HL760-7A WHEEL LOADER

Presented by B.R. Son

After Sales & service department of HHI

After sales & service department 1

1. Engine (QSB6.7)

Item Specification

Model Cummins QSB6.7

Control type ECM

Number of cylinder 6 cylinders

Firing order 1-5-3-6-2-4

Cylinder bore x stroke 104 x 132mm

Piston displacement 6,700cc

Rated gross horse 218PS at 2100rpm

power
Engine oil 24ℓ

Rated fuel 170.0g/ps.h at

consumption 1900rpm

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 2. Engine for HL760-7A and HL760-7

Items HL760-7A HL760-7 Remarks

Model QSB6.7 QSB5.9-C

Fuel Injection
HPCR VP44
Pump

Displacement 6.700cc 5,880cc 14% up

Rated Power 218PS at 2100rpm 175PS at 2200rpm 25% up

Rated fuel
170g/ps.h 166g/ps.h
Consumption

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 3. Fuel Injection Pump

Injection Pump for HPCR Mechanical Injection Pump

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 4. Advantage of HPCR Fuel System

※ High Pressure Common Rail Fuel System

※ Simple pump to build up pressure
※ Small/simple lines deliver fuel to injectors
※ Reliability enhanced
- Simple pump, experience with electronic injectors
※ Improved cold start time
- Reduced from 10 to 3 seconds

After sales & service department 5

 5. Engine RPM Control System

1) The accel’ signal of accelerator

Register Signal
Normal 0.4 ∼ 3.9Volt
40Ω added 0.3 ∼ 3.6Volt
90Ω added 0.3 ∼ 3.3Volt

2) Electric Circuit for accelerator

1.White : Signal
2. Orange : 5Volt
3. Black : GND

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3) Engine Load Test
Test Idle Stall
Condition Low High Pump Converter Full
rpm 800±25 2230±50 2100±70 2110±75 1670±100

4) The condition of Load Test

Stall Test Condition Description

Pump Bucket relief
Converter Engaged forward and 2 Gear
Full Bucket Relief & Engaged forward and 2 gear

After sales & service department 7

 6. Error Code 132
1) Description
Code No Description Reaction
132 * Accel’ Pedal Position Sensor Signal is low * Severe derate in power
- Pin No 09 : below 0.2Volt output of engine
- Spec’ : 0.4 ∼ 4.5Volt * Limp home capability only

2) Measuring Points
(1) Pedal Position Signal Pin No 09:
Accel Pedal
Items
Depressed Released
Signal 4.5 0.4

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 3) Example case

1) Trouble description.
; The accel’ pedal has been replaced 2 times
but error 132 was displayed again

2) Possible Cause
: The accel’ Pedal cannot be returned
when released due to the foot carpet

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 4) Related Error codes

Code No Description Reaction

131 * Accel’ Pedal Position Sensor Signal is high * Severe derate in power
- Pin No 09 : below 4.75Volt output of engine
- Spec’ : 0.4 ∼ 4.5Volt * Limp home capability only
387 * Power Supply voltage is high
- Pin No 22: Above 5.25Volt
- Spec’ 4.75 ∼ 5.25Volt
431 * Idle validation Signal * On signal : Pin No: 11
- Both On and Off signal supply to ECM * Off signal : 01
432 * Idle validation on & off Signal doesn’t match
with position signal, logical error

551 * Idle Validation signal is error

- Both signal is 0Volt

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 5) Error code 432

(1) When on idle validation signal, pin no 11 is 0 volt,

the position signal should be below 0.4 volt

(2) When off idle validation signal, pin no 01 is 0 volt,

the position signal should be above 0.4 volt,
if not error code 432 show you

After sales & service department 11

 7. Engine Mode

1) For 7A Series
- 2 modes : STD and Econo Mode

2) For 9 Series
- 3 modes : Power, STD and Econo Mode
E S P
● ●
●
P(Power) Mode
Torque
S(Standard) Mode
E(Econo) Mode

rpm

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8. Full Automatic Transmission
Items Specification
Model 4WG190
Type Full-automatic
power shift
Gear Shift Forward : Fourth
Reverse : Third

Direction Speed (Km/h)

