1. A simple beam supports a 30kN/m uniform load occupying the whole span of 12m.

The
maximum moment developed is
a. 120 kN-m
b. 135 kN-m
c. 270 kN-m
d. 540 kN-m
2. From the simply supported beam shown, calculate the reaction at A?

a. 342.72 KN
b. 502.73 KN
c. 657.27 KN
d. 817.27 KN
3. Calculate the “second moment of area” of a rectangular section with base of 50mm and
height of 100mm.
a. 5000 mm4
b. 500000 mm4
c. 4166667 mm4
d. 34333 mm4
4. Two forces of 200 N and 300 N pull in a horizontal plane on a vertical post. If the angle
between them is 85°, what angle does it make with the 200-N force?
a. 32.1 degrees
b. 42.5 degrees
c. 52.9 degrees
d. 70.8 degrees
5. When a beam is loaded, the new position of its longitudinal centroid axis is called
a. Deflected shape
b. Parabolic curve
c. Elastic curve
d. Inelastic curve
6. From simply supported beam shown, calculate the reaction at B?
 a. 342. 72 KN
b. 502.73 KN
c. 657. 27 KN
d. 817.27 KN
7. What is the max moment for a restrained beam?
a. wL²/8
b. wL³/12
c. wL³/8
d. wL²/12
8. Calculate the “second moment of area” of a rectangular section with base of 50mm and
height of 100mm.
e. 5000 mm4
f. 500000 mm4
g. 4166667 mm4
h. 34333 mm4
9. Compute the shear modulus of a steel if E = 200,000Mpa and the Poisson’s ratio is 0.50.
a. 71428.57 MPa
b. 67870.04 MPa
c. 76923.07 MPa
d. 68670.06 MPa
10. The 100-lb resultant of the four forces together with three of those four forces is shown
in the figure. Determine the fourth force.
 a. 130.4 lb
b. 202.6 lb
c. 342.5 lb
d. 460.2 lb
11. The maximum bending stress a wood beam must resist is 3000 ft-pounds. If the
maximum(?) allowable bending stress is 1500p, what is the minimum section modulus
the beam must have to resist bending?
a. 10011.13 mm3
b. 20022.25 mm3
c. 33370.4 mm3
d. 393,289.5 mm3
12. Determine the reaction (Rc) at point A.

a. -84 kN
b. 84 kN
c. -168 kN
 d. 168 kN
13. Determine the maximum moment of the beam.
a. 84 kN-m
b. 168 kN-m
c. 294 kN-m
d. 336 kN-m
14. Determine the force reaction on A of given beam system.

a. 22.08 kN
b. 125.0 kN
c. 147.08 kN
d. 137.92 kN

15. From the given shear diagram shown, all shear forces are all in kN, calculate the
maximum concentrated load.

a. 20 kN
b. 40 kN
c. 25 kN
d. 30 kN
16. From the given shear diagram shown, all shear forces are all in kN, calculate the
maximum negative moment.

a. 30 kN-m
b. 10 kN-m
c. 20 kN-m
d. 25 kN-m
17. From the given shear diagram shown all shear force are all in kN, locate the point of zero
moment from the right end

a. 2.75 m
b. 3.25 m
c. 4.75 m
d. 5.75 m
18. A point in each normal section of a member through which the axis passes and about
which the section twists.
a. Centroid
b. Shear center
c. Center of gravity
d. None of the above
19. A simple beam has a span of 6m with two concentrated loads of 20 kN each placed at
the third points of the span. If the extreme fiber stress in 10 Mpa, determine the required
section modulus
a. 2x10^8mm^3
b. 4x10^mm^3
c. 6x10^8mm^3
d. 10x10^8mm^3
20. Compute the shear modulus G of a steel having a poisson’s ratio of 0.30.

’
a. 11153.85 Mpa
b. 76923.08 Mpa
c. 132453.85 Mpa
d. 174432.12 Mpa
21. The steel materials are to be butt joined using a fillet weld. The thicker material is
8.5mm. What is the minimum size of the fillet weld?
a. 3.0mm
b. 7.5mm
c. 6.0mm
d. 5.0mm
22. The maximum bending stress a wood beam must resist is 3000 ft-pounds. If the
maximum allowable bending stress is 1500 psi, what is the minimum section modulus
the beam, must have to resist bending?
a. 10011.13 mm^3
b. 20022.25 mm^3
c. 33370.4 mm^3
d. 4004451 mm^3
23. A wide flange section is used as a beam to carry a total shear of 900KN. If the depth of
the wide flange section is 600mm, determine the required web thickness. Fy=250Mpa.
a. 20mm
b. 25mm
c. 15mm
d. 10mm

24. A wide-flange section W21x62 has a nominal depth of millimeters.

a. 472
b. 533
c. 635
d. 826
25. How is camber treated in a steel truss 25 meters and longer?
a. Camber shall be approximately equal to 1% of the span
b. Camber shall be approximately equal to the dead load deflection
c. Camber shall be approximately equal to 0.8% of the span plus 1/3 the dead load
deflection
d. Camber shall be approximately equal to 0.5% of the span plus 1/2 the live load
deflection
26. The allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective net area is taken %
of specified allowable yield stress
a. 50
b. 60
c. 75
d. 85
27. The allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective net area is taken %
of specified ultimate tensile stress
a. 50
b. 60
c. 75
d. 85
28. The allowable bearing stress on projected area between bolts and steel plate is taken of
Fu.
a. 0.3
b. 0.85
c. 1.0
d. 1.2
29. Which of the following criterion is NOT applicable for plug and slot welds?
a. The thickness of plug/slot welds in material 16mm or less in thickness shall be
equal to the thickness of the material
b. The minimum center to center spacing in a longitudinal direction on any line shall
be 2 times the length of the slot
c. The thickness of plug or slot welds in material over 16mm in thickness shall be at
least 1/2 times the of the materia but not less than 16mm
d. The width of the slot shall not be less than the thickness of the part containing it
plus 8mm nor shall it be greater than 2-½ times the thickness of the weld
30. To determine the proper installation of bolts in wood trusses, the nuts should be
a. Welded to the washers
b. Tight and the washers in uniform contact with the surface wood
c. Tensioned by the “turn of the nut”
d. Tight and washers embedded in the wood to depth equal to the washer thickness
31. The maximum deflection for a simply supported beam with concentrated loads at
midspan is equal to”
a. PL^3/84EI
b. PL^3/48EI
c. PL^3/4EI
d. PL^3/3EI
32. The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without a permanent
deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress is called
a. Allowable stress
b. Moment of inertia
c. Bending stress
d. Proportional limit
33. Is a horizontal truss system that serves the same function diaphragm?
a. Building frame system
b. Braced frame
c. Horizontal bracing system
d. Collector
34. The modulus of elasticity of steel is
a. 100GPa
b. 200Gpa
c. 200Mpa
d. 100Mpa
35. What is the distance from the extreme fiber in compression to the centroid of the tension
steel area?
a. Tension depth
b. Extreme distance
c. Effective depth
d. Centroid distance
36. Under the AISC method of evaluating the maximum safe load of a steel column, the
column constant is
a. 2n^2E/Fy
b. n^2E/Fy
c. 5n^2E/Fy
d. 3n^2E/Fy
37. As per section 5.3.3 of NSCp, the nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should
be greater than the the narrowest dimension between sides of forms,
a. 1/3
b. 1/4
c. 3/4
d. 1/5

38. The depth of slabs, or

a. 1/3
b. 1/4
c. 3/4
d. 1/5
39. The minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars
a. 1/3
b. 1/4
c. 3/4
d. 1/5
40. Which of the following criteria for bundled bars, do NOT apply?
a. Bars larger than 32 mm shall not be bundled in beams
 b. Bundle bars shall be enclosed within stirrups or ties
c. Group of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as a unit shall be
limited to four in any one bundle
d. Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members
shall
41. Roof liveloads shall be assumed to act:
a. Vertically upon the area projected on the horizontal
b. Normal to the surface area of the roof
c. Vertically upon the surface area of the roof
d. All of the above
42. It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially in place or fully in place or may
not be present at all is called:
a. Live load
b. Dead load
c. Concentrated load
d. Distributed load
43. The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed
a. 300
b. 150
c. 400
d. 200
44. The recommended design value of k-factor for both ends pin connected
a. 0.5
b. 1.0
c. 0.7
d. 2.0

45. In T-beam construction, the flange and web being built integrally, the width of the slab
effective as T-beam flange shall not exceed one quarter of the span length of the beam
and the effective overhanging flange width on each side of the web shall not exceed:
a. Eight times the slab thickness
b. one -half the clear distance to the next web
c. Smaller of the above
d. 500mm
46. The critical slenderness ratio is the upper limit of elastic buckling failure, where its
average column stress is equal to .
a. 0.5Fy
b. 1.0Fy
c. 0.75Fy
d. 2.0Fy
47. Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber shall be assumed to be
equal to
a. 0.001
b. 0.002
c. 0.003
d. 0.004
48. It is the sidewise bending or displacement accompanied by twisting about minor or
weaker axis usually at the compression section.
a. Yielding
b. Deflection
c. Crippling
d. Buckling
49. In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration is called
a. Moment of inertia
b. Slenderness ratio
c. Development length
d. Ratio and proportion
50. The allowable stress for compression members whose largest effective slenderness ratio
of any unbraced segment is less than the square root of [2𝝿²E / Fy] as per AISC
Standards is .

a.

