GMAT Quant

Maja Ivkovic

Paris 2025
Lesson 1
Integers
Prime numbers
Divisibility
Multiples & Factors
 Integers 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 + 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 + 𝑜𝑑𝑑 = 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑜𝑑𝑑 + 𝑜𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ∙ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
… , −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ∙ 𝑜𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
• Positive integers. Negative integers. And ZERO (neutral 𝑜𝑑𝑑 ∙ 𝑜𝑑𝑑 = 𝑜𝑑𝑑
even integer).

• An even integer – divisible by 2: 2𝑛

• An odd integer – not divisible by 2: 2𝑛 + 1

• 𝑦 is divisible by 𝑥 is exists an integer 𝑚 such that 𝑦 = 𝑚 × 𝑥

• 𝑚 and 𝑥 are factors (divisors) of 𝑦
• 𝑦 is a multiple of 𝑚 and 𝑥

• Consecutive integers: {𝑛, 𝑛 + 1, 𝑛 + 2, … }

• Consecutive even integers: {2𝑛, 2𝑛 + 2, 2𝑛 + 4, … }
• Consecutive odd integers: {2𝑛 − 1, 2𝑛 + 1, 2𝑛 + 3, … }
 Prime numbers
{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, … }
• Divisible only by 1 and itself ֜ have only two factors.
• Number 2 is the only even prime number; all the others are odd.
• Square of a prime, 𝑝2 , has exactly three factors: 1, 𝑝, 𝑝2 .

An integer is divisible by:

 2, if it’s even  5, if the last digit is 0 or 5
 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3  6, if it’s divisible by both 2 and 3
 (e.g., 108: 1+0+8=9, 9 is divisible by 3 -> 108 is (because 6=2x3)
divisible by 3)
 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9
 4, if the number formed by the last two
digits is divisible by 4  10, if the last digit is 0
 (e.g., 5812: 12 is divisible by 4 -> 5812 is
divisible by 4)  15, if it’s divisible by both 3 and 5
(because 15=3x5)
Prime Factorization
120
Prime factorization of number 120: 𝟏𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟑 × 𝟓
120 has three distinct prime factors: 2, 3 and 5.
10 12
How many positive integers are divisors of 120?
120 = 23 × 31 × 51
6 2 Total number of factors: (add 1 to the exponents and multiply)
2 5 3 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 1 + 1 = 4 × 2 × 2 = 𝟏𝟔

 If a positive integer 𝒏 has an ODD number of factors:

2 3 ֜ all the powers in prime factorization are even numbers ֜ 𝒏 is a
perfect square ֜ 𝒏 can be expressed as a square of an integer:
𝒏 = 𝒎𝟐
Build a tree until
all the leaves are  If a positive integer 𝒏 has an EVEN number of factors:
prime numbers! ֜ 𝒏 is not a perfect square ֜ 𝒏 cannot be expressed as a square
of an integer.
 LCM GCD
The Least Common Multiple of The greatest common divisor of
𝑥 and 𝑦 is the least integer that x and y is the greatest integer
is divisible by both 𝑥 and 𝑦. that divides both x and y.
𝒎𝒂𝒙{𝒙, 𝒚} ≤ 𝑳𝑪𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚) ≤ 𝒙𝒚 𝟏 ≤ 𝑮𝑪𝑫(𝒙, 𝒚) ≤ 𝒎𝒊𝒏{𝒙, 𝒚}
If 𝑥 and 𝑦 have no factors in If x and y have no factors in
common: 𝑳𝑪𝑴(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒚 common: 𝑮𝑪𝑫(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟏
We can use the LCM when We can use GCD when
adding fractions: common simplifying fractions: common
denominator factor
3 1 9 + 2 11 18 3 × 6 3
+ = = = =
4 6 12 12 24 4 × 6 4
𝐿𝐶𝑀 4, 6 = 12, 12 is the smallest GCD 18, 24 = 6, 6 the greatest
integer divisible by both 4 and 6. integer dividing both 18 and 24.
 120 80