Forward 1 gear 7.4
2 gear 12.1
3 gear 23.7
4 gear 37.0
Reverse 1 gear 7.8
2 gear 12.8
3 gear 25.0
After sales & service department 13
 9. Location of Sensors for Transmission

Eng’ pick Inter gear

up sensor sensor

Turbine
sensor

Connector
for control
Valve
T/mission
Oil temp’
sensor

Output
sensor

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 10. Hydraulic circuit of Control Valve

F E D C B A

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6

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11. Electric circuit for Transmission
Forward Reverse Neutral K

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 D

AD1 ● ● ● ● ● ●

AD2 ● ● ● ● ● ●

AD3 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

AD4 ● ● ● ●

AD5 ● ● ● ●

AD6 ● ● ● ●

AD7 ●

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 12. Measuring point of Control Valve
K : Main Pressure :
16Kg/㎠

Forward Reverse
Speed Clutch Port
Y6 A F Y1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
Y1 ★ K4 F
E
Y2 ★ ★ ★ KR E
Y5 B Y2
D Y3 ★ ★ K1 D
Y4 C Y3 Y4 ★ ★ ★ K3 C
Y5 ★ ★ ★ KV B
Y6 ★ ★ K2 A
Clut KV, KV, KV, K3, KR, KR, KR,
ch K1 K2 K3 K4 K1 K2 K3

※ The pressure for clutch piston : 16.0±2Kg/㎠

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 13. Transmission Control Valve

Damper

Orifice

Solenoid
Valve

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 14. Adjustment of Plate clearance

1. Measure the Plate Gap

Press on the end shim with about 10Kg

And apply a dial indicator and set it at
Zero

Push the end shim by a screw driver and

read the plate clearance.

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 15. Adjustment of Plate clearance

1. Measure the Plate Gap

2. Snap Ring
- STD : 2.55mm
- Option : 2.1 to 4.2mm

3. Gap of Specification

Clutch Specification
KV, KR 2.7mm±0.2
K1 2.4mm±0.2
K2,K3 1.8mm+0.2
K4 1.2mm+0.2

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 16. Operation of Transmission

※ When selected,
in 1st forward,

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 17. Structure of transmission

Torque
KR Clutch
converter

K4 Clutch

K1 Clutch

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 18. Proportional valve

: During shifting 2nd to 1st, Clutch pressure & Electric Current.

K2 (Press) K1 (Press)

Amp 1 Amp 2
1) Clutch Neutral
at 100 mA
2) Clutch Active:
at 500 mA

After sales & service department 23

 19. New Monitor

No Meaning Description
1 Monitoring Information Job timer, odometer, hyd’ temp’, coolant temp’ etc
2 State information Buzzer, fan state, options, warming up
3 Wiper display
4 Actual gear display
5 Selected gear display
6 Fault Code
7 Engine rpm
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 20. Service Brake and Pressure Switch

1) Pressure Switch

-Brake System Warn: 95Kg/㎠

-Parking Brake Release: 25 Kg/㎠
-Brake Rear Lamp: 7Kg/㎠
-Clutch Cut off: 25 Kg/㎠

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 21. Clutch cut off switch

Clutch Cut
off switch

Clutch cut Applied for the

Items Result
switch on brake pedal
Pin No 10 66 The Forward & Reverse
Clutch is disconnected, displayed to
Signal 24Volt 24Volt
Neutral
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 22. Error code 50, 51, 52, 53

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL770-7A 769 341 Error code 50 appeared 1) Replaced the MCU but again
- Auto Select Switch is 2) Harness between MCU and
short to Power TUC was disconnected

2) The reason of the problem

The connector of harness between the
MCU and TCU was disconnected
3) Relative error code
Error No Description
51 Auto Select Switch short to GND

52 Clutch Cut off Switch short to

Power
53 Clutch Cut off Switch short to GND
After sales & service department 27
(4) About Error Code 50 and 51
Switch CN58, #11 CN58, #17 If Not

Auto 24Volt 24Volt Error 50

Manual 0Volt 0Volt Error 51

Electric Diagram to detect

(5) About Error Code 52 and 53

Switch CN58, #10 CN58, #29 If Not

Clutch Cut on 24Volt 24Volt Error 52

Clutch Cut off 0Volt 0Volt Error 53
After sales & service department 28
 23. Remote Cooling Fan.