51. In computing net area, the width of a rivet or bolt hole shall be taken as mm greater
than the nominal dimension of the hole normal to the direction of applied stress.
a. 1.2
b. 2.5
c. 1.6
d. 2.0
52. For relatively short fittings such as splice or gusset plates used as statically loaded
connecting elements, the net area An shall not exceed % of the gross area Ag.
a. 50
b. 60
c. 75
d. 85
53. It is the ability of a material like steel to undergo large inelastic deformation without
failure.
a. Malleability
b. Tenacity
 c. Hardness
d. ductility
54. It is an imaginary distance from the centroidal axis at which the entire area can be
assumed to exist without affecting the moment of inertia.
a. Centroid
b. Shear center
c. Eccentricity
d. Radius of gyration
55. In addition to consideration of direct wind pressure on a building’s surface, model
building codes require consideration of which of the following?
a. A roof uplift force of approximately 50 to 75 percent of lateral pressure
b. A negative pressure of 4 times the positive pressure when the windward wall is
open
c. A vibration load equal to lateral force at a frequency equal to the building
frequency
d. A 5 percent increase of pressure on windward walls in which windows occur
56. In the strength design method (NSCP 2001), the ultimate load is computed as:
a. 1.4LL+1.7DL
b. 1.4DLx1.7LL
c. 1.7DL+1.4DL
d. 1.2DLx1.7LL
57. As seismic requirement for flexural members where hoops are required. How are the
remaining portions of a beam treated with transverse reinforcement other than those
required with hoops?
a. Where hoops are not required, stirrups shall be spaced at no more than d/2
throughout the length of the member
b. Where the hoops are required, cross ties shall be spaced at no more than d/3
throughout the length of the member
c. Where hoops are not required, hoops shall continue except the spacing shall not
be more than d/2
d. Where the hoops are not required, closed stirrups shall be spaced at no more
than d/4 throughout the length of the member
58. The minimum reinforcement ratio provided by the code is taken / fy.
a. 1.0
b. 1.2
c. 1.4
d. 1.6
59. A composite member with laterally tied concrete around a steel core ( of design yield
strength not to exceed 350MPa) shall have vertical spacing of lateral ties shall not
exceed
a. 16 longitudinal bar diameter or 48 tie diameter
b. ½ times the least side dimension of the composite member
c. Any of the above
d. None of the above
60. For beam with a slab on one side only, the effective overhanging flange width shall not
exceed
a. 1/12 the span length of the beam
b. 6 times the slab thickness
c. ½ the clear distance to the next web
d. Any of the above
61. As per IS: 456-2000, modulus of elasticity of concrete ( in N/mm2) is given by
a. 5700 vfCK
b. 5000 vfCK
c. 3700 vfCK
d. 3000 vfCK
62. As per IS: 456-2000, the maximum size of aggregate is
a. ¼ maximum thickness of member
b. ¼ minimum thickness of member
c. ⅕ maximum thickness of member
d. ⅕ minimum thickness of member
63. The maximum spacing of main steel in slabs has been limited to
a. 250 mm
b. 300 mm
c. 450 mm
d. 500 mm
64. The Pitch of helixes in circular columns shall not exceed
a. 25 mm
b. 50 mm
c. 60 mm
d. 75 mm
65. The Minimum pitch of the helical reinforcement in circular columns should be
a. 25 mm
b. 40 mm
c. 50 mm
d. 60 mm
66. What is a steel element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand, or a bundle of such
elements, used to impart pre-stress to concrete?
a. Pre stress cables
b. Reinforcements
c. Tenon cables
d. Tendon
67. Good seismic design practice recognizes of the following conditions as vertical
irregularities in the design of seismic-resistive buildings?
I. Reentrant corner
II. Weight irregularity
III. In-plane discontinuity in vertical
IV. Soft-story
a. I, II and IV only
 b. I, II, III, and IV
c. II, III, and IV only
d. 1 and IV only
68. A is a vertical element that resists lateral forces in the plane of the wall
thorugh shear and bending. Such a wall acts as a beam cantileverec out of the ground
or foundations, and part of its strength derives from its depth. Examples are interior wall
of a multi-storey building, enclosing stairways, elevator shafts and mechanical chases
which are mostly solid and run the entire height of the building.
a. Tension wall
b. Shear wall
c. Standing wall
d. Screen wall
69. Buckling of column can be reduced by which of the following? Check the four that apply.
a. Increasing the size of the member
b. Rotating the column
c. Bracing the column
d. Changing the type of restraints
e. Reducing the length of the column
f. Reducing the radius of gyration
a. A,B,D,F
b. C,D,E,F
c. A,C,D,E
d. A,B,C,D
70. In any one bundle, groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contract to acts as a
unit shall be limited to a maximum of
a. Three
b. Four
c. Five
d. Six
71. The purpose of prestressing concrete members is to
a. Respond to the creep characteristics of concrete
b. Eliminate beam deflection
c. Reduce tensile stresses resulting from loads
d. Transfer loads to non-structural members
72. A structure will have a better chance of surviving an earthquake if which of the following
is true?
a. The load-bearing members are not equally loaded
b. The structure has redundancy
c. Principal members change section abruptly
d. All columns and wall are discontinuous.
73. The recommended deflection criteria due to wind loading on a brick vender wall utilizing
a metal stud back-up system is:
a. L/600
b. L/400
 c. L/360
d. L/720
74. A building form that is ideal for resistance to earthquake forces would be characterized
of the following? Check the two that apply.
a. Symmetrical about a reentrant corner
b. Symmetrical in plan.
c. Heavier at the base than the top
d. Asymmetrical in plan
e. Long linear plan
f. Asymmetrical in elevation
a. A,F
b. A,E
c. B,C
d. C,D
75. For normal weight concrete, the modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec, may be taken as
a. 1700/fc’
b. 2700/fc’
c. 3700/fc’
d. 4700/fc’
76. One -way concrete slab are used when:
a. The slab is being supported by two parallel beams
b. The slab has no cantilevered portion
c. The concrete slab is reinforced on the near bottom side
d. The concrete slab is sloping to the all side
77. For beam with a slab on one side only, the effective overhanging flange width shall not
exceed
a. 1/12 the span length of the beam
b. 6 times the slab thickness
c. ½ the clear distance to the next web
d. Any of the above
78. Determine the maximum allowable moment (Mn)
a. 444.444 kN-m
b. 476.020 kN-m
c. 472.220 kN-m
d. 584.380 kN-m
79. Determine the minimum steel-concrete ratio (pmin)
a. 0.00297
b. 0.00337
c. 0.00333
d. 0.00355
80. Determine the actual steel-concrete ratio (pact)
a. 0.0068
b. 0.0079
c. 0.0071
 d. 0.0083
81. Determine the max.steel-concrete ratio (pmax)
a. 0.0205
b. 0.0227
c. 0.0209
d. 0.0229
82. Which of the following assumptions holds true?
a. Concrete would yield first
b. Steel would not yield first
c. Concrete and steel would both yield
d. None of the above
83. High strength of concrete requires a water cement ratio of
a. 0.10 to 0.15
b. 0.25 to 0.30
c. 0.45 to 0.60
d. 0.75 to 0.90
84. In order to achieve economy, the spacing of stirrups at mid span
section --------- compared to that of support section
a. May be decreased
b. May be increased
c. Must be kept equal
d. None of the above
85. Minimum steel required in slabs is mainly controlled by the following consideration
a. Cracking on the tension side
b. Shrinkage and creep
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of the above
86. Concrete contains
(i) Siliceous aggregates, having higher coefficient of expansion
(ii) Igneous aggregates, having intermediate coefficient of expansion
(iii) Lime stones, having lowest coefficient of expansion
a. i and iii
b. ii and iii
c. i and iii
d. i, ii and iii
87. The separation of water or water cement mixture from the freshly laid concrete is known
as
a. Workability
b. Segregation
c. Bleeding
d. Creep
88. The continuous strain, which the concrete undergoes due to application of external loads
is called
a. Creep
 b. Bleeding
c. Workability
d. Segregation
89. Ratio of unit stress to unit strain:
a. Ratio and proportion
b. Moment of inertia
c. Modulus of elasticity
d. Slenderness ratio
90. In working stress method of design, the factor of safety for concrete and steel
respectively are
a. 3.0 and 1.8
b. 3.0 and 1.18
c. 3.0 and 1.15
d. 1.5 and 1.5
A
1. A mixture of water, cement, sand, gravel, or other aggregates. CONCRETE
2. Aggregates that are retained through a No. 4 sieve (about 6mm). COARSE AGGREGATES
3. A slump of zero means high workability. FALSE
4. A burried plate, wall or block attached at some distance from and forming an anchorage for retaining wall.
DEADMAN
5. A is a vertical element that resists lateral forces in the plane of the wall thorugh shear
and bending. Such a wall acts as a beam cantileverec out of the ground or foundations, and
part of its strength derives from its depth. Examples are interior wall of a multi-storey
building, enclosing stairways, elevator shafts and mechanical chases which are mostly solid
and run the entire height of the building. Shear wall
6. A parameter used for estimating strength of concrete WATER-CEMENT RATIO
7. As water to cement ratio increases, there is progressive weakening due to increase in porosity. TRUE
8. A large beam supporting a smaller beam is called: GIRDER
9. A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
resisting elements. It includes horizontal bracing system. DIAPHRAGM
10. A cantilevered beam, 5m long is loaded with 10KN concentrated load at the free end. What