10 12 10 8

2 5 6 2 2 5 4 2

2 3 2 2
3
𝑮𝑪𝑫 = 2 × 5 = 40

2
3 2 2 𝑳𝑪𝑴 = 24 × 3 × 5
5
2 = 240

Prime factors that 120

and 80 have in common
Lesson 2
Digits
Remainders
Sequences
Consecutive integers
 23 89
hundredths
Digits 0 1 45 6 7
hundreds
units

1 1 1
𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟕. 𝟒𝟏𝟑 = 2 × 1000 + 3 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 7 × 1 + 4 × +1× +3×
10 100 1000

thousands
tenths

tens thousandths E2. What is the digit 81 places after the decimal point in
3
the decimal representation of 7?

3
E1. What is the unit digit of 1023 × 982 × 774 ? = 0. 428571428571 …
7

3
Focus only on the unit digits and the powers: is a periodical rational number with the period of
7

23 × 82 × 74 = 8 × 64 × 492 428571. Since 81 = 13 × 6 + 3, the digit on the 81st

֜ 8 × 4 × 81 ֜ 32 × 81 ֜ 2 × 1 decimal place will be the 3rd digit of the period, i.e. 8.
 Remainders
𝒏 gives a remainder of 𝑹 when divided by 𝒒:
𝒏 𝑹
𝒏=𝒑×𝒒+𝑹 ֜ =𝒑+
𝒒 𝒒

E3. When a positive integer 𝑛 is divided by 𝑞,

𝑛 E4. Alice has 𝑛 candies, 20 < 𝑛 < 50. If she divides the
the remainder is 21. If 𝑞 = 45.28, what is the candies equally among 5 kids, she will have 2 candies
value of 𝑞? remaining. If she divides the candies equally among 6
kids, she will have 1 candy remaining. Find 𝑛.

𝑛
= 45.28 = 45 + 0.28 𝑛 = 5𝑥 + 2 ∈ 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47
𝑞
𝑛 = 6𝑦 + 1 ∈ {25, 31 , 37, 43, 49}
𝑅 𝑅
0.28 = ֜𝑞= 𝑛 is an integer between 20 and 50 which at the same
𝑞 0.28
time gives remainder of 2 when divided by 5, and
21 21 × 100 3 × 7 × 4 × 25
𝑞= = = = 75 remainder of 1 when divided by 6. Hence, 𝑛 = 37.
0.28 28 4×7
Consecutive integers
The sum of three consecutive integers is Arithmetic sequence
divisible by 3: (consecutive evenly spaced integers)
𝒏 + 𝒏 + 𝟏 + 𝒏 + 𝟐 = 𝟑(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒅
The sum of three consecutive even 𝒂𝟑 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒅 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐𝒅
integers is divisible by 6: ⋮
𝟐𝒏 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟒 = 𝟔(𝒏 + 𝟏) 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅

The number of terms in arithmetic sequence: 𝒏

The sum of the first 𝑛 positive integers: 𝒂 −𝒂
= 𝒏 𝒅 𝟏 + 𝟏.
𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝟏 + 𝟐 + 𝟑+ ⋯+ 𝒏 = The arithmetic mean (average) of the first 𝑛
𝟐 𝒂 +𝒂
terms of arithmetic sequence: 𝒂𝒗g = 𝟏 𝟐 𝒏 .
The sum of all integers between 𝑎 and The sum of the first 𝑛 terms of arithmetic
𝑏, inclusive: sequence:
𝒂+𝒃 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 + ⋯ 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏 × 𝒂𝒗𝒈
𝒂 + (𝒂 + 𝟏) + ⋯ + 𝒃 = (𝒃 − 𝒂 + 𝟏) ×
𝟐
E5. What is the sum of all integers from 10 to 150 that are divisible by 4?

The integers between 10 and 150 divisible by 4: {12, 16, 20, ⋯ , 148}

𝑠𝑢𝑚
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = ֜ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 × 𝑛
𝑛
12 + 148 148 − 12
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = 80, 𝑛= + 1 = 35
2 4
𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 80 × 35 = 2,800

E6. What is the difference between the sixth and the fifth
terms of the sequence 2, 4, 7,… whose 𝑛-th term is 𝑛 + 2𝑛−1 ?

𝑎6 = 6 + 26−1 = 6 + 25 = 38
𝑎5 = 5 + 25−1 = 5 + 24 = 21

𝑎6 − 𝑎5 = 38 − 21 = 17
Lesson 3
Equations
Systems of equations
Exponents & Roots
Linear function
Quadratic function
 Equations

E1. In order to compete a E2. Today Rebecca, who is

reading assignment on time, E3. The Frosty Ice-Cream
34 years old, and her Shop sells sundaes for $2 and
Terry planned to read 90 daughter, who is 8 years
pages per day. However, she banana splits for $3. On a hot
old celebrate their summer day, the shop sold 8
read only 75 pages per day at birthdays. How many years
first, leaving 690 pages to be more sundaes than banana
will pass before Rebecca’s splits and made $156. Find the
read during the last 6 days age is twice her daughter’s
before the assignment was to number of sundaes sold.
age?
be competed. How many days A. 10
in all did Terry have to 𝑆 =𝐵+8
B. 14
complete the assignment on C. 18 2𝑆 + 3𝐵 = 156
time? D. 22
E. 26
2𝑆 + 3(𝑆 − 8) = 156
90𝑛 = 75 𝑛 − 6 + 690
34 + 𝑥 = 2 8 + 𝑥 2𝑆 + 3𝑆 − 24 = 156
90𝑛 = 75𝑛 − 75 × 6 + 690
34 + 𝑥 = 16 + 2𝑥 5𝑆 = 180
15𝑛 = 240
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑺 = 𝟑𝟔
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟔
 Exponents & Roots
𝒂𝒙 = 𝒂𝒚 ֞ 𝒙 = 𝒚
𝒂𝒏 × 𝒂𝒎 = 𝒂𝒏+𝒎
𝟏
𝒏
𝒙 = 𝒚 ֞ 𝒙 = 𝒚𝒏
𝒂= 𝒂𝟐
𝒂𝒏
= 𝒂𝒏−𝒎
𝒂𝒎 𝒏
𝟏
𝒂 = 𝒂𝒏
𝒂𝒏 𝒎
= 𝒂𝒏×𝒎
𝒂×𝒃= 𝒂× 𝒃
𝒂𝒏 × 𝒃𝒏 = 𝒂 × 𝒃 𝒏

𝒂𝒏 𝒂 𝒏 𝒂 𝒂
= =
𝒃𝒏 𝒃 𝒃 𝒃
𝒂𝟎 = 𝟏
𝒏 𝒎 𝒏×𝒎 𝟐
𝒂= 𝒂 𝒂+𝒃 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟏
𝒂−𝟏 = 𝒎 𝒂−𝒃 𝟐
= 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
𝒂 𝒏
𝒂𝒎 = 𝒂𝒏
𝟏 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒃
−𝒏
𝒂 = 𝒏
𝒂
 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Powers of 2
𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟐𝟏 = 𝟐
𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 Powers of 3 𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝟐𝟑 = 𝟖 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝟏𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗
𝟐𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟕 𝟏𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗𝟔
𝟐𝟓 = 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟒 = 𝟖𝟏 𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝟐𝟔 = 𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟏𝟔𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟕
𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟐 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟒
𝟖
𝟐𝟎𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟔 Powers of 5 𝟑 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟕
𝟗
𝟐 = 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟓𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓
𝟐
𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓 𝟓 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝟑 𝟑𝟎𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟓𝟒 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓
E4. What is the value of 𝑥?
42𝑥−1 = 2 × 8𝑥
0.063×10𝑤
E6. If = 9 × 105 , then how much is 𝑤 − 𝑘?
42𝑥−1 = 2 × 8𝑥 0.0007×10𝑘

22(2𝑥−1) = 21 × 23𝑥
63 × 10−3 × 10𝑤
𝟐 4𝑥−2 1+3𝑥
=𝟐 = 9 × 105
7 × 10−4 × 10𝑘
4𝑥 − 2 = 1 + 3𝑥 9 × 10(−3+𝑤)−(−4+𝑘) = 9 × 105
4𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 1 + 2 10𝑤−𝑘+1 = 105
𝑥=3 𝑤−𝑘+1=5
E5. Simplify: (39 −38 )(37 − 36 ).
𝑤−𝑘 =𝟒
(39 −38 )(37 − 36 ) = 38 (3 − 1) × 36 (3 − 1)
= 38 × 2 × 36 × 2
= 4 × 314
 Linear function
𝑦
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄
slope y-intercept

Slope of a line passing through the points 𝐴 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝐵 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 : y-intercept

𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 𝒎<𝟎
𝒎=
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
Parallel lines have 𝑐
the same slopes:
Distance between the points 𝐴 and 𝐵:
𝒎1 = 𝒎2 .
Perpendicular lines: 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )
1
𝒅 𝑨, 𝑩 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 +(𝒚 𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 𝒎2 = − 𝒎 . 𝑥0
1

𝑥
The coordinates of the midpoint 𝑀 of segment 𝐴𝐵:
𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 x-intercept
𝑴 , 𝒎>𝟎 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
𝟐 𝟐
 𝑦 Quadratic function
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 Axis of symmetry Zero-points 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 : Vertex (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ):
𝒙 = 𝒙𝟎
𝜟 = 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 −𝒃
𝒙𝟎 = =
𝟐 𝟐𝒂
−𝒃 ± 𝜟 𝒚𝟎 = 𝒇 𝒙 𝟎
𝒙𝟏,𝟐 =
𝟐𝒂
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 + 𝒚𝟎
𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 )
x-intercept
𝑥0
𝑥
𝑥1 𝑥2 The form of
graph depends
on 𝑎 and Δ.
y-intercept
𝒄

𝑦0 Vertex
(𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )
Lesson 4
Ratios
Percents
Interest
Mixture problems
 Ratios
E1. Ratio of the number of boys to the E2. In Bob’s monthly budget, the dollar
number of girls in a class is 3 to 5. How amount allocated to household expenses,
many boys are in the class if there are 10 food, and miscellaneous items are in the
more girls than boys? ratio 5: 2: 1, respectively. If the total amount
allocated to those three categories is
$1,800, what is the amount allocated to
𝐵 3
= food?
𝐺 5
𝐺 = 𝐵 + 10
𝐻: 𝐹: 𝑀 = 5: 2: 1
𝐵 3
= 𝐻 + 𝐹 + 𝑀 = 1,800
𝐵 + 10 5
𝐻 = 5𝑛; 𝐹 = 2𝑛; 𝑀 = 𝑛
5𝐵 = 3 𝐵 + 10
8𝑛 = 1,800 ֜ 𝑛 = 225
𝐵 = 𝟏𝟓
𝐹 = 2𝑛 ֜ 𝐹 = $𝟒𝟓𝟎
 Percents E3. The profit of a company rose 50% from March to April,
then dropped 20% from April to May, and finally rose 10%
from May to June. What was the percent increase for the
whole period, from March to June?
𝒑
𝒚= × 𝒙 ֞ “𝑦 is 𝑝% of 𝑥” 3 4 11 132
𝟏𝟎𝟎
1.5 × 0.8 × 1.1 = × × = = 1.32
2 5 10 100
𝟏𝟎𝟎+𝒑
𝒚= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
× 𝒙 ֞ “𝑦 is 𝑝% more than 𝑥” ֜ +𝟑𝟐%

𝟏𝟎𝟎−𝒑
𝒚= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
× 𝒙 ֞ “𝑦 is 𝑝% less than 𝑥”

𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 E4. The number of MBA applications at the BS University

% 𝑪𝑯𝑨𝑵𝑮𝑬 = × 100%
𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 increased by 25% from 2020 to 2021. How many students
applied for an MBA in 2020, if in 2021 there were 320
> 0 → 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
=ቊ applications?
< 0 → 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑥 × 1.25 = 320
320 320 320 × 4
𝟏 𝑥= = = = 64 × 4 ֜ 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟏 = 𝟓𝟎% 1.25 5 5
= 𝟐𝟎% 𝟐 4
𝟓
 Interest E5. Alice invested $3,000 in a fund which grows at the annual
rate of 4%. By how much will her fund grow after 6 months if
the interest is compounded quarterly?

Simple interest 4 4× 6
V = 3000 × (1 + ) 12
𝒓 400
𝑰= 𝑷× ×𝒏
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑉 = 3000 × (1.01)2
𝑉 = 3060.30 ֜ 𝐼 = $60.30
Compounded interest

• Annually:
𝒓 𝒏 E6. Bob invested $8,000 for one year at a simple
𝑽=𝑷 𝟏+ annual interest rate of 6 percent, and he invested
𝟏𝟎𝟎
$10,000 for one year at an annual interest rate of 8
• Semi-annually:
𝟐𝒏 percent compounded semi-annually. What is the total
𝒓
𝑽=𝑷 𝟏+ amount of interest Bob earned on the two investments?
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
• Quarterly: 8,000 × 0.06 × 1 = 480
𝒓 𝟒𝒏
10,000 × 1.042 = 10,816
𝑽=𝑷 𝟏+
𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 480 + 816 = $1,296
 Mixtures
𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒙+𝒚
=
𝒎% 𝒏% 𝒑%
𝒎𝒙 + 𝒏𝒚 = 𝒑(𝒙 + 𝒚)

E7. How much of a 20% acid solution E8. A scientist needs a 10% saline solution
would a chemist have to mix with 2 liters of for an experiment. In his closet he finds a
40% acid solution to yield a 36% acid 20 ounces bottle of 25% saline solution.
solution? How many ounces of pure water should he
Volume of pure acid has to be equal on both sides: add to the mixture to produce the correct
20% of 𝑥 plus 40% of 2 equals to 36% of 𝑥 + 2. saline solution?

Note: Pure water doesn’t contain salt, hence the

20 40 36
×𝑥+ ×2= × 𝑥+2 percentage of salt in pure water is 0%.
100 100 100
20𝑥 + 80 = 36 𝑥 + 2
25 × 20 + 0 × 𝑤 = 10 × 20 + 𝑤
20𝑥 + 80 = 36𝑥 + 72 500 = 200 + 10𝑤

𝑥 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝑤 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔
Lesson 5
Speed
Work problems
Sets
 Speed
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = E2. Train A, traveling at 45mph, leaves Westwood
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
heading toward Eastwood, 190 miles away. At the
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 same time train B, traveling at 50mph, leaves
𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = Eastwood heading toward Westwood. When do the two
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
trains meet? How far from each city do they meet?

E1. Bob travels the first 3 hours of his journey at 45𝑚𝑝ℎ 50𝑚𝑝ℎ
the speed of 60mph, and the remaining 5 hours A B
at 24mph. What is the average speed for the ×
whole journey, in mph? 𝑥 190 − 𝑥
3ℎ 5ℎ
×
24𝑚𝑝ℎ 190 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
60𝑚𝑝ℎ
𝑥 = 45𝑡
𝑑1 = 3 × 60 𝑑2 = 5 × 24 190 − 𝑥 = 50𝑡
𝑑1 = 180𝑚 𝑑2 = 120𝑚 190 − 45𝑡 = 50𝑡
95𝑡 = 190
𝑑 180 + 120 300 𝑡 = 𝟐𝒉
𝑠ҧ = = = = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝒎𝒑𝒉 𝑥 = 𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔
𝑡 3+5 8
Work problems E3. Hose A can fill a pool in 10 hours. Hose B can
fill the pool in 15 hours. How long will it take the
two hoses working simultaneously to fill the pool?