1. Fan Type : Kysor Sucker 36 inch Fan

2. Maximum fan speed : 1150rpm
3. Operating : Electric control hydraulic motor
Fan cooling
4. Controlled by : - Coolant temperature (above 70℃)
- Intake air temperature
- Hydraulic oil temperature
- Transmission oil temperature

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 24. Adjustment of the speed Cooling Fan
※ How to adjust the pressure.
1) condition.
- High rpm.
- Disconnect the connector of EPPR valve
2) Adjust the pressure.
- At above condition, adjust
the screw to be 110Kg/㎠.

Fan
Clutch
Valve

Adjustable
screw After sales & service department 30
 25. Cooling Fan Reverse
2. Electric Circuit

1. Hyd’ Circuit

3. Notices
1) recover forward 5 minutes after selecting reverse automatically
2) Air con’ system will be switch off during reversing (Forward : off, Reverse : On)
3) If selected, fan speed is selected to min, reverse sol’ will be energized
after 20 seconds After sales & service department 31
 26. Cooling Fan System

Electric Circuit

Hydraulic Circuit

After sales & service department 32

 27. Adjustment of Fan speed

1) Adjust the cooling Fan speed

110Kg/㎠
- controlled by adjust bolt

680mA

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 28. Overheating

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL770-7A 1074 70 Hydro Oil Overheating 1) Replaced bellow parts
LOGIC - Fan Motor, Fan & Brake Pump
Venezuela - By passy Valve

2) Comments
1) Poor trouble Shooting
- all components for Cooling System would be replaced without any correct evidences
2) Follow Trouble Shooting
- Measure the hydro oil Press
- Measure the RPM of Cooling Fan depend on Eng’ RPM

After sales & service department 34

 29. Other factors

◆ Transmission oil temperature (Sump : 105℃, out : 120℃)

Over 90℃ : fan speed –Fully open (constant 1150 rpm)
Below 90℃ : fan speed – not control (depend on coolant temp)

◆ Hydraulic oil temperature

Over 95℃ : fan speed –Fully open (constant 1150 rpm)
Below 95℃ : fan speed – not control (depend on coolant temp)

◆ Intake air temperature

Over 70℃ : fan speed –Fully open (constant 1150 rpm)
Below 70℃ : fan speed – Not control (depend on coolant temp)
(at ambient temperature 25℃)

After sales & service department 35

 30. Cooling Fan speed

1) Specifications of speed
Model Cooling fan Speed Remarks
HL740-7A 1050rpm 7 Series : 1150rpm
HL760-7A
HL770-7A 1000rpm

2) Conditions of Test
- At max engine rpm and max accept pedal
3) Temperature for warning and error
Temperature Remarks
Sump Tank Oil Cooler
Warning 103℃ 105℃
Error 117℃ 120℃
After sales & service department 36
 31. Protection for the transmission

 Logical Gear Shifting by Considering

- Speeds of engine, turbine, central gear, output shaft
- Three temperatures ranges of transmission oil :
- Below -30oC : T/M neutral
- 30oC ~ -10oC : Forward/Reverse 1st & 2nd possible
- 10oC ~ : Normal operation.
- 107℃ above : turn on warning lamp, shift to neutral.

 Turn the parking brake switch on, the machine is stopped.

Select Signal Description Remarks

turn on the switch TCU Pin No 21 Forward & Reverse clutch
(24Volt) will be disconnected
※ In case, the temperature of coolant is below 30℃,The warm up system
will be operated only when parking brake turned on.

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32. Main Pump

After sales & service department 38

 33. Pilot supply unit for RCV

Relieve valve
(45Kg/㎠)

Reducing
Vlave(30Kg/㎠) Pilot supply
unit
After sales & service department 39
 34. Cut off Valve for Service Brake

Pressure switch for

Pressure switch for parking Brake released
Brake warning (95Kg/㎠)
(95Kg/㎠)

Parking
Solenoid
valve

Cut off valve

(120∼150Kg/㎠) Relief Valve
(175Kg/㎠)
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 35. Cut off Valve for Service Brake

