THIRUVALLUVAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

GE3171 PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING MANUAL

FIRST YEAR – I SEMESTER

1
 Page No
Ex.No. Name of the Experiment
4
1(a) Electricity Bill Preparation

7
1(b) Retail Shop Billing

10
1(c) Sine Series

12
1(d) Weight of a motor bike

14
1(e) Finding weight of a steel bar

Compute Electric current in 3 phaseAC 16

1(f)
circuit
18
2(a) Exchange the values of two variables

20
2(b) Circulate the values of n variables

23
2(c) Finding distance between 2 points

25
3(a) Number Series

27
3(b) Number Pattern

30
3(c) Number Pyramid

32
4(a) Items present in a library using list

34
4(b) Components of a car using tuple

Materials required for construction of a building 37

4(c)
using tuple
39
5(a) Languages stored in a set

Components of an automobile usingset 41

5(b)

43
5(c) Elements of a civil structure

46
6(a) Factorial of a number using function

2
3
 Page No
Ex.No. Name of the Experiment

Finding the largest element in the list using 48

6(b)
function
6(c) Finding the area of a shape using 51
function
53
7(a) Reverse a String

55
7(b) Checking the string is Palindrome

57
7(c) Counting characters in a String

59
7(d) Replace characters in a String

61
8(a) Program using pandas Data frames

63
8(b) Program using numpy

65
8(c) Program using matplotlib

68
8(d) Program using Scipy

File Handling – Copy one file into 70

9(a)
another
72
9(b) File Handling – Word count

75
9(c) File Handling – Longest word in a file

Exception Handling – Divide by zero error 78

10(a)

Exception Handling – Voters Age 80

10(b)
validity
Exception Handling – Student mark 83
10(c)
validity
86
11 Exploring pygame tool

89
12 Bouncing Ball game

4
5
Ex. No. 1(a)
Electricity Bill Preparation
Date :

Aim
To implement a python program for preparing Electricity Bill.

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Read the previous month reading and current month reading
3. if units<=100 then
amttopay=0
elif units>100 and
units<=200:
amttopay=(units-100)*0.8
elif units>200 and units<=300:
amttopay=(units-200)*1+80
elif units>300 and units<=400:
amttopay=(units-300)*1.5+100+80
else:
amttopay=(units-400)*2+150+100+80
4. print units and amount to pay
5. Stop

6
#Program to calculate EB Bill
prev=int(input("Enter previous month reading : "))
curr=int(input("Enter present month reading : "))
units=curr-prev
if units<=100:
amttopay=0
print("You have consumed less electricity. No amount to pay for this month")
elif units>100 and units<=200:
amttopay=(units-100)*0.8
elif units>200 and units<=300:
amttopay=(units-200)*1+80
elif units>300 and units<=400:
amttopay=(units-300)*1.5+100+80
else:
amttopay=(units-400)*2+150+100+80
print("You have consumed ",units," units")
print("Your Electricity Bill for this month : ",amttopay)

7
Output
Enter previous month reading : 2430
Enter present month reading : 2645
You have consumed 215 units
Your Electricity Bill for this month : 95

Result:
Thus the program for Electricity Bill preparation executed successfully.

8
Ex. No. 1(b)
Retail Shop Billing
Date :

Aim
To implement a python program for preparing Retail shop billing
.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the number of items purchased
3. Create empty list itemname , units and price
4. Read the name of the item , no of units and price and append to
respective list
5. Compute the amount for each item and the total amount to pay
6. Generate the bill with the particulars item name , units , price and amount
7. Print total amount to pay
8. Stop

9
 #Program to prepare a shopping bill
n=int(input("Enter no. of items purchased : "))
itemname=[]
units=[]
price=[]
totamt=0
for i in range(1,n+1):
item=input("Enter name of the item purchased : ")
u=int(input("Enter no. of units purchased : "))
p=int(input("Enter price of the item purchased : "))
itemname.append(item)
units.append(u)
price.append(p)
count=len(units)
print("\t\t\t\tXYZ Super Market\n\n") print("\
tItem Name\t\tUnits\tPrice\t\tAmount") for i in
range(count):
print("\t",itemname[i],"\t\t\t",units[i],"\t",price[i],"\t\t",units[i]*price[i]) totamt=totamt+units[i]*price[i]
print("\n\n\t\t\t\tTotal amount to pay : ",totamt)

print("\n\n\n\t\t\t\t Thank You , Visit Again")

Output
Enter no. of items purchased : 3
Enter name of the item purchased : soap
Enter no. of units purchased : 5
Enter price of the item purchased : 60
Enter name of the item purchased :
oil Enter no. of units purchased : 2
Enter price of the item purchased : 220
Enter name of the item purchased :
Biscuit Enter no. of units purchased : 8
Enter price of the item purchased : 20

XYZ Super Market

Item Name Units Price Amount

soap 5 60 300
oil 2 220 440
Biscuit 8 20 160

Total amount to pay : 900

Thank You , Visit Again

Result

Thus the program for retail shopping bill executed successfully.

Ex. No. 1(c)
Sine Series
Date :

Aim
To generate sine series for the given input.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read 2 values x and n
3. Initialize sum to 0 , sign to -1 , fact and i to 1.
4. Calculate p and x for range 1 to i*2
5. Change the sign , multiply sign*p/fact and add it to sum
6. Print the sine series value
7. Stop
#program to find sum of sine series x-x3/3!+x5/5!........
x=int(input("Enter value of x"))
n=int(input("Enter value for
n")) sign=-1
fact=i=1
sum=0
while i<=n:
p=1
fact=1
for j in
range(1,i*2):
p=p*x
fact=fact*j
#print(p," ",fact)
sign=-1*sign
sum=sum+sign*p/fact
i=i+1
print("Sin( ",x," ) = ",sum)

Output
Enter value of x2
Enter value for
n2
Sin( 2 ) = 0.6666666666666667

Result
Thus the sine series for the given input generated successfully.
Ex. No. 1(d)
Weight of a motor bike
Date :

Aim
To find the weight of a motor bike from the list of bikes stored.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Create a list bikebrand and bikewt to store the name of the bikes and
the weight of the bikes
3. Get the vehicle name to know the weight
4. Compare the name of the vehicle from the bikebrand and print
the corresponding bike weight
5. Stop
#Program to calculate the weight of a motor bike
Bikebrand=[“TVS Jupiter”,”Honda Activa”,”Suzuki Access”, “Passion Pro”,”Apache
RTR”]
Bikewt=[“109 Kgs”,”105 Kgs”,”103 Kgs”,”118 Kgs”,”138 Kgs”]
Bn=input(“Enter the vehicle name to know the weight”)
for i in range(0,len(bikebrand)):
if bn==bikebrand[i]:
print(“Weight of the Bike “,bikebrand[i],” is “,bikewt[i])

Output
Enter the vehicle name to know the weight
TVS Jupiter
Weight of the bike TVS Jupiter is 109 Kgs

Result
Thus the weight of a motorbike given by user generated successfully.
Ex. No. 1(e)
Finding weight of a steel bar
Date :

Aim
To write apython program forfinding the weight of a steel bar.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the diameter and length of the steel bar
3. Find the wt of the steel bar using the
formula wt=((d**2)/162.2)*l
4. Print the weight
5. Stop
 #Program to calculate the weight of a steel bar
d=int(input("Enter diameter of the steel bar "))
l= int(input("Enter length of the steel bar "))
wt=((d**2)/162.2)*l
print("Weight of the steel bar with diameter ",d, " and length ",l, " is ",wt)

Output
Enter diameter of the steel bar 20
Enter length of the steel bar 5
Weight of the steel bar with diameter 20 and length 5 is 12.33045

Result
Thus weight of the steel bar was calculated.
Ex. No. 1(f)
Compute Electric current in 3 phase AC circuit
Date :

Aim
To write a python program to compute electric current in 3 phase AC circuit

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read voltage , resistance , current and power factor from the user
3. Compute electric current=3*Voltage*resistance*Current*Power factor
4. Stop
#Program to compute electric current in 3 phase AC circuit
v=int(input(“Enter the voltage of the AC Circuit”))

c=int(input(“Enter the current value of the AC Circuit”))

pf=float(input(“Enter the power factor of the AC Circuit”))

ec=√3*v*c*pf

print(“Electric current in 3 phase AC circuit”,ec)

Output
Enter the voltage of the AC Circuit 220

Enter the current value of the AC Circuit 20

Enter the power factor of the AC Circuit 0.6

Electric current in 3 phase AC circuit 4572.48

Result

Thus the program for computing electric current in 3 phase AC circuit executed
successfully.
Ex. No. 2(a)
Exchange the values of two variables
Date :

Aim
To write a python program to exchange values of 2 variables

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read 2 numbers as a and b
3. print the values got from user
4. call the function swap by passing the 2 parameters a and b
5. Assign the value of a to b and b to a
6. print the values after exchange
7. Stop
 #Program to exchange the value of 2 variables

def swap(a,b):
a,b=b,a
print(“After swapping”)
print(“Value of a = “,a, “ and value of b =
“,b) a=int(input(“Enter first number”))
b=int(input(“Enter second number”))
print(“Before swapping”)
print(“Value of a = “,a, “ and value of b = “,b)
swap(a,b)

Output
Enter first number25
Enter second
number45 Before
swapping
Value of a = 25 and value of b = 45
After swapping
Value of a = 45 and value of b = 25

Result
Thus the values of 2 variables exchanged successfully.
Ex. No. 2(b)
Circulate the values of n variables
Date :

Aim
To write a python program to circulate the values of the elements stored in a
list.

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Read the no. of items to store in the list as n
3. Get the n element values and store it in the list origlist
4. Call function rotate by passing the list and nooftimes as argument
5. Get the items from the list from index number nooftimes to end of the
list and append it with the elements upto index number nooftimes.
6. