 E599

Sodium aluminium phosphate (i) Acidic (ii) Basic Bone phosphate (Essentiale Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic) Calcium sodium polyphosphate Calcium polyphosphate Ammonium polyphosphate Sodium Silicates (i) Sodium silicate (ii) Sodium metasilicate Silicon dioxide (Silica) Calcium silicate (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate Talc Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) Potassium aluminium silicate Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) Zinc silicate Bentonite Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) Potassium silicate Vermiculite Sepiolite Sepiolitic clay Lignosulphonates Natrolite-phonolite Stearic acid (Fatty acid) Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier) Gluconic acid Glucono delta-lactone (acidity regulator) Sodium gluconate Potassium gluconate Calcium gluconate Ferrous gluconate Magnesium gluconate Ferrous lactate 4-Hexylresorcinol Synthetic calcium aluminates Perlite

emulsifier anti-caking agent emulsifier emulsifier emulsifier anti-caking agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent anti-caking agent

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

anti-caking agent Unpermitted N/A anti-caking agent N/A anti-caking agent N/A anti-caking agent
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

anti-caking agent anti-caking agent acidity regulator sequestrant sequestrant sequestrant firming agent food colouring food colouring antioxidant

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E600E699 (flavour enhancers)

Code E620 E621 E622 E623 E624 E625 E626 E627 E628 E629 E630 E631 E632 E633 E634 E635 E636 E637 E640 E641 E642 E650 Name Glutamic acid Monosodium glutamate (MSG) Monopotassium glutamate Calcium diglutamate Monoammonium glutamate Magnesium diglutamate Guanylic acid Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate Dipotassium guanylate Calcium guanylate Inosinic acid Disodium inosinate Dipotassium inosinate Calcium inosinate Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides Maltol Ethyl maltol Glycine and its sodium salt L-leucine Lysine hydrochloride Zinc acetate Purpose Status flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer flavour enhancer
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

E700E799 (antibiotics)
Code E700 E701 E702 E703 E704 E705 E706 E707 E708 E710 E711 E712 Name Purpose [citation needed] Bacitracin Tetracyclines[citation needed] Chlortetracycline[citation needed] Oxytetracycline[citation needed] Oleandomycin[citation needed] Penicillin-G-potassium[citation needed] Penicillin-G-sodium[citation needed] Penicillin-G-procaine[citation needed] Penicillin-G-benzathyne[citation needed] Spiramycins[citation needed] Virginiamicins[citation needed] Flavophospholipol[citation needed] Status
N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A

E713 E714 E715 E716 E717

Tylosin[citation needed] Monensin[citation needed] Avoparcin[citation needed] Salinomycin[citation needed] Avilamycin[citation needed]

N/A

E900E999 (miscellaneous)
Code Name Dimethyl polysiloxane (antiE900 foaming agent) E901 Beeswax , white and yellow E902 Candelilla wax E903 Carnauba wax E904 Shellac E905 Paraffins E905a Mineral oil E905b Petrolatum Petroleum wax (i)Microcrystalline E905c wax (ii) Paraffin wax E906 Gum benzoic E907 Crystalline wax E908 Rice bran wax E909 Spermaceti wax E910 Wax esters E911 Methyl esters of fatty acids E912 Montan wax E913 Lanolin, sheep wool grease E914 Oxidized polyethylene wax E915 Esters of colophony E916 Calcium iodate E917 Potassium iodate E918 Nitrogen oxides E919 Nitrosyl chloride E920 L-cysteine E921 L-cystine E922 Potassium persulfate E923 Ammonium persulfate E924 Potassium bromate E924b Calcium bromate E925 Chlorine Purpose anti-caking agent glazing agent glazing agent glazing agent glazing agent anti-foaming agent glazing agent Status
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A flavour enhancer N/A glazing agent N/A glazing agent N/A glazing agent N/A glazing agent N/A glazing agent glazing agent Unpermitted N/A glazing agent glazing agent Unpermitted N/A glazing agent Unpermitted Unpermitted Unpermitted Unpermitted N/A improving agent N/A improving agent improving agent Unpermitted improving agent Unpermitted N/A improving agent improving agent Unpermitted preservative, Unpermitted