1 1 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 + =
+ = 10 15 𝑇
𝑨 𝑩 𝑻
5 1
= ֜ 𝑇 = 𝟔 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
30 𝑇
𝑨 = time it takes to A to
finish the job working alone
at its constant rate. E4. Three printing presses, A, B and C, working together at their respective
constant rates, can do a certain printing job in 4 hours. B and C, working
𝑩 = time it takes to B to together at their respective constant rates, can do the same job in 5 hours. How
finish the job working alone long would it take A, working alone at its constant rate, to do the same job?
at its constant rate. 1 1 1 1
+ + =
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 4
𝑻 = time it takes to A and B
to finish the job working 1 1 1
+ =
together at their respective 𝐵 𝐶 5
constant rates. 1 1 1 1
= − = ֜ 𝐴 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔
𝐴 5 4 20
 Sets E5. Of the 84 people who attended an auction, 35
bought a painting and 11 bought both a painting and
a piece of jewellery. If the number of people who
𝑨∩𝑩 bought a piece of jewellery was 1.5 times the
𝑻 number of people who neither bought a painting nor
a jewellery, how many of the them bought a piece of
jewellery?
𝑩
𝑨 84
𝑃 𝐽

11 𝐽 − 11
35 − 11

𝑁
𝑵
84 = 35 − 11 + 11 + 𝐽 − 11 + 𝑁
𝐽 = 1.5 × 𝑁
𝑻=𝑵+𝑨∪𝑩
84 = 24 + 1.5𝑁 + 𝑁
𝑨∪𝑩=𝑨+𝑩−𝑨∩𝑩 2.5𝑁 = 60
𝑁 = 24
𝑻=𝑵+ 𝑨+𝑩−𝑨∩𝑩 𝑱 = 𝟑𝟔
E6. In a group of 68 students, each student is E7. The office of 120 is split between male and
registered for at least one of the three classes – female employees at the ratio of 3:5. If 40% of the
History, Math and English. 25 students are registered employees are married and 20 of the married
for History, 25 students are registered for Math, and employees in the office are men, how many of the
34 students are registered for English. If only 3 women working in the office are single?
students are registered for all three classes, how
many students are registered for exactly two classes? 3
𝑀 + 𝑊 = 120 𝑀 = 120 × = 45
𝑀 3 8
𝐻 = 25 𝑀 = 25 = 5
𝑊 5 𝑊 = 120 × = 75
𝑥 8
40
3 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 40% 𝑜𝑓 120 = × 120 = 48
𝑦 100
𝑧 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 120 − 48 = 72
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 68
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 =?
31 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 Married Single
𝐸 = 34

68 = 25 + 22 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 31 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 Men 20 25 45
Women 28 47 75
68 = 78 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧
48 72 120
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝟏𝟎
Lesson 6
Statistics
Counting problems
Probability
 Statistics
 MEAN = Average, a central value of a set of numbers; calculated as the
sum of elements divided by the number of elements in a set.

