Data and Knowledge Management

• Data and Knowledge Management: Database

Approach, Big Data, Data warehouse and Data
Marts, Knowledge Management Business
intelligence (BI): Managers and Decision
Making, BI for Data analysis and Presenting
Results
 Big Data
• The vast and constantly increasing amounts
of data that modern organizations need to
capture, store, process, and analyze.
• Human Resources.
• Product Development.
• Operations.
• Marketing
The Difficulties of Managing Data
• the amount of data increases exponentially
with time.
• Much historical data must be kept for a long
time, and
• new data are added rapidly.
• data are also scattered throughout
organizations, and they are collected by many
• individuals using various methods and devices.
• In general, there are six broadly applicable
ways to leverage Big Data to gain value.

• Creating Transparency.
• Enabling Experimentation.
• Segmenting Population to Customize Actions.
• Replacing/Supporting Human Decision
Making with Automated Algorithms.
• Innovating New Business Models, Products,
and Services.
• Organizations Can Analyze Far More Data.
 The Database Approach
• Data redundancy
• Data isolation
• Data inconsistency
• Data security
• Data independence
Data Warehouses and Data Marts
• A data warehouse is a repository of historical
data that are organized by subject to support
decision makers in the organization.
• A data mart is a low-cost, scaled-down
version of a data warehouse that is designed
for the end-user needs in a strategic business
unit (SBU) or an individual department
Knowledge Management System
 What is knowledge?
• The fact, feeling or experience know by a person
or a group of people
• Knowledge is more richer and meaningful than
information
• Knowledge involves mental processes of
comprehension, understanding and learning
gained through experience or study.
• Knowledge results from making comparison,
identifying consequences and making connection
 What is Knowlwdege
• Knowledge includes wisdom and insight
• In organizational term, Knowledge is know
how, applied information , information with
judgment or the capacity for effective action.
• knowledge progresses from relational thinking
to system thinking progresses from identifying
system characteristics to detecting system
trends to explaining system dynamics
 Hierarchy of knowing
• Know-how : knowledge of how to do things and
corresponds to common knowledge
• Know-what: Cognitive know mastery in the
knowledge domain
• Know-Why: Deeper understanding of
interrelations in knowledge areas – with system
perspective
• Care-Why : socially contextualized knowledge-
understanding values of stakeholders groups for
collective decision making
Hierarchy of knowing

Care why

Know Why

Know what

Know How
 Types of Knowledge
Explicit Knowledge
• Knowledge that can be easily expressed in words or
numbers and can be shared through discussion or by
writing it down and printing it into documents ,
manuals, models or databases.
Tacit Knowledge
• The Knowledge or know-how that people carry in
their heads- skills, experiences, insight, intuition and
judgement it is difficult to articulate or write down-
shared between people through discussion, stories
and personal interaction
 Types of conversion
• Tacit to tacit (Socialization)
• Tacit to explicit (Externalization)
• Explicit to tacit (Internalization)
• Explicit to explicit (Combination)
 Knowledge Conversion
• Conversion between tacit and Explicit Knowledge
are particularly important
• Only by tapping into tacit Knowledge can improve
explicit Knowledge be created in turn better
explicit Knowledge is essential for stimulating the
development of new higher level tacit Knowledge
• Knowledge management tended to focus on
improving and managing explicit Knowledge
creation and application require far more
attention on the high level tacit Knowledge
 Value of Knowledge
• Data, information and even Knowledge often
have little value
• Newspapers, periodicals, and
Knowledge-oriented web sites do not make
money by selling Knowledge content to
consumers
• What makes Knowledge valuable?
• How Knowledge creates wealth in a
Knowledge-based economy
 Value of Knowledge
Infusing Knowledge into product and services
Building the Knowledge system that allow for
product and services innovation and
developing business concepts/models
Transforming work systems at all levels by
embedding them within appropriate and
effective Knowledge systems
 The method of data and information
collection
• Observation
• Experiments
• Survey
• Subjective estimation
• Transaction processing
• Purchase from outside
• Publications
• Government Agencies
 Knowledge Management
• The creation and subsequent management of an
environment which encourage Knowledge to be
created, shared, learnt, enhanced, organized and
utilized for the benefit of the organization and its
customer
• Knowledge Management is developing and
managing integrated, well configured Knowledge
systems and increasingly embedding work system
within these Knowledge system
 Key KM Questions
• Why do organization need Knowledge management
program and system?
• Which information system applications are most
useful for distributing, creating and sharing knowledge
in the film?
• What are the business benefits of using artificial
intelligent technology for Knowledge management?
• How can businesses use expert system and case based
reasoning to capture Knowledge?
• How can organization benefits from using use neural
networks and other intelligent techniques?
 Organizational learning
• Organizational Learning
• Creation of new standard operating
procedures and business processes
• Knowledge management
• Set of processes
• Creat, gather, stores, maintains, and
disseminates Knowledge
• Single loop learning
• Using Knowledge to solve specific problem based
on existing assumptions and based on what has
worked in the past

• Double loop learning

• Double loop learning goes a step further and
question existing assumptions in order to create
new insights