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expt 7 CE input output char

The document outlines an experiment to test the performance of a BJT in common emitter (CE) mode, detailing relevant program outcomes, skills to be developed, and practical outcomes. It includes theoretical background on transistor operation, input and output characteristics, and provides a step-by-step procedure for conducting the experiment. Observations, calculations, and questions for further understanding are also included.

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varadnkarande02
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4 views

expt 7 CE input output char

The document outlines an experiment to test the performance of a BJT in common emitter (CE) mode, detailing relevant program outcomes, skills to be developed, and practical outcomes. It includes theoretical background on transistor operation, input and output characteristics, and provides a step-by-step procedure for conducting the experiment. Observations, calculations, and questions for further understanding are also included.

Uploaded by

varadnkarande02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

Title:- Test the performance of BJT working in CE mode

Relevant Program Outcomes (POs):-


 Basic and discipline specific knowledge:Apply knowledge of basic mathematics,
science and Engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization to solve the
Electronics & Telecommunication engineering problems.
 Engineering tools, experimentation and testing:Apply modern Electronics &
Telecommunication engineering tools and appropriate technique to demonstrate &
practice experimental measurements.

Skills / Competencies to be Developed:-


This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry-identified competency:
1) Identify different types of components used.
2) Mount components on breadboard.
3) Use digital multimeter to measure different voltages and currents.

Relevant Course Outcomes (COs):-


 Use BJT in Electronics circuits.
 Use relevant passive components in Electronics circuits.
 Use the front panel to understand various controls of the instrument.

Practical Outcomes:-
1. Identify terminals of given transistor.
2. Measure input and output currents and voltages.
3. Sketch the graph for voltage versus current.
4. Calculate current amplification factor β.

Relevant Affective Domain Outcome:-


Handle components and equipments carefully.

Resources Required:
 Breadboard
 DC power supply (0‐30V)
 BJT (BC107),
 Resistor
 Digital multimeter
 Ammeters (0‐10mA, 0‐100μ A)
 Connecting wires
Theory:-

A transistor is a three terminal device. The terminals are emitter, base, collector. In common
emitter configuration, input voltage is applied between base and emitter terminals and out put is
taken across the collector and emitter terminals. Therefore the emitter terminal is common to
both input and output. The input characteristics resemble that of a forward biased diode curve.
This is expected since the Base-Emitter junction of the transistor is forward biased. As compared
to CB arrangement IB increases less rapidly with VBE . Therefore input resistance of CE circuit
is higher than that of CB circuit. The output characteristics are drawn between Ic and VCE at
constant IB. the collector current varies with VCE unto few volts only. After this the collector
current becomes almost constant, and independent of VCE. The value of VCE up to which the
collector current changes with V CE is known as Knee voltage. The transistor always operated in
the region above Knee voltage, IC is always constant and is approximately equal to IB. The
current amplification factor of CE configuration is given by Β = ∆IC/∆IB

Input Characteristics:

This curve gives the relationship between input current (IB) and input voltage (VBE) for
constant output voltage (Ve£). By varying VBE for constant VcE it may be noted that below
knee voltage current is very small. Beyond knee voltage, the base current (I8) increases with
increase in VBE for constant VCE·Input characteristics may be used to determine the value of
common emitter transistora.c. input resistance ri. It is the ratio of change in base to emitter
voltage ((∆VBE) to resulting change in base current (IB) at a constant collector to emitter
voltage (VCE).

Figure 2: Input Characteristics of BJT in CE mode


Output Characteristics:

This curve gives the relationship between output current (Ie) and output voltage (VCE) for a
constant base current (Ib).The output characteristics are divided into three regions:
Cut off region: Transistor act as OFF switch Saturation
Region: Transistor act as ON switch Active Region:
Transistor acts as amplifier.
Output characteristics may be used to determine the value of common emitter transistor
a.c. Output resistance r0• It is the ratio of change in collector to emitter voltage (∆VCE) to
resulting change in Collector current (∆IC) at a constant base current (IB).

Figure 3: Output Characteristics of BJT in CE mode

Procedure:-
Part I Input characteristics:
1. Connect the electrical circuit as shown in Figure below.
2. Select suitable range of milliammeter, voltmeter and power supply.
3. Switch on the power supply and adjust the voltage VCE = 2V by varying Vcc
4. Vary the input voltage VBE in steps of 0.1V and measure the current 18
for each step.
5. Repeat the steps 3 and 4 for various values of VCE.
6. Tabulate the readings.

Part II Output characteristics:


1. Connect micro ammeter and adjust base currentIB.
2. Select suitable range of milliammeter, voltmeter and power supply.
3. Switch on the power supply and apply a constant current IB = 20 µA.
4. Vary VCE from 0 to 10V is steps of 0.5 volts. Measure corresponding
collective current le for each step.
5. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for various values of IB .
6. Tabulate the readings.
Figure: Circuit diagram for Input Output Characteristics

Observations and Calculations

Table 1: Input Characteristics

S.No.
VCE=……V VCE=……V VCE=……V
VBE (V) IB (uA) VBE (V) IB (uA) VBE (V) IB (uA)

10
Table 2: Output Characteristics

S.No. IB= ……. µA IB= ……. µA IB= ……. µA

VCE (V) Ic(mA) VCE (V) Ic(mA) VCE (V) Ic(mA)


1

10

Graph:-
Plot a graph of VBE(V) (X-axis) versus IB(µA) (Y-axis) for different VCE voltages.
Plot a graph of VCE(V) (X-axis) versus IC(mA) (Y-axis) for different IB (µA) currents.

Calculations:- (From graph)


1.Input Resistance Ri =
2.Output Resistance Ro =
3.Current amplification factor β =

Result:-
1.Input Resistance Ri =…………………….Ω.
2.Output Resistance Ro=…………………...Ω.
3.Current amplification factor β =………….

Conclusion:-
The input characteristics describe the relationship between input current or base current (IB) and
input voltage or base-emitter voltage (VBE).The output characteristics describe the relationship
between output current (IC) and output voltage (VCE).
Questions:-
1) Define current amplification factor(β).
2) List Transistor and draw its symbols.
3) Compare CE,CB and CC configurations.
4) List applications of transistor.

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