 MEDIAN = The middle element: 50% of the data is below the median,
and 50% of the data is above the median. To find the median: place the
numbers in order and find the middle. Let 𝑛 be the number of elements.
If 𝑛 is odd, the median is the element in the middle, i.e. the one on the
𝑛+1
-th position; if 𝑛 is even, the median is the average of two
2
𝑛 𝑛
elements in the middle, i.e. on the -th and + 1 -th position. If all the elements in a
2 2
set are the same, the
 MODE = The number that appears the most often in a set, i.e. an standard deviation of
element with the greatest frequency. the set is zero.
If elements in a set
 RANGE = The difference between the lowest and the highest value in a form an arithmetic
sequence, the mean is
set = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛.
equal to the median.
 STANDARD DEVIATION = A measure of how spread out numbers are;
square root of the Variance (Variance is the average of the squared
differences from the Mean). The more the data are spread away from
the mean, the greater the standard deviation.
 Counting problems
E1. From a group of 5 men and 10 women, in how
 COMBINATIONS - order is not important.
many ways we can choose a committee consisting of
How many ways to choose 𝑘 elements among 𝑛? exactly two women and two man?
𝒏 𝒏! AND  Multiply the two results.
𝑪𝒏𝒌 =
= 5 10 5 × 4 10 × 9
𝒌 𝒌! × 𝒏 − 𝒌 ! = × = 10 × 45 = 450
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 2 2 1×2 1×2
= , = = 1, = 𝑛, 0! = 1
𝑘 𝑛−𝑘 0 𝑛 1
E2. From a group of 5 men and 10 women, in how
 PERMUTATIONS - order matters. many ways we can choose a committee consisting of
exactly two women or two man?
How many arrangements of 𝑘 elements among 𝑛?
OR  Add up the two results.
𝒏!
𝑷𝒏𝒌 = 5 10
𝒏−𝒌 ! + = 10 + 45 = 55
2 2
If 𝑘 = 𝑛, the number of permutations is 𝒏!
E3. Ten students participate in a sport competition. In
 “Mississippi” RULE how many ways their teacher can assign golden,
How many “words” can be written with the letters “Mississippi”? silver and bronc medal to the winners?
11! Order is important  Winning gold is not the same
 Letter I occurs 4 times, S 4 times, and P 2 times. as winning silver.
4!×4!×2!
𝒏! 10! 10! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7!
Permutations with repeating elements: 𝒌 = = = 10 × 9 × 8 = 720
𝟏 !×𝒌 𝟐 !×⋯×𝒌 𝒎! 10 − 3 ! 7! 7!
 Probability
E4. A division of a company consists of 7 women and 5 men. If
𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 two of these 12 employees are randomly selected as
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 = representatives of the division, what is the probability that both
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
representatives will be women?
7 7×6
𝒑 = probability that event 𝑋 will happen 𝟕
𝟏 − 𝒑 = probability than 𝑋 won’t happen 𝑝 = 12 = 1 × 2 =
2
12 × 11 𝟐𝟐
2
1×2
Tossing a coin
Two possible outcomes: ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑, 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 = 𝐻, 𝑇 E5. A division of a company consists of 7 women and 5 men. If
1 two employees are randomly selected to be a president and a
P H =P T = secretary, what is the probability that the president is a woman
2
and the secretary is a man?
Rolling a die 7×5 𝟑𝟓
Six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 𝑝 = 12×11 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐
1
Probability of getting a 1 = 6
E6. If two fair six-sided dice are thrown, what is the probability
Choosing a card from a deck that the sum of the numbers showing on the dice is 7?
52 cards  13 numbers × 4 colors
1 7=1+6= 2+5=3+4=4+3=5+2= 6+1
Probability of choosing Ace of Hearts = 52 6 𝟏
Probability of choosing an Ace =
1 𝑝= =
13 6×6 𝟔
1
Probability of choosing a card of Hearts = 4
 Maja Ivkovic
Expert mathematician with extensive experience
in higher education and academic research, I
have been passionate about the GMAT for over a
decade. I love teaching and enjoy passing on
knowledge, and I am able to teach anything
related to Mathematics, such as Data Analysis,
Finance, Quantitative Research Methods, etc. I
am particularly interested in Data Science and
Statistical Analysis, and I have been a part of top
researchers’ team at INSEAD business school,
where I have collaborated with world-class
scholars and contributed to INSEAD’s reputation
for research and teaching excellence.
I holds a Master’s degree in Mathematics with
specialization in Finance and Business from the
University of Zagreb, and a Master’s degree in
Data Analysis from OpenClassrooms Paris. My
interests envelop Number Theory, Cryptography,
Machine Learning and Data Science.
I am a co-author of the first GMAT strategic
guide in French (“Le guide stratégique du GMAT –
Un programme de préparation en 8 semaines”).
 If you're preparing for the GMAT
and have questions, feedback, or
just want to share your progress,
feel free to reach out.
I'd be happy to help
and hear from you!
[email protected]
https://www.linkedin.com/in/maja-ivkovic-math/