1. Cut off (150Kg/㎠ ) : F1 + F2 ＞ Fs + F3

2. Cut In (120Kg/㎠ ) : F1 ＜ Fs (F2 = F3 : 0Kg/㎠)

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36. Electric system for Parking Brake
The monitor is operated by
the signal of pressure switch

After sales & service department 42

 37. Parking Brake Disc Worn out
1) Machine and Problems
Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL760-7A 1010 85 Parking Brake slide down 1) Replaced Parking Brake Disc
Canella - Parking Brake Disc worn out

2) The Packing Brake Disc and Pad worn out

(1) Showing P

3) Possible Causes Brake Disc worn out

(1) Traveling with unreleased Parking Brake If happened
(2) De-energized Packing sol’ Valve
(2) Buzzer Sound
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 4) Same Problem happened

Model S/No Hour Description Dealer’s Decision

HL760-7A 1010 1360 the parking brake does not 1) replaced selenoid because
Canella function properly piston not return to activate
the parking brake.

5) Comments
(1) If the parking sol’ valve doesn’t be operated,
when traveling, buzzer will turn on so operator
can realize parking brake didn’t be released
(2) If could not find out the real cause of the
problem, same problem will be happened again

Replaced Parking
Solenoid valve

After sales & service department 44

 38. MCV

Boom

Bucket

Aux

After sales & service department Main Relief Valve 45

 39. Trouble Shooting

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL760-7A 1370 121 The boom going down while pushing 1) Load Check valve was
RCV backward with a little touch replaced

2) The reason of the problem

(1) When pushing RCV lever backward with a little
the center bypass passage will be closed,
the load check valve has to be closed
until increasing press inside of high press passage
more than press of Boom cylinder

After sales & service department 46

 40. Pressure ports and Values
1. Pressure values.
Model Main Bucket Boom Steering Pilot Service Cut off Transmis
relief lift Brake valve sion
HL757-7 210 240 240 210 30 Max 80 120/150 16/18
HL760-7 210 240 240 210 30 Max 80 120/150 16/18
HL770-7 210 240 240 210 30 Max 80 120/150 16/18

2. Pressure check ports.

Main Pilot Steering Service Brake

After sales & service department 47
 41. Front & Rear Axle for 7A & 7

Z.F Axle for 7A Volvo Axle for 7

Axle Model
Model Remarks
7A 7
Front MT-L-3085 LF14
HL757-7
Rear MT-L-3075 LR14
Front MT-L-3095 LF18
HL760-7
Rear MT-L-3085 LR18
Front MT-L-3105 LF22
HL770-7
Rear MT-L-3095 LR22
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 42. Wear Measurement of Brake Disc

1. Thickness of inner Clutch Disc

- X : Min 4.0mm

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 43. Axial Play for Planetary Carrier

1. Gap of the Axial Play

- Spec’ : 0.3 ∼ 1.0mm

2. Example to adjust the Axial Play

- Test result : 260.65 – 255.70 = 4.95 260.65mm
- Required Axial Play (Average) : 0.75mm
- 4.95 – 0.75= 4.20mm

3. Required Thrust washer

- 4.0mm

255.70mm

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44. Gap for Parking Brake (Z.F)

1. Adjust the Gap

- turn the adjusting screw
clockwise until both brake
pads contact and then turn it
anticlockwise

2. The specification of the Gap

Gap (mm) Turns

Min 1.0 2/5
STD 2.0 4/5
Max 3.0 1 + 1/5
Adjust Nut

After sales & service department 51

 45. Differential of LSD and Conventional

Conventional Diff’

LSD Diff’ After sales & service department 52

 46. Differential Gear for LSD

1) Adjusting Gap A
1) measure Gap A by thickness gauge
2) inset or exchange
discs until Gap A is below 0.1mm
2) Gear Oil for LSD
- LS Disc should ship when steering,
to avoid wearing of LS Disc, Gear oil
for LSD should be used.

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 47. Differential Gear when traveling

When traveling straight When turning to the right

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 48. Center Pivot Pin

1. adjusting gap “A”

1) put cover without shims
2) slightly tighten bolts
3) insert shims until Gap “A”
is 0.1∼0.2mm
4) apply #243 loctite on all
bolts and fix the cover
with 25.4-34.2Kgf-m.

