Introduction to Python Programming

By
Dr. Yogesh Rajput
 Introduction to Python

• Python is a popular programming language.

• It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991.

• It is used for:
– Data Analysis

– Artificial Intelligence

– Scientific Computing, etc.

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 History

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 History

• The history of Python dates back to the

late 1980s when a Dutch programmer
named Guido van Rossum started
working on the language as a side
project during Christmas in December
1989.

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 History

• He was working at the CWI industry in

the Netherlands, and the project was
initially intended as a successor to the
ABC programming language, which
was used for teaching programming
concepts.

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 Development and Early Releases

• In February 1991, Guido van Rossum

released the first version of Python (0.9.0)
as an open-source project.

• The name "Python" was inspired by the

British comedy series "Monty Python's
Flying Circus," of which Guido was a fan.

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 Development and Early Releases

• Python's design was heavily influenced by

ABC, emphasizing readability and
simplicity.

• The goal was to create a language that was

easy to learn and could be used for various
purposes.

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 Python 1.0

• Python 1.0 was released in January 1994

and included many features that are still
part of Python's core today, such as

• lambda functions, map(), filter(), and

reduce() functions.

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 Python 2.x Series
• Python 2.0 was released in October 2000, introducing list
comprehensions and a garbage collector.
• Subsequent versions in the 2.x series brought various improvements
and optimizations.
• Python 2.7, released in July 2010, marked the end of the 2.x series.
• It remained widely used even after the release of Python 3.x due to
compatibility concerns.

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 Python 3.x Series

• Python 3.0, a major advancement of the language, was released in

December 2008.

• This version aimed to clean up inconsistencies and introduce new

features while maintaining backward compatibility as much as
possible.

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 Python 3.x Series
• However, the changes in Python 3.x were significant enough to
break compatibility with some existing Python 2.x code.

• This led to a slow adoption of Python 3.x in the early years.

• Over time, the community and library maintainers have been

updating their code to be compatible with Python 3.x, leading
to a broader adoption of Python 3.x in recent years.

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 Continuous Development and Popularity
• Python has continued to evolve rapidly, with regular releases
introducing new features and improvements.

• The language's simplicity, versatility, and community support

have contributed to its growing popularity in various fields,
including web development, data science, machine
learning, and more.

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 Why Python?

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 Why Python?

• Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux,

Raspberry Pi, etc).

• Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.

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 Why Python?

• Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs

with fewer lines than some other programming languages.

• Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can

be executed as soon as it is written.

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Features of Python Programming

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 Simple and Readable Syntax
• Python's syntax is designed to be clean
and easily readable, making it an
excellent choice for beginners and
experienced developers alike.

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 Interpreted Language
• Python is an interpreted language,
which means that code execution
happens line-by-line without the need
for explicit compilation.

• This makes development faster and

promotes rapid prototyping.

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 Memory Management
• Python has automatic memory management
through garbage collection.

• Developers do not need to manually

allocate or deallocate memory, reducing
the risk of memory-related bugs.

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 High-Level Language
• Python abstracts away low-
level details, enabling
developers to focus on problem-
solving rather than memory
management or other technical
complexities.

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 Large Standard Library
• Python comes with an extensive standard library that
includes modules and packages for various tasks, such as
working with files, regular expressions, networking, data
manipulation, and more.

• This rich library allows developers to control existing

functionalities and saves time in coding.

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 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Python supports object-oriented
programming, allowing developers to
create and use classes and objects,
leading to reusable and modular
code.

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 Extensible
• Python can be extended with
modules and libraries written in
other languages, making it
highly extensible and adaptable
to various use cases.

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 Cross-Platform
• Python is a cross-platform language, meaning code written
on one operating system can run on other platforms with
little to no modification.

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 Third-Party Libraries
• Python has a vast collection of third-party libraries and
frameworks for specific tasks like web development (Django,
Flask), data analysis (Pandas, NumPy), scientific computing
(SciPy), machine learning (TensorFlow, PyTorch), and more.

• These libraries help developers save time and effort by

providing ready-made solutions.

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Creating Variables

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 Creating Variables
• In Python, a variable is a name that represents a memory
location to store data.

• It acts as a container to hold values, such as numbers,

strings, lists, or other data types.

• Variables allow you to assign a name to a value, making it

easier to reference and manipulate data within a program.

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 Creating Variables
• Variable names must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or an underscore (_).

• The rest of the name can contain letters, numbers, and underscores.

• Variable names are case-sensitive, meaning "my_variable" and

"My_Variable" are considered different variables.

• Python reserved keywords (e.g., if, else, for, while, etc.) cannot be used
as variable names.