is the maximum moment developed at the fixed end? 50KN.M

11. Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy? ESSENTIAL FACILITIES
12.A material, other than aggregate, cementitious material or water, added in small quantities
to the mix in order to produce some (desired) modifications, either to the properties of the
mix or of the hardened product. ADMIXTURE
13. A force system to be in static equilibrium, the algebraic sum of the forces along any direction: ZERO
14. Adherence between materials such as bricks/mortar, or piles of felt, of between felts and

other elements of roof systems, which use bitumen or other materials as the cementing
agent. BOND
15. A mixture of aggregate, cement and water, with or without admixtures is called: CONCRETE
16. A wall that resists horizontal forces applied in the plane of the wall. SHEAR WALL
17. A number 8(#8 steel reinforcing bar) has a diameter of: 25MM
18. A structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame. BEARING WALL SYSTEM
19. A cantilever beam whose length is 4 m, loaded with a concentrated load 20 KN at the free
end, produces a maximum bending moment of: 80 KNM
20. A wall which support vertical roads in addition to it's weight without the benefit of a
complete vertical load- carrying space frame is called: BEARING WALL
21. A point in each normal section of a member through which the axis passes and about
which the section twists. SHEAR CENTER
22. Aggregates should conform to PNS or ASTM standards and must be well graded. Easy workability and
method of consolidated are such that the can be poured without honeycomb or voids. what is the nominal
maximum size of a course aggregate when working spaces between reinforcements for proper bonding?
COARSE AGGREGATES SHALL BE NO LARGER THAN 3/4 THE MINIMUM CLEAR SPACING
BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL REINFORCING BARS OR WIRES. BUNDLES OF BARS. OR PRESTRESSING
TENDONS OR DUCTS.
23. A joint where two successive placement of concrete meet is called: CONSTRUCTION JOINT
24. A spherical pressure vessel with an internal diameter of 540 mm is to be generated using a
3 mm thick steel. The yield stress of the material is 450 MPa and the maximum allowable
shear stress is 240 MPa. Determine the maximum allowable internal pressure in MPa. 10
MPA
25. A metal specimen with 36mm diameter and has a length L=360mm. A force of 300KN
elongates the length by 1.2mm. What is the elastic modulus? 88419 MPA
26. A heat treatment of steel which is done through shock cooling by immersing it to liquid or
molten material into a cooling medium (liquid or gas) QUENCHING.
27. A cantilever beam 6m long is supported by a roller at the right end. It carries a uniform load
 of 400KN/m throughout the span. Ix =1.7x109 mm4 and E=200000 MPa. What is the
deflection at the right end if the roller support is removed? 190.59 MM
28. A simple beam has a span of 6m with two concentrated loads of 20KN each placed at the
third points of the span. If the extreme fiber stress is 10MPa, determine the required section
modulus. 4X10^MM3 / 4000000 MM3
 29. A wall that holds back on earth embankment RETAINING WALL
30. A brochure of a steel bar manufactures claims the following specs: yield strength = 275 Mpa, tensile strength
= 450 Mpa. A sample 32mm x 1000 mm long steel bar was out for = sampling with the following test results:
yield stress = 28.54 kg/sq mm, ultimate stress = 50.55 kg/sq. mm. Judge the actual test result against what is
claimed in the brochure and if the test results meet minimum PS standards. THE TEST RESULTS
SURPASSES THE CLAIMS ON THE BROCHURE AND SURPASSES PS STANDARDS
31. A bended rust to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete beam is called STIRRUPS
32. A quantity which measure the resistance of the mass to being revolved about line is called TORSION
33. A structural member spanning from truss-to truss or supporting rafters PURLIN
34. A standard hook may consist of a 180 deg. Bend plus a 4db extension (at free end) not less than 60MM
35. A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window

opening to bear the weight of the walls above the opening LINTEL
36. A beam that project beyond one or both its support is called CANTILEVERED BEAM
A composite member with laterally tied concrete around a steel core (of design yield
37.

strength not to exceed 350 MPa) shall have vertical spacing of lateral ties shall not exceed
NONE OF THE ABOVE
38. Again, for joist construction, the clear spacing between ribs shall not exceed 750MM
39. As a seismic requirement for flexural members where hoops are required. How are the remaining portions of
a beam treated with transverse reinforcement other than those required with hoops? WHERE HOOPS ARE
NOT REQUIRED, STIRRUPS SHALL BE SPACED AT NO MORE THAN D/2 THROUGHOUT THE
LENGTH OF THE MEMBER
40. Any material change in shape when subjected to the action of a force is called DEFORMATION
41. An expansion joints adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements between them is called
CONTRACTION JOINT
42. A kind of roof that has four sloping sides HIP ROOF
43. A type of concrete floor which has no beam is called FLAT SLAB
A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during
44.

the progress of work and years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by
the inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20). 2 YEARS
45. As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane load, if powered monorail cranes
are considered, the max. wheel load of the crane shall be increased by what percent to determine
the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3) . 25%
46. An open building is a structure having all walls at least % open. (NSCP 207) 80%
47. A wide flange section is used as a beam to carry a total shear of 900KN. If the depth of the wide

flange section is 600mm, determine the required web thickness. Fy= 250Mpa. 15MM
48. A Wide-Flange Section W21x83 weighs ____ kg/m.123
49. A Wide-Flange Section W21x83 has an overall depth of approximately millimeters. 530
50. A 1000mmx25mm nominal diameter deformed steel bar is subjected to test. The following results were obtained:
actual length is 999 mm: actual diameter-23.5mm :actual weight is 3.90 kg: Yield force=22099.14kg: yield stress =
45.02kg/sqmm: ultimate force = 31425.74kg :ultimate stress = 64.02 kg/sq mm: actual strain =127 %.Judge the
quality of the steel bar as per PS standard 681-04.02:1975 NOMINAL DIAMETER OF STEEL BAR .23.5 MM IS
LESS THAN THE REQUIRED DIAMETER OF 25 MM, THUS OF POOR QUALITY
As tie reinforcement for compressions, all non pre stressed bar shall be enclosed by lateral ties,
51.

at least 10 mm in size for longitudinal bars 12MM

52. Among the following axioms of mechanics, which of the following is INCORRECT?
53. A SET OF FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM MAY BE ADDED TO ANY SYSTEM OF FORCES THUS CHANGING THE
EFFECT OF THE ORIGINAL SYSTEM.
A simple beam supports a 30 kN/m uniform load occupying the whole span of m. The maximum
54.

moment developed is. 540 KN-M

A continuous beam simply supported over an 8 meter span carries a linearly increasing distributed load of 50
kN/m starting from the left most portion until the center of the span. Determine the support at left most portion
66.67 KN
55. A type of beam with fixed support and a roller support at the other end. PROPPED BEAM
56. An elevator cable will have its greatest tension when the elevator car is moving. DOWNWARD BUT COMING TO
REST
57. As per IS: 456-2000, the maximum size of aggregate is: 1/4 OF MINIMUM THICKNESS OF MEMBER
58. As per IS: 456-2000, modulus of elasticity of concrete (in N/mm2) is given by: 5000 VFCK
59. As per IS:1139, the characteristic yield strength for cold twisted deformed bars is: 500 N/MM2
60. A timber column of height 5m has a square cross section of side 200mm. It is supporting a load of