After sales & service department 55

 49. Center Pivot Pin

※ adjusting gap “B”

1) put cover without shims
2) slightly tighten bolts
3) insert shims until Gap “A”
is 0.1∼0.2mm
4) apply #243 loctite on all
bolts and fix the cover
with 25.4-34.2Kgf-m.

After sales & service department 56

 50. Steering Cylinder Pin

1. The gap of steering cylinder 2. Shim’s Part number and their Spec’
- The gap : 0.5mm for upper and low 1) For Upper shim

P/No Dimensions
31LB-30620 0.5t
31LB-30630 1.0t

2) For Low shim

Upper Gap
P/No Dimensions
31L9-30170 0.5t
31L9-30180 1.0t
Low Gap

57
51. Rear Axle Support for 7A
※ Dimensions (mm)
1) Disc : 15±0.1
2) Thrust Washer : 6.0±0.1
3) Shim : 0.5t

After sales & service department 58

 52. Steering System

1) Working Order
Point Description
1 Move to Right
2 Oil flow to main
3 Move to right
4 First move to left and oil
flow through a hole and
move to right
continuously

※ Return oil control To MCV

System

After sales & service department 59

2) Structure

Metering Spool
Main
Spool

Reducing After sales & service department 60

Valve Priority Valve
 Trouble Shooting 1

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL760-7A 1361 276 * Machine is steering without operator * Replaced Steering
HL757-7A 562 722 command Valve Assy’
HL757-7A 568 588 - difficult to steering to LH
Razac, Brazil - steering itself to RH side

2) Dealer’s decision
(1) It was necessary replaced the steering valve to solve
the problem since we cannot open to replace or
repair
(2) It was replaced the steering valve and the problem
was solved

After sales & service department 61

3) To turn without steering
(1) Main Spool should be open and stuck
(2) Metering Spool should be open and stuck

4) If stuck steering unit,

(1) Steering unit is turning itself

5) Measuring Point
- High Press of A Port : Open Main Spool
- High Press of B Port : Closed Metering
Spool

After sales & service department 62

 Trouble Shooting 2

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL760-7A 1153 175 * Hard to turn steering wheel * Replaced Steering
Razac, Brazil - difficult to steering to LH Valve Assy’
- steering itself to RH side
- Steering Press : 140Bar (Spec’ 210Bar)

2) Dealer’s decision
(1) Removed and disassembled Steering Valve
and clean all components but happened again
(2) After replacing it, under good condition

After sales & service department 63

3) How to adjust Hydro Press of Steering System
(1) Adjust the adjust Screw : 210Bar
(2) Disassemble and clean the adjust screw

Adjust
screw

Adjust
After sales & service department screw 64
 53. Hydraulic Tank

1) By-Pass Valve of Hyd’ Filter

: Opening Pressure : 1.36Kg/㎠ Baffle
Plate

Oil Level
Gauge

After sales & service department 65

 54. Error code 71 for Transmission

1) Problem and Remedy

Description Reason Remedy

Harness of K1 Sol’ Valve 1. Harness between Pin No 12 1. Measure register
was contacted with battery (24Volt) and Pin No between Pin No 12
cable 32 was shorted and 32
- TCU detected 24Volt 2. Diode inside TCU was shorted 2. Replace the TCU
at Pin No 32

2) Electric signal for Error codes

Electric Signal Error Code appeared

22Volt Normal
24Volt 71
0Volt 72
0mA 73

After sales & service department 66

3) Electric Signal for Y3 solenoid valves

Measuring Signal
Point
Engaged Disengaged
#12∼#32 10Volt 2Volt
#32∼GND 13.8Volt 22Volt

After sales & service department 67

 55. Error Code “BA”

1) Description of the Error Code “BA”

Error code Description Remarks

BA 1) It is one of the safety devices to avoid any damage of

the transmission
- the bypass valve will be opened when the transmission
filter is block by foreign materials
- the bypass valve will be opened when pressure different
is more then 5 bar

※ Notices
The BA Error code will be displayed in condition of transmission oil
temperature is above 50℃ and below 2000rpm even if the pressure
switch is off due to more then 5 bar pressure different

After sales & service department 68

 2) Bypass Valve

1) The function of Valve

Valve Subject Condition
HDV To keep 16Kg/㎠ Normal open
FDV Safety Valve When △p=5bar,
Open, BA appear