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 Creating Variables

• Python has no command for

x=5
declaring a variable.
y = “Sham"
• A variable is created the
print(x)
moment you first assign a value
to it.
print(y)

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 Get the Type

• You can get the data type of a

variable with the type() x = 5

function. y = “Sham"
print(type(x))
print(type(y))

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Python Comments

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 Python Comments
• Comments can be used to explain Python code.

• Comments can be used to make the code more readable.

• Comments can be used to prevent execution when testing code.

• Comments starts with a #, and Python will ignore them:

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 Python Comments

#This is a comment
print(“Welcome to SIU!")

print(“Welcome to SIG!") #This is a comment

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 Multiline Comments
• Python does not really have a syntax for multiline comments.

• To add a multiline comment you could insert a # for each line

#This is a comment
#written in
#more than just one line
print("Hello, World!")

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 Multiline Comments
• Since Python will ignore string literals that are not assigned to
a variable, you can add a multiline string (triple quotes) in
your code, and place your comment inside it:
"""
This is a comment
written in
more than just one line
"""
print("Hello, World!")
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 Data Types

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 Built-in Data Types
• In programming, data type is an important concept.

• Variables can store data of different types, and different types

can do different things.

• Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these

categories

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 Built-in Data Types
Text Type: str
Numeric Types: int, float, complex
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type: dict
Set Types: set
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray
None Type: NoneType

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 Numeric Types

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 Numeric Types
• There are three numeric types in Python:
– int

– float

– complex

• Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value

to them.

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 Numeric Types
x = 1 # int
y = 2.8 # float
z = 1j # complex

• To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

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 1) int
• int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without
decimals, of unlimited length.
x = 1
y = 35656222554887711
z = -3255522

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

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 2) float
• float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or
negative, containing one or more decimals.
x = 1.10
y = 1.0
z = -35.59

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

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 2) float
• float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the
power of 10.
x = 35e3
y = 12E4
z = -87.7e100

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

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 3) Complex
• We can use complex numbers to perform mathematical
operations involving imaginary numbers

• Complex numbers are written with a "j" as the imaginary part:

x = 3+5j
y = 5j
z = -5j

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
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 Python Casting

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 Casting

• We can specify the data type of a variable, this can be done

with casting.

x = str(3) # x will be '3'

y = int(3) # y will be 3
z = float(3) # z will be 3.0

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 Casting
x = int(1) # x will be 1
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2
z = int("3") # z will be 3

x = float(1) # x will be 1.0

y = float(2.8) # y will be 2.8
z = float("3") # z will be 3.0
w = float("4.2") # w will be 4.2

x = str("s1") # x will be 's1'

y = str(2) # y will be '2'
z = str(3.0) # z will be '3.0'

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 Task
• Write python program to create two
variable (country_rank, total_population)
to Store India's Country Rank and Total
Population.

• Convert these variable in float data type.

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 Operators

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 Operators
• Operators are used to perform operations on variables and
values.

• In the example below, we use the + operator to add together

two values:

print(25 + 2)

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 Python Operators
• Arithmetic operators

• Assignment operators

• Comparison operators

• Logical operators

• Identity operators

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 Arithmetic Operators
• Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common
mathematical operations:
Operator Name Example
+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor division x // y

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Arithmetic Operators

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Arithmetic Operators

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 Assignment operators
• Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
Operator Example Same as
= x=5 x=5
+= x += 3 x=x+3
-= x -= 3 x=x-3
*= x *= 3 x=x*3
/= x /= 3 x=x/3
%= x %= 3 x=x%3
//= x //= 3 x = x // 3
**= x **= 3 x = x ** 3

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Assignment operators

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 Task
• Write python program to create 7
variables and use assignment operators
to perform following operations.

• +=, -=, *=, /=, %=,**=,//=

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 Comparison Operators
• Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

Operator Name Example

== Equal x == y
!= Not equal x != y
> Greater than x>y
< Less than x<y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y

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Comparison Operators

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Comparison Operators

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 Task
• Write a Python program that to store the
marks of two students, and use
comparison operators to display both
true and false conditions.

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 Logical Operators
• Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common
mathematical operations:

Operator Description Example

and Returns True if both statements are true x < 5 and x < 10
or Returns True if one of the statements is true x < 5 or x < 4
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true not(x < 5 and x < 10)

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Logical Operators

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Logical Operators

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Logical Operators

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Logical Operators

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Logical Operators

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Logical Operators

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Logical Operators

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 User Input

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 User Input
• Python allows for user input.

• That means we are able to ask the user for input.

username = input("Enter username:")

print("Username is: " + username)

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Thank You.

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