320KN. At midheight, a recess is cut in one face of the column to receive a girt. The cut is 250mm
vertical and 50mm deep. Calculate the strain energy in Newton-meter if E=13600MPa. 478.431
61. A 2"x4"x1' lumber is: ⅔ BD. FT.
62. A force that acts perpendicular to the cross section of a structural member and at its centroid. AXIAL LOAD
63. A standard 90-degree hook consists of a bend plus an extension of 12DB
64. A cantilever wooden beam 60mm wide by 200mm high and 6m long carries a load that varies

uniformly from zero at the free end to 1000N/m at the wall. Compute the flexural stress in a fiber
40mm from the top of the beam at a section 3m from the free end. 1.125 MPa
65. A simple beam supports a 20 kn/m load occupying the whole span of 8m. The maximum moment

developed is 160 kn-m

66. A reinforcing steel of grade 60 has yield strength of Mpa? 276
67. A structure will have a better chance of surviving an earthquake if which of the following is true? The load-bearing
members are not equally loaded
68. A building form that is ideal for resistance to earthquake forces would be characterized of the following? Check the
two that apply. B. Symmetrical in plan. C. Heavier at the base than at the top
69. A 4kg mass is supported by three parallel springs with spring constants of 1.5kn/m, 1.0kn/m,
and 1.5kn/m respectively. If the mass is given a 50mm displacement and then released,
what would be the maximum acceleration? 50 m/sec^2
70. A 6 m. long restrained beam carries a concentrated load of 30 kN at 2 m from the left end and
another concentrated load of 45 kN at 1.0 m from the right end.
- What is the moment at the left end in kN-m? 32.92 kN-m
- What is the moment at the right end in kN·m? 44.58 kN-m
- What is the vertical reaction at the left end in kN? 25.56 kN
71. A propped beam with flexural rigidity EI = 1,000,000 kN-m2 is shown in the figure.
- Determine the reaction at the roller support? 45.9 N
- Which of the following gives the moment reaction at the fixed support in N-m? -220.5 N-m
- A simply supported beam has a uniform load of 50 kN/m which occupying the whole span of 8m and a point load of
20 kN in the mid span. Determine the maximum moment induced. 440 kN-m
72. A Wide-Flange Section W21x62 has a nominal depth of millimeters. 533
73. A concrete mass containing 5% of voids Reduces its strength by 30%
74. As per section 5.3.3 of NSCp, the nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater
than the
th
e narrowest dimension between sides of forms, 1/5
B

Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify in
75.

writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than days before such excavation is to
be made. 10DAYS
76. Bundled bars shall be enclosed within supports or ties but bars larger than the
size below shall not be bundled in beams 32MM
77. Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall to what

type of occupancy? SPECIAL OCCUPANCY

78. Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or

substances fall to what type of category? HAZARDOUS FACILITY

79. Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be spaced not more than mm
on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3) 300 MM
80. Based on the AISC, what is the maximum slenderness ratio kL/r for tension members? 300
81. Buckling of column can be reduced by which of the following? Check the four that apply A,C,D,E
C
82. Concrete is strong in compression. TRUE
83. Calculate the maximum torsional shearing stress developed. 14.11 MPA
84. Calculate the maximum angle of twist. 0.01 RADIANS
 85. Calculate the reaction at A? 817.27 KN
86. Calculate the reaction at B? 502.73 KN
87. Concrete slab should have a minimum clearance of 15MM
88. Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of not

less than (NSCP 307.7.3) 200 MM

89. Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag bars and girts, shall be designed

to support not less than Kn of force. (NSCP 510.10.61) 26.70

90. Compute the shear modulus of a steel if E=200,000Mpa and the Poisson’s ratio is 0.50. 71428.57 MPA
91. Calculate the moment of inertia of a rectangular section with a base of 40 mm and height of 60 mm. 720,000 MM4
• A timber has a circular cross section having a diameter of 250 mm. It has a simple span of 4 m. NSCP specs. states
that in a circular beam the strength is equal to the strength of square section having the same area. Allowable
stresses of wood are as follows: Shearing stress parallel to the grain, fv = 1.73 MPa Bending stress , fb = 16.5 MPa
Allowable deflection= 240 1 of span Modulus of elasticity of wood= 7.31 GPa
Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable shear stress parallel to the grain is not
exceeded? 28.31 KN/M
Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded? 14.95 KN/M
Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable deflection is not exceeded? 7.34 KN/M
• The T-section shown is formed by joining two rectangular pieces of wood together. The beam is subjected to a
maximum shearing force of 60 kN.
Calculate the moment of inertia about the neutral axis in mm4? 10.573 X 10^6
Calculate the shearing stress at the neutral axis? 3.28 MPA
Calculate the shearing stress at the junction between two pieces of wood? 31.78 MPA
Concrete contains i, ii and iii
92. Compute the shear modulus of a steel if E=200,000Mpa and the poisson’s ratio is 0.30. 76923Mpa
93. Calculate the “second moment of area” of a rectangular section with base of 50mm and height of

100mm. 4166667 mm4

94. Compute the shear modulus G of a steel having a poisson’s ratio of 0.30. 76923.08 Mpa
D
95. Deformed rebar is better than plain rebar. TRUE
96. Determine the maximum allowable steel area Asmax ro the rectangular steel section. f’c=

5000 psi; Fy= 50 000 psi. ASMAX= 9.75 IN2

97. Determine the nominal flexural shear strength Mn of the rectangular section. ( answer

in ft-kips): f’c= 4000psi; fy=500,000psi; b=14”; d=21.5”; As=5.08in^2 398.61 FT-KIPS

98. Depth of footing above bottom reinforcement shall not be less than 150mm for footing on soil, nor less than
for footing on piles 300MM
99. Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than: (NSCP 410. 8.10) 0.40
100. Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less than: (NSCP 412.3.1) 300 MM
Using Ultimate strength design, determine the unknown of the following, shown below is the cross-
section of the beam, having both an unfactored live load of 100kN and dead load of 200kN.
101. Determine the maximum allowable moment (Mn): 444.444 kN-m
102. Determine the minimum steel-concrete ratio (ρmin): 0.0033
103. Determine the actual steel-concrete ratio (ρact). 0.016
104. Determine the max. steel-concrete ratio (ρmax). 0.0183
105. Determine the area of the steel reinforcement (AT) 2280.0 MM2
106. Determine the number of the tension reinforcement (n): 21
107. Dimension between sides of forms, (3) __ the depth of slabs, 1/3
or (4) the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars 3/4
• Determine is the distribution factor (DF) for member AB. 0.545
- The Final moment for member AB is shown to be 35.7 kN-m
 - The Rotation for the moment for member AB Is Counter-clockwise
• Determine the reaction (Rc) at point A. 48 lv
• Determine the maximum moment of the beam. 288 lb
• Determine the shear diagram of the beam. Figure 3
• Depth of footing above bottom reinforcement shall not be less
than 300mm
150mm for footing on soil, nor less than for footing on piles
108. Determine the maximum moment for continuous beam with two equal spans having a
uniformly distributed load? wL2/ 8
109. Determine the moment diagram of the beam. Figure 2
110. Determine the maximum moment of the beam. 294 kN-m
111. Determine the maximum allowable moment (Mn) 472.220 kN-m
112. Determine the minimum steel-concrete ratio (pmin) 0.00337
113. Determine the actual steel-concrete ratio (pact) 0.0083
114. Determine the max.steel-concrete ratio (pmax) 0.0205
115. Which of the following assumptions holds true? None of the above
116. In order to achieve economy, the spacing of stirrups at mid span section ------ compared to that of support
section May be increased
117. Development length or the development of a required length of rebar is provided in a
reinforced concrete beam is for what major purpose?
To allow the steel to reach its maximum strength
and prevent slippage of bars

E
118. Elongated gravel is much better than rounded gravel. FALSE
F
For a reinforced concrete spandrel beam, the effective overhanging flange shall not exceed
119.

the smallest 1/4 LB

120. For the reinforced concrete beam shown, what is the depth of the neutral axis from the

compression face at the ultimate strength level? As = 4000 mm2 fy 700 MPa f 'c 30; MPa;
Mu 619 KN-m 110.73 MM
121. For beam with a slab on one of side only, the effective overhanging flange width shall not

exceed: ANY OF THE ABOVE

122. For offset bent longitudinal bars, the horizontal support at offset bend shall be provided by

lateral ties, spiral or parts of the floor constructions. Horizontal support provided shall be
designed to resist 1-½ times the horizontal component of the computed force in the inclined
portion of on offset bar. Lateral ties or spiral shall be placed not more than from points
of bend. 150MM
123. For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it shall be permitted to take the

radius of gyration equal to times the overall dimension of the direction of stability is being
considered. (NSCP 410.12.20) 0.30
124. For members whose design is based on compressive force, the slenderness ratio kL/r
preferably should not exceed ? (NSCP 502.8.1) 200
125. For members whose design is based on tensile force, the slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not exceed
. 300
126. For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area of the pinhole for pin
connected members is . (NSCP 504.4.1.1) 0.45 FY
127. Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress shall not exceed on
the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1) 0.60 FY
128. For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the pinhole parallel to the axis of
the member shall not be less than of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 504.4. 2.1)
2/3
129. For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to provide for relative movement
between connected parts while under full load, the diameter of the pinhole shall not be
more than mm
greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP 504.4.2.3) 0.80 MM
130. For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members with compact sections where
the flanges continuously connected to web the allowable bending stress is . (NSCP
506.4.1.1) 0.66 FY
 131. For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non compact section requirements
of section 502.6, the allowable bending stress is . (NSCP 506.4.1.1) 0.60 FY
132. For relatively short fittings such as splice or gusset plates used as statically loaded
connecting elements, the net area An shall not exceed % of the gross area Ag. 85
133. From the given shear diagram shown (Shear forces are in kN) Determine the maximum

moment in the beam. 30 KN-M

134. From the given shear diagram shown all shear forces are all in kN, calculate the
maximum negative moment. 25 kN-m

135. From the given shear diagram shown all shear force are all in kN, locate the point of zero
moment from the right end 3.25 m