2) The operation of Valve

Normally the bypass valve is closed
so all oil for the torque converter
can flow through the regulator valve
(HDV) but when the filter is block,
the bypass valve (FDV) will be
opened due to the pressure different The Pressure switch
is 5 bar and bypass valve
After sales & service department 69
 3. The location of the pressure switch

1) The Location of the Pressure

switch and the transmission oil filter

Pressure switch

After sales & service department 70

 56. Error code BA

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL760-7 843 4066 BA warning Lamp comes on 1) Replaced Press Switch
Libya - TCV Press : 16bar 2) Replaced T/M Filter
happened again

2) Dealer’s conclusion
(1) Replaced the Press Switch and T/M Oil Filer
but happened again continuously
(2) BA warning Lamp comes on due to
malfunction of TCU so the TCU has to be
replaced by a new one

3) Conclusion
(1) Replaced T/Mission Oil filter by Genuine
parts and then solved it

After sales & service department 71

3) Non genuine T/M Oil Filter

Non Genuine Transmission Oil Filter Genuine Transmission Oil Filter

(White Filter) (Blue Color)

After sales & service department 72

3) T/M Oil Filter recommended by Fleetguard
- HHI P/No and their P/No show together on their part Manual

* Part Manual of Fleetguard

After sales & service department 73

 57. Error code B6

1) Machine and Problems

Model S/No Hour Description Action
HL760-7A 1310 8065 Error code B6 appeared when starting 1) Overhauled
- Overhauled the Transmission
- Error code BA appeared

2) The function of Error Code B6

(1) TCU detected a differential speed
between T/convertor and Reverse speed
during engaging a Reverse clutch
(2) T/Convertor RPM = Reverse RPM
during engaging a Reverse clutch

After sales & service department 74

3) Possible Causes
(1) The reverse clutch shipped due to wearing out
(2) Slipping of the Reverse clutch due to low
pressure (16Kg/㎠)
(3) Malfunction of Speed sensor

After sales & service department 75

 58. Error Code 3C, 3E

1) Description
Error No Description Emergency Using
1. Logical Error 1. Reaction
3C - TCU measures a turbine speed over - TCU shifts to neutral
threshold and then zero 2. When shifted
1. Logical Error - Substitute clutch control and
3E - Output speed is zero but turbine Limp Home mode will be
and internal speed is not zero applied

2) Possible Causes
Possible causes Checking Point
Disconnect cable TCU ↔ Measure the resistance of cable
Sensor
Default the speed sensor Measure the resistance(1050Ω) of the speed sensor
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3) Electric Circuit

After sales & service department 77

 59. Transmission Oil High temp’

1) Transmission Oil Flow

2) Specifications of the Pressure

Measuring Point No setting Pressure

Inlet of Torque Convertor 51 WSV Opening pressure : 11.5bar
Outlet of Torque Convertor 52 WGV Opening Pressure : 4.3bar
Inlet of Oil Cooler 15 2.8bar at high rpm
Outlet of Oil Cooler 16 1.5bar at high rpm
After sales & service department 78
3) The pressure of each part of Transmission

Color Description
Green Inlet of T/Convertor
Orange Outlet of T/Convertor
Blue Inlet of Oil Cooler
Red Outlet of Oil Cooler

After sales & service department 79

4) Transmission Oil Flow

After sales & service department 80

 4) Measuring Points

No 51

No 16 No 16

Check
valve

After sales No 52 department

& service 81
 5) The location of the WGV and WSV

WGV

WGV Opening
Pressure : 5bar

After sales & service department 82

 60. Error Code 12
1) Description
Code No Description Reaction
12 * Logical Error at direction Selection Signal * TCU shifts transmission
- Missing direction selection Signal to Neutral
- TUC detects both Forward and Reverse signal
at same time

2) The Possible causes of problem

(1) Direction Selection Signal,
- For Neutral : Pin No 67
- For Forward : Pin No 43
- For Reverse : Pin No 64
one of them should supply to TCU
(2) Both signal are supplied
After sales & service department 83
 3) Improvements

: The micro switch module was changed

to Step-2 Module

Improvem. Step II
1. greater distance from
friction point to contact
2. less friction (needle)
3. grease on the shift part

After sales & service department 84