E926 E927a E927b E928 E929 E930 E938 E939 E940 E941 E942 E943a E943b E944 E945 E946 E948 E949 E950 E951 E952 E953 E954 E955 E956 E957 E958 E959 E960 E961 E962 E965 E966 E967

bleach, improving agent Chlorine dioxide (preservative) bleach Unpermitted N/A Azodicarbonamide improving agent N/A Carbamide (urea) improving agent N/A Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent) bleach Acetone peroxide Unpermitted Calcium peroxide (improving N/A bleach agent) N/A Argon packaging gas N/A Helium packaging gas Dichlorodifluoromethane packaging gas Rarely used N/A Nitrogen (packaging gas) propellant N/A Nitrous oxide propellant N/A Butane propellant N/A Isobutane propellant N/A Propane propellant N/A Chloropentafluoroethane propellant N/A Octafluorocyclobutane propellant N/A Oxygen packaging gas N/A Hydrogen packaging gas N/A Acesulfame potassium sweetener Aspartame sweetener Cyclamic acid and its sodium and N/A calcium salts, also known as sweetener Cyclamate N/A Isomalt, Isomaltitol sweetener Saccharin and its sodium, potassium N/A sweetener and calcium salts N/A Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) sweetener N/A Alitame sweetener N/A Thaumatin (sweetener) flavour enhancer N/A Glycyrrhizin (sweetener) flavour enhancer Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone N/A flavour enhancer (sweetener) N/A Stevioside sweetener N/A Neotame sweetener Aspartame-acesulfame salt N/A stabiliser (sweetener) Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol N/A humectant syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser) N/A Lactitol sweetener N/A Xylitol sweetener

E968 Erythritol E999 Quillaia extract

humectant foaming agent

N/A N/A

E1000E1999 (additional chemicals)

Code Name E1000 Cholic acid E1001 Choline salts E1100 Amylase E1101 E1102 E1103 E1104 E1105 E1200 E1201 E1202 E1203 E1204 E1400 E1401 E1402 E1403 E1404 E1405 E1410 E1411 E1412 E1413 E1414 E1420 Proteases ((i)Protease, (ii)Papain, (iii)Bromelain, (iv)Ficin) Glucose oxidase Invertase Lipases Lysozyme Purpose Status emulsifier emulsifier stabiliser, flavour enhancer stabiliser, flavour enhancer antioxidant stabiliser
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

preservative stabiliser, Polydextrose thickening agent, humectant, carrier Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabiliser Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier) stabiliser Polyvinyl alcohol Pullulan Dextrin (Dextrins, roasted starch thickening agent white and yellow) (stabiliser) Modified starch ((Acid-treated thickening agent starch) stabiliser) Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser) thickening agent Bleached starch (stabiliser) thickening agent Oxidized starch (emulsifier) thickening agent Enzyme treated starch Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser) thickening agent Distarch glycerol (thickening agent) emulsifier Distarch phosphate esterified with sodium trimetasphosphate; thickening agent esterified with phosphorus oxychloride (stabiliser) Phosphated distarch phosphate thickening agent (stabiliser) Acetylated distarch phosphate thickening agent (emulsifier) Starch acetate esterified with acetic thickening agent anhydride (stabiliser)

N/A N/A N/A

E1421 E1422 E1423 E1430 E1440 E1441 E1442 E1443 E1450 E1451 E1501 E1502 E1503 E1504 E1505 E1510 E1516 E1517 E1518 E1519 E1520 E1521 E1525

Starch acetate esterified with vinyl acetate (stabiliser) Acetylated Distarch Adipate (stabiliser) Acetylated distarch glycerol Distarch glycerine (stabiliser) Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier) Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser) Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser) Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerol Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser) Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier) Benzylated hydrocarbons Butane-1, 3-diol Castor oil Ethyl acetate Triethyl citrate Ethanol Glyceryl monoacetate Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin Benzyl alcohol Propylene glycol Polyethylene glycol 8000 [5] Hydroxyethyl cellulose

thickening agent thickening agent thickening agent thickening agent thickening agent thickening agent thickening agent

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

thickening agent thickening agent

N/A N/A N/A N/A

resolving agent flavour solvent foam stabiliser flavour solvent flavour solvent humectant humectant thickening agent

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A