136. For # 30: A rigid block is attached as shown in the figure. If the elongation of the bronze is
5mm longer than that of the steel,

Steel
A=
60
0m
m2
E=
20
0G
Pa
Bronze
A=
90
0m
m2
E=
83
GP
a
Calculate the weight of the block. 485.77 KN
137. For normal weight concrete, the modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec, may be taken as 4700 √
138. Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than % slope (NSCP 302.3.1) 50%
139. Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at least 2

km falls on what exposure category for wind loading? EXPOSURE D

 - Flexural members will overall depth to clear span of ratios greater than 2/5 for continuous spans, 4/5 simple
spans, is known as and should be designed as: Deep beams
- For a short spiral column where Ag is the gross area, fe' the maximum allowable stress of the concrete, fs the
steel stress allowable and Pg the reinforcement ratio, the maximum allowable load P, if axially loaded is given
by the relation Ag[.25fc'+fs Pg]
- For a multistory warehouse building with heavy floor loads (400 psf [20 kN/m2]) and
moderate spans (to 30 feet [10m]), which of the following types of reinforced-concrete
slab would likely be most appropriate? (Distance LN is identical in all cases) C
G
140. Given: Es = 29, 000 ksi Econcrete = 6, 00 ksi What is the modular ratio? 4.833
141. Given is the shape of the typical stress-strain curve for steel under tension force. Where is

the region in the curve where the material experiences a reduction in cross-sectional area?
REGION D
142. Give the flexibility of a truss member with length L, cross sectional area A, modulus of

elasticity E and moment of inertia I. Express answer in terms of L, A and E. L/AE

 143. of the following conditions as vertical irregularities in the design of seismic-resistive
buildings? II, IlI and IV only
144. For economical consideration, the ratio of overall depth to width should be between 1.50 and 2.0

H
145. How is 90-degree bend standard hook for concrete reinforcement constructed? 90 DEGREE BEND PLUS 12
DB EXTENSION AT FREE END OF THE BAR
146. How is camber treated in a steel truss 25 meters and longer? CAMBER SHALL BE APPROXIMATELY
EQUAL TO 1% OF THE SPAN
I
147. It is the 28th day compressive strength of concrete FC’
148. It is the yield strength of steel rebar. FY
149. It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door, window, etc. to carry the wall over the opening.
LINTEL BEAM
150. In mixes exposed to water, what is the term used to refer to the separation of aggregate
from the bitumen due to the faster adsorption of water on the aggregate surface?
SLIPPAGE
151. It is the property of fresh concrete which is the ability to flow under momentum transfer or

under mechanical stress? MOBILITY

152. It is a temporary dam-like structure constructed around an excavation to exclude water. COFFERDAM
153. It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above it. SOFT STORY
154. In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ǿ for shear and torsion 0.85
155. It is an isolated column of masonry or a bearing wall not bonded at the sides into associated

masonry, when its horizontal dimension measured the right angles or the thickness does
not exceed four times its thickness. PIER
156. It states that Stress is proportional to Strain. HOOKE’S LAW
157. It is a twisting force that rotates or tends to rotate a shaft. TORQUE
158. It is synonym to bending stress. FLEXURAL STRESS
159. If the ratio of the short direction to the long direction of a slab is less than 0.5, then the slab is considered:
ONE-WAY SLAB
160. In ultimate strength design, the reduction factor Ǿ for bending is: 0.9
161. It is a point in a beam or column where there is no moment developed. POINT OF INFLECTION
162. It is defined as the unit strength of a material. STRESS
163. It is the contact pressure developed between two bodies. BEARING STRESS
164. It is the maximum safe stress that a material can withstand. ALLOWABLE STRESS
In any one bundle, groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contract to act as a unit
165.

shall be limited to a maximum of. FOUR

166. In T-beam construction, the flange and web being built integrally, the width of the slab

effective as T-beam flange shall not exceed one quarter of the span length of the beam and
the effective overhanging flange width on each side of the web shall not exceed: ONE-
HALF THE CLEAR DISTANCE TO THE NEXT WEB
167. Inside diameter of a bend for stirrups and ties for 16mm bar and smaller shall not be less than 4 DB
168. In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration is called: SLENDERNESS RATIO
169. It is the largest stress based on the original cross-sectional area which a material can stand.

Thus, it is the maximum ordinate of the stress-strain curve. ULTIMATE STRENGTH

170. It is a measure of the stiffness that refers to the ratio of the unit stress to unit strain of a

material. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

171. In the conjugate beam method, the actual slope equals FICTITIOUS SHEAR
172. It is a circular beam that transmit power to the machinery SHAFT
173. It is the arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or on a group of related

bodies. FORCE SYSTEM

174. It is a single force, or a force and a couple which acting alone will produce the same
 effect as the force system RESULTANT
175. It refers to occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at

all is called LIVE LOAD

176. It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to stress STRESS
 177. In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall
be spaces not farther apart than three times the wall or slab thickness, nor 450MM
178. If the depth of a web exceeds 900mm longitudinal skin reinforcement shall be uniformly
distributed along both side faces of the members for the distance d/2 nearest the flexural
tension reinforcement. The maximum spacing of the skin reinforcement shall not exceed
the lesser of the d/6 and 300mm. The total area of the longitudinal skin reinforcement in
both faces need not exceed of the required flexural
tension reinforcement. ½
179. It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying space frame. (NSCP 208.20) BEARING
WALL SYSTEM
Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period less than or equal to
180.

0.06 sec.(NSCP 208.20) RIGID COMPONENT

181. Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period greater than 0.60 sec. (NSCP 208.20)
FLEXIBLE COMPONENT
182. In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between
longitudinal bars shall not be less than? (NSCP 407.7.3) 1.5 DB
183. Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
terminate at different points with at least stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4) 40 DB
184. Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided
to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1) BRACED FRAME
185. Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure: MOMENT
RESISTING FRAME
186. In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of % of floor live load shall
be applicable for storage and warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1) 25%
187. In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured

footings, the sand shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping in layers not more than mm
in depth? (NSCP 305.7.3) 200 MM
188. In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in

poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP
305.7.3) 15 MPA
189. Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to seismic forces shall be

interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be capable of resisting in tension or compression a

minimum horizontal force equal to
% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP 306.20) 10%
190. In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual strength test (average of 2

cylinders) falls below fc’ by more than . (NSCP 405.7.3.3) 3.50 MPA
191. Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the transformed composite

section shall be used in calculating the concrete flexural compressed stress and for
construction without temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied after
the concrete has reached % of its required strength. 75%
192. In structural steel design, structures carrying liveload which induce impact, the assumed

liveload shall be increased sufficiently to provide for it. If not otherwise specified, the
increase for supports of elevators shall be: 100%
193. It is the sidewise bending or displacement accompanied by twisting about minor or weaker

axis usually at the compression section BUCKLING

194. It is an imaginary distance from the centroidal axis at which the entire area can be assumed

to exist without affecting the moment of inertia. RADIUS OF GYRATION

195. It is the ability of a material like steel to undergo large inelastic deformation without failure. DUCTILITY
196. It is also known as the second moment of area. MOMENT OF INERTIA
197. In joist construction consisting of monolithic combination of regularly spaced ribs and a top
slab, the ribs shall not less be less than 100mm in width and shall have a depth of not more
 than times the
minimum width of rib 3 ½
198. It is a type of truss having both vertical and diagonal members between the upper and lower
chords, with the diagonals sloping toward the center. PRATT TRUSS
199. In the strength design method (NSCP 2001), the ultimate load is computed as: 1.7LL+1.4DL
200. Is a horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm? Horizontal bracing system
201. It is the maximum angles which particles make with the horizontal without causing it to
slide: angle of repose
 202. In the general column formula, the term L/r IS KNOWN AS: Slenderness ratio
203. In joist construction, consisting of monolithic combination of regularly spaced ribs and a top
slab, the ribs shall not be less than 100mm In width and shall have a depth of not more
than times the
minimum width of rib 3-½
204. It is the measure of the stiffness or elastic properties of the materials. modulus of elasticity
205. In its cracked stage, concrete has exhibited what characteristic? Brittleness
206. In addition to consideration of direct wind pressure on a building’s surface, model building codes require
consideration of which of the following? A roof uplift force of approximately 50 to 75 percent of lateral
pressure
207. In order to achieve economy, the spacing of stirrups at mid span section------- compared to that of support
section May be increased
208. Increase in water content in a cement concrete (i) Increases workability (ii) Increases the strength i
209. It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially in place or fully in place or may not

be present at all is called Live load

L
210. Live loads for classrooms are larger than that of the libraries. FALSE
211. Loads that are movable or replaceable on structure are known as: LIVE LOAD
212. Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean roof height less than or

equal to? (NSCP 207.20) 18 M

213. Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M.

falls on what exposure category for wind loading? (NSCP 207.5.3) EXPOSURE A
M
214. Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth 75MM
215. Method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened. POST-TENSIONING
216. Members that are generally vertical, subjected to compressive loads, sometimes with

bending moments, are called: COLUMNS

217. Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber shall assumed to be equal to 0.003
218. Modulus of Elasticity of structural steel in MPa. 200000
219. Minimum number of bars for a circular column: SIX
220. Minimum steel required in slabs is mainly controlled by the following consideration Shrinkage and creep
221. Modulus elasticity of steel is generally taken as 2 x 105 N/mm2

O
222. Over-reinforced design of concrete will experience what kind of failure? BRITTLE
223. One-way concrete slab are used when: THE SLAB IS BEING SUPPORTED BY TWO PARALLEL BEAMS
224. Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than 9M. Falls on what
exposure category for wind loading? EXPOSURE C
225. One of the purposes of using the shear and moment diagram of analyzing a beam is to Determine the shear
force V and bending moment M
P
226. Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than
Mpa.
(NSCP 304.7.1) 20 MPA
227. Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified compressive strength Fc of not
less than
Mpa
. (NSCP 307.5.1) 35 MPA
228. Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy? MISCELLANEOUS
OCCUPANCY
229. piles that are driven at an inclination to resist forces that are not vertical are called: batter piles
230. Poisson's ratio is the ratio of the: Unit lateral deformation to the unit longitudinal deformation.
 231. Roof liveloads shall be assumed to act: Vertically upon the area projected on the horizontal

R
232. Reinforcing steel is strong in tension. TRUE
233. Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least _____ times the lateral force. (NSCP 206.6) 2
 234. Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least times the
overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6) 1.50
235. Riveted and bolted splice and gusset plates and other connection fittings subject to tensile
force shall be design in accordance with AISC requirements where the effective net area
shall be taken as the actual net area except that, for the purpose of design calculations, it
shall not be taken as greater than . 85% OF GROSS AREA
236. Roof liveloads shall be assumed to act: VERTICALLY UPON THE AREA PROJECTED ON THE
HORIZONTAL
237. Ratio of unit strain is: MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

S
Steel elements such as wire, cables, bars, rods or strands of wires or a bundle of such
238.

elements used in pre- stressed concrete structures are called: TENDONS

239. Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed times the least width b of
compression flange or face. 50
240. Structures that are subjected to transverse loads are called: BEAMS
241. Slab thickness for joist construction shall not be less than one-twelfth the clear distance ribs nor less than
50MM
242. Specific Weight of Reinforced Concrete is 25 KN/M3
243. Splices in spiral reinforcement shall be lap splices of 48db but not less than 300MM
244. Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion RIPRAP
Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed member shall
245.

not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1) D/2

246. Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at M
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20) 1.50 M
247. Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at M
below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20) 3.00 M
248. Shear connectors shall have at least mm of lateral concrete covering. (NSCP 509.5.8) 25 MM
249. Steel is an alloy comprising of two elements. They are and . CARBON & IRON
250. Snow loads, wind, pressure suction and earthquake loads and the like are what type of loads?
ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS
251. Slump test of concrete is a measure of its: CONSISTENCY
252. Slab should be design as one-way slab if the ratio (m) of the shorter side over the longer side of the slab is
m<0.5
253. Slump cone test is used to determine Workability of concrete mix

T
254. The nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater than (2) __ the narrowest1/5
255. The shortest length in meters of commercially available rebar 6
256. The maximum number or rebar in a bundled bar. 4
257. The longest length in meters of a commercially available rebar. 12
258. The load factor for a dead load. 1.4
259. The load factor for a live load. 1.7
260. The load factor for a wind load. 1.7
261. The strength reduction factor for flexure is ....... 0.9
262. The nominal diameter of #3 rebar in mm 10
263. The maximum usable strain for concrete is ....... 0.003
264. The Code limits the tensile steel percentage to ensure what kind of failure? DUCTILE
265. The value of ß1 if the fc’ is less than 30MPa. 0.85
266. The maximum reinforcement ratio provided by the code is taken % of pbal. 75
267. The minimum reinforcement ratio provided by the code is taken / fy. 1.4
268. The higher the water-cement ratio, the lower the strength of the concrete. TRUE
269. Tables and chairs inside a classroom is considered Dead Load. FALSE
270. The maximum useable strain at the extreme concrete compression fiber shall be assumed to be equal to.
0.003
271. The maximum moment of a simply supported beam whose span length is L, in meter,
carrying a uniformly distributed load of w in N/m, is: wL2/8
272. The modulus of elasticity of structural steel is: 200 GPa
273. The modulus of elasticity of steel is : 200 GPa
These are inert material used in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume
274.

of the hardened concrete product. AGGREGATES

275. Two forces equal in magnitude but oppositely directed and produce moment, is called: COUPLE
276. This refers to the substance other than aggregate, cement or water added in small

quantity normally less than 5% of the weight cement, to alter the properties of the concrete
mix or the hardened solid. ADMIXTURE
277. The minimum bend diameter for 10mm Ǿ through 25mm Ǿ bars 6db
278. The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is L/28
279. The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary line 0.60m
280. The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to

foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the Philippines. 16mm

281. The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to center. 75mm
282. The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only. L/360
283. The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load only.L/240
284. The normal force exerted by a smooth horizontal surface towards a 100-lb block acting on it is: 100 lbs
285. These are used to connect shafts. FLANGED BOLT COUPLINGS
The actual strain by which a concrete fails is 0.004. For safety purposes, the ACI code
286.

allows designers to use: 0.003

287. The minimum clear cover allowed by the code for slabs, not exposed to weather is: 20mm
288. The minimum size of fillet weld is: 12mm
289. The minimum reinforcing steel for Spiral Columns allowed by the ACI Code is: 6-16MM-DIAMETER BARS
290. The ACI Code states that “bars larger than #11 should not be bundled in beams or girders”.
This means that one should not bundle the steel bars if the diameter is larger than: 36mm
291. The steel ratio, ρ for spiral columns ranges from 0.01-0.08
The temperature bars are 10-mm diameter steel bars placed on top and perpendicular to the
292.

main reinforcement of: ONE-WAY SLABS

293. The stress developed when the applied load causes adjacent sections within a body to slide past each other.
SHEARING STRESS
294. The stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to changes in
temperature. THERMAL STRESS
295. The actual stress in a material under a given loading. WORKING STRESS
The point in the moment diagram at which the curvature reverses as it changes from
296.

concave to convex is called: POINT OF INFLECTION

297. The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than: 25mm
298. The most important component to determine the strength of a concrete mix is: CEMENT
299. The greatest stretching stress a structural member can bear without cracking or breaking. TENSION LIMIT
300. The minimum thickness of non-prestressed beams of span L whose supports are simply supported is L/16
301. The property of materials that enable it to absorb energy before rupturing, represented

by the area under stress-strain curve derived from a tensile test of the material.
TOUGHNESS
302. The property of a material to resist a change in its physical shape. RIGIDITY
303. The property of a material to fracture at low stress without appreciable deformation. BRITTLENESS
304. The property of a material to undergo plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the

elastic limit before rupturing. DUCTILITY

305. The twisting of a structural member about its longitudinal axis by two equal and opposite torques. TORSION
306. The stress beyond which the ratio of stress and strain for a material no longer remains constant.
PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
307. The change in length caused usually by a force applied to a piece, the change being
expressed as a ratio, the increase or decrease divided by the original length. STRAIN
308. The ratio of the transverse strain to longitudinal strain. POISSON’S RATIO
 The bending moment for the patterned loading to produce maximum moments are given as
309.

follows: Mux = 56x – 4x2 0' < x < 20’

Mux = -0.5x2 + 25x – 200 20’ < x < 30’
Find the max. moment (units in ft-lb) 196 FT-LB
310. This represents the ability of the mat’l to absorb energy without any permanent damage to the material.
MODULUS OF RESILIENCE
This element is added to the steel to make the steel corrosion resistant, when this element
311.

is more than 16%, the material is called stainlesss steel. CHROMIUM

312. The equivalent spring constant K for a vibrating system with two springs having spring

constant K1 and K2 respectively in parallel is K=K1+K2

313. The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete STRIPPING
314. To find the volume of water in a cylinder tank, multiply the area of its base by its HEIGHT
315. The ultimate strength of the material divided by the allowable working load SAFETY FACTOR
316. The stress per square unit area of the original cross section of a material which resists its elongation is
TENSILE STRESS
317. The standard hooks for the stirrups and ties shall mean A 90-DEGREE BEND PLUS 6 DB EXTENSION AT
THE FREE END OF BAR, FOR 16MM BAR AND SMALLER
318. The steel materials are to be butt joined using a fillet weld. The thicker material is
8.5mm. What is the minimum size of the fillet weld? 3.0mm
319. The section at which the moment changes from positive to negative is called: MAXIMUM MOMENT
320. The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system is called GIRDER
321. The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without a permanent

deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress is called PROPORTIONAL

LIMIT
322. The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes a hole through is called PUNCHING MOMENT
323. The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than25mm
324. The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part is called SHEAR
325. The deformation of as structural member as a result of loads acting on it is called STRAIN
326. The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surface BOND STRESS
327. The minimum bend diameter for 28mm Ø through 36mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30) 8 db
328. The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab: (NSCP 407.8.1)409.4.2.3) 20mm
329. The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported at the ends only is: (NSCP 409.6.2) L/20
330. The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2) L/24
331. The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2) L/10
332. The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than % slope. (NSCP 302.2.2) 50%
333. Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon wood sills or steel

plates placed directly upon the ground surface, provided soil pressure does not exceed
Kpa. (NSCP 305.9) 50 Kpa
334. The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to

foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60) 12mm
335. The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be times the average
diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1) 30 times
336. The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be? (NSCP 307.6.3) 250 mm
337. The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically powered trolleys shall be

calculated as

% of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight of the hoist and trolley.
(NSCP 206.9.4) 20%
338. The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes with hand geared
bridges shall be calculated as % of the max. wheel load of the crane. (NSCP 206.9.5)
10%
339. The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is equal to? (NSCP 207.50) 1.15
340. The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal to? 1.15
341. The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy structures is equal to? 1.0
342. The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is equal to? 0.87
343. The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent welds correctly two rolled

shapes in contact for a built up section shall not exceed . (NSCP 505.5.4) 600 mm
344. The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not exceed . (NSCP 505.5.80) 140 mm
345. The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not exceed .200 mm
 The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
346.

supporting composite beam is (NSCP 509.5.8) 6 DIAMETER OF CONNECTOR

347. The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of
supporting composite beam is . (NSCP 509.5.8) 8 DIAMETER OF CONNECTOR
348. The connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop the

force due to the design load, but no less than % at the effective strength of the
member unless a smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers
other factors including handling, shipping and erection. (NSCP 510.2.5.1) 50
349. The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater than 20mm is . (NSCP 510.3.3.2)
8
350. The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is ? (NSCP 510.3.3.2) 3 mm
351. The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over 12mm to 20mm is ?
(NSCP 510.3.3.2) 6 mm
352. The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed: 200
353. The point on the cross section of a member where a transverse load must pass to minimize

twisting SHEAR CENTER

354. The maximum size of fillet weld that may be used along edges of materials less than 6mm thick: NOT
GREATER THAN THICKNESS OF MATERIAL
355. The maximum size of fillet weld that may be used along edges of materials 6mm or more in thickness: NOT
GREATER THAN THICKNESS OF MATERIAL LESS 1.6MM
356. The Euler Column Formula for finding the critical load on a long column is Pcr=2EI/L2
where L is the effective length of the column. For a column hinged at the top, fixed at the
bottom and 20 inches high, the critical load is equal to: PCR=2EI/196
357. The shear strength of a steel I-beam is dependent on the AREA OF WEB
358. The allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area is: 0.60FY
359. The allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of effective net area is: 0.50FU
360. This type of fastener is installed by heating to a light cherry-red color, inserting it into a hole

and then applying pressure to the preformed head while at the same time squeezing the
plain end to form a rounded head. RIVET
361. The allowable bending stress of a non-compact channel section bent about their weaker axis

is taken Fy.0.6
362. The allowable bending stress of a compact wide-flange section bent about their weaker axis is taken Fy.
0.75
363. The maximum bending moment for a purlin may be taken as: WL2/8
364. True/ False : Wood is stronger when load is ┴ to the grains. FALSE
365. The critical slenderness ratio is the upper limit of elastic buckling failure, where its average

column stress is equal to . 0.5FY

366. The allowable stress for compression members whose largest effective slenderness ratio of
any unbraced segment is less than the square root of [22E / Fy] as per AISC Standards is
. {1 – [(KL/R)2 / 2CC2 ]} * FY/FS
367. The allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective net area is taken %
of specified ultimate tensile stress. 50
368. The development length of bars in compression is taken as: 30 TIMES BAR DIAMETER
369. The process of hardening of concrete in the presence of water is called: HYDRATION
370. The continuous strain, which the concrete undergoes due to application of external loads is called: CREEP
371. The maximum deflection for a simply supported beam with concentrated loads at midspan is equal to:
PL3/48EI
372. The Pitch of helixes in circular columns shall not exceed 75 mm
373. The Minimum pitch of the helical reinforcement in circular columns should be 25 mm
374. The maximum bending stress a wood beam must resist is 3000 ft-pounds. If the maximum

allowable bending stress is 1500 psi, what is the minimum section modulus the beam, must
 have to resist bending? 4004451 mm/ 393,289.5 mm3
375. The allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area is taken % of
specified allowable yield stress 85
 376. To determine the proper installation of bolts in wood trusses, the nuts should be tensioned by the "turn of
the nut" method
377. The effective area in resisting shear of rolled and fabricated shapes may be taken as: Overall depth times
the web thickness\
378. The total lateral force or based shear V given by V = ZIKCSW where Z is a numerical
coefficient that depends on the seismic zone in which the structure is located. The
Philippines is in zone 4 where Z has the value of: 1.0
379. The following are non destructive tests in concrete EXCEPT. Pull-out test
380. The state of liquidity occurring generally in granular soils: liquefaction
381. The purpose of prestressing concrete members is to reduce tensile stresses resulting from loads
The recommended deflection criteria due to wind loading on a brick vender wall utilizing a
382.

metal stud back- up system Is: L/360

383. The theoretical value of k-factor for both ends restrained 0.5
384. The section at which the moment changes from positive to negative is called: inflection point
385. The allowable bearing stress on projected area between bolts and steel plate is taken_ of Fu. 1.2
386. The following truss would be best analyzed with any of the above
387. The coarse aggregate which possess the property of good interlocking are angular shape
388. The main factors affecting the permeability of concrete are (i)Grade of concrete (ii)Minimum

cement content (iii)Maximum water cement ratio II AND III

389. The spacing of stirrups in doubly reinforced beams should be least of the following (i)Least
Lateral dimension (ii)Sixteen times the diameter of longitudinal steel (iii)Forty-eight times
the diameter of transverse reinforcement i, ii and iii
390. The recommended design value of k-factor for both ends pin connected 1.0
391. The separation of water or water cement mixture from the freshly laid concrete is known as Bleeding
392. Two forces of 200 N and 300 N pull in a horizontal plane on a vertical post. If the angle between
them is 85°, what angle does it make with the 200-N force? 52.9 degrees
393. Determine the reaction (Rc) at point A. 168 kN
394. The 100-lb resultant of the four forces together with three of those four forces is
shown in the figure. Determine the fourth force. 202.6 lb

U
395. Under reinforced design is more preferred by designers other than the over reinforced. TRUE
396. Underwater watertight chamber to allow construction work to be done. Caisson
397. (Using the same EI) which member will resist most of the moment? member A
398. Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced

obstructions having the size of single family dwelling or larger falls on what exposure
category for wind loading? Exposure B

399. Using the figure below determine the

following Determine the reaction (RA) at

point A. 48 kN
Determine the maximum moment of the beam. 96 kN-m
Determine the shear diagram of the beam. A.

Determine the reaction (RA) at point A. 40 kN

Using the figure below determine the maximum moment of the beam.
80 KN-m

(Using the same El) which member will resist most of the moment?
 member A
400. Under the AISC Method of evaluating the maximum safe load of a steel column, the column constant is:
 401. Using Ultimate strength design, determine the unknown of the following, shown below is the
cross-section of the beam, having both an unfactored live load of 100kN and dead load of
200kN.
- Determine the maximum allowable moment (Mn): 444.444 kN-m
- Determine the minimum steel-concrete ratio (ρmin): 0.0033
- Determine the actual steel-concrete ratio (ρact). 0.016
- Determine the max. steel-concrete ratio (ρmax). 0.0183
- Which of the following assumptions holds true? Steel would yield first
- Determine the area of the steel reinforcement (AT). 2280.0 mm2
- Determine the number of the tension reinforcement (n): 21
402. Using Ultimate strength design, determine the following.

- Determine the maximum allowable moment (Mn) 76.020 kN-m

- Determine the actual steel-concrete ratio (ρact) 0.0083
- Determine the max. steel-concrete ratio (ρmax) 0.0205

W
403. What is the standard weight in kilograms of one bag Portland cement? 40
404. Which of the following assumptions holds true? STEEL WOULD YIELD FIRST
405. Water coming from clear canals can be mixed in concrete. FALSE
406. What is the mode of failure for short columns at which the concrete reaches its limit strain εu

at precisely the same instant that the tensile steel on the far side of the column reaches yield
strain εy? BALANCE FAILURE
407. What is the max Vs (shear carried by the stirrups)? 2/3 f'c
408. What is the distance from the extreme fiber in compression to the centroid of the tension steel area?
EFFECTIVE DEPTH
409. What will happen to the concrete strength if the water-to-cement ratio decreases? CONCRETE STRENGTH
INCREASES, POROSITY DECREASES, SOLID-TO-SPACE RATIO INCREASES
What is the property of concrete by which it continues to deform with time under sustained
410.

loads at unit stresses within acceptable elastic range? CREEP

411. What is the condition where the tension steel strain reaches the yielding strain

simultaneously with the concrete reaching the crushing strain which is usually 0.003?
BALANCED STRAIN
412. What is a material that has adhesive and cohesive properties enabling it to bound mineral

fragments into a solid mass in the presence of water. HYDRAULIC CEMENT

413. What materials have adhesive and cohesive properties necessary to bond inert aggregates

into a solid mass of adequate strength and durability? CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

414. What is generated when compounds in cement react with water to acquire stable low-

energy states? Give the specific term. HEAT OF HYDRATION

415. What compounds reduce the interparticle forces that exist between cement grains in the

fresh paste; thereby increasing the paste fluidity/ PLASTICIZERS

416. Which of the following is NOT a property of hardened hydraulic cement concrete? WORKABILITY
417. Which of the following properties of aggregates has the LEAST influence to the quality of concrete? COLOR,
TEXTURE, AND SHAPE OF THE AGGREGATES
418. What is the force developed in a 50mm x 50mm bar subjected to an axial tensile force of 100N? 100N
419. What method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned before concrete is cast in place?

PRE- TENSIONING
420. What do you call the distance between supports? SPAN
421. What do you call those structures that are necessary for emergency operations

subsequent to a natural disaster? ESSENTIAL FACILITIES

422. Which is the correct factored load for Strength Design Method? 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
423. Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers, bars in the upper layers shall
be placed directly above bars in the bottom layer with clear distance between layers not
 less than: 25MM
424. Which statement is false? TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL FLEXURAL
SUPPORT.
425. When the beam is loaded, the new position of its longitudinal centroid axis is called: DEFLECTED SHAPE
 What is a round steel bolt embedded in concrete or masonry use to hold down machinery,
426.

steel columns or beams, casting, shoes, beam plates and engine heads? ANCHOR BOLTS
427. What is the type of beam wherein no rotation or vertical movement can occur at either
ends? RESTRAINED BEAM
428. What class of black or dark-colored cementitious substances is composed principally of

high-molecular weight hydrocarbons? BITUMEN

429. What terms refers to roof beams spanning between trusses? PURLIN
430. What do you call the horizontal wall beams serving principally to resist bending due to wind

on the side of an industrial building. GIRT

431. What is the carryover factor for prismatic members? 0.5
432. What is the third requirement to guarantee the correct solution to a structural analysis

problem? (The two being equilibrium and stress-strain relationship). HINT: It has something
to do with constant deformation COMPATIBILITY
433. What states that given a linear transformation relationship between two force vectors P =

HQ, the corresponding displacement vector transformation HΔ’ such that UO = HΔ’UP, is
simply the transpose of the force transformation matrix H? PRINCIPLE OF
CONTRAGRADIENCE
434. What is the max moment for a restrained beam? WL2/12
435. Which of the ff. statements is/are false about the positions of the live load moment

envelope? NONE OF THE ABOVE

436. Which of the following criteria for bundled bars, do not apply? GROUP OF PARALLEL REINFORCING
BARS BUNDLED IN CONTACT TO ACT AS A UNIT SHALL BE LIMITED TO FOUR IN ANY ONE
BUNDLE
437. What is the minimum concrete cover for primary reinforcement of beams or columns not exposed to earth or
water for precast manufactured under plant control conditions? DB BUT NOT LESS THAN 15MM AND
NEED NOT EXCEED 40MM
438. What is a sheet element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand, or a bundle of such
elements
pre- stress forces to concrete? TENDON
439. Walls that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight LOAD BEARING WALLS
440. What is a design analysis requirement, considered as a basis for the structural design of
building and structures, where the total lateral forces are distributed to various vertical
elements of the lateral force- resisting system in proportion to their rigidities considering the
rigidity of the horizontal bracing system or diaphragm? DISTRIBUTION OF HORIZONTAL
SHEAR
441. Which of the following criterion precludes good condition practice for conduits and pipes embedded in
concrete CONDUITS AND PIPES, WITH THEIR FITTINGS EMBEDDED WITHIN THE COLUMN SHALL
NOT DISPLACE MORE THAN 5% OF THE AREA OF CROSS-SECTION WHICH STRENGTH IS
CALCULATED
442. What is the method of analyzing indeterminate modular building frames by assuming hinges
at the center of the beam, spans and columns height PORTAL METHOD
443. Which of the following criterion is NOT applicable for plug and slot welds? THE WIDTH OF THE SLOT
SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN THE THICKNESS OF THE PART CONTAINING IT PLUS 8MM NOR SHALL
IT BE GREATER THAN 2-1/2 TIMES THE THICKNESS OF WELD
444. What is a concrete bean placed directly on the ground to provide foundation for the
superstructure GRADE BEAM
445. When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on soils, they shall be
completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least mm on the
bottom. (NSCP 305.8) 150 MM
446. When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the spacing of stud shear
connector along the length of the supporting beam or girder shall not exceed mm.
(NSCP 509.6.1.2) 900
 What is the weight of 32mm diameter deformed steel bar 9m long? Weight of steel = 7850
447.

kg/cu.m. 56.87 KGS

448. What is the weight of 40mm diameter deformed steel bar 1m long? 9.56 KGS
449. Which is not among the following arrangement, a seismic requirement for transverse reinforcement?
MAXIMUM SPACING OF HOOPS SHALL NOT BE EIGHT TIMES THE DIAMETER OF THE SMALLEST
LONGITUDINAL BARS
 What states the “the moment of the resultant of 2 concurrent forces about any
450.

axis ┴ to the plane of forces is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments of the
2 forces about the same axis”? VARIGNON’S THEOREM
451. What is the distribution factor (DF) for a fixed support at the end of a beam? 0
452. What is the maximum moment of the beam shown? Ignore the weight of the beam. 67.39 KN-M
453. Which of the following values can be used as a concrete cover for the primary

reinforcement of cast-in-place concrete (nonprestressed) beams as per NSCP?

40MM
454. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of beam that will not

exceed the allowable bending stress? 220 X 440MM

455. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not

exceed the allowable shearing stress? 200 X 400MM

456. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will

not exceed the allowable deflection? 250 X 500MM

457. What do you call the type of cut that is parallel to the axis of the tree and radially across the annual
rings?
QUARTER SAWING
458. What type of defect in lumber is described as the longitudinal cracks following
the growth rings? This develops prior to cutting the lumber and sometimes
caused by heavy winds. SHAKE
459. What is the minimum requirement for development for least 1/3 of the total reinforcement
provided for the negative moment reinforcement as an embedment length beyond the point of
inflection? NOT LESS THAN THE EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF MEMBER OF 12DB OR 1/16" THE
CLEAR SPAN, WHICHEVER IS GREATER
460. When a beam is loaded, the new position of its longitudinal centroid axis is called deflected shape curve
461. What is the distribution factor (DF) for a roller support at the end of a beam? 1

462. What is the maximum moment of the beam shown? Ignore the weight of the beam. 84.2
KN-m

463. Which of the following considerations has the greatest influence on decision
in favor of a pre-engineered structural system as that shown below for a
warehouse facility? Construction time

464. Which of the following criteria for bundled bars, do NOT apply: Group of parallel reinforcing
bars bundled in contact to act as a unit shall be limited to four in any one bundle
465. What is the size of a column at the ground floor of a 15-storey building with a beam span at around
8.5-10m?
0.80
466. Which of the following is NOT a primary structural system that is employed to
resist lateral loads? Hinged frames
467. What is a steel element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand, or a bundle of
such elements, used to impart pre-stress to concrete? Tendon
468. What is the horizontal and vertical components of the force shown Fx = 64.5 KN; Fy = 111.71 KN
469. Which of the following is important to protect the structural integrity ofreinforcing bars? Concrete
 Cover
470. Which of the following values can be used as a concrete cover for the primary
reinforcement of cast-in-place concrete (non-prestressed) beams as per NSCP?
40mm
471. Which of the following is produced by wind blowing against a building? Negative
pressure on the windward side
472. Width of prestressed beam with a span of 8.0 m on light loadings? 250mm
473. While placing of concrete the thickness of each layer for R.C.C. is 150 to 300 mm
474. When the ratio of the short span to the long span of a slab is less then 0.50, slab is a: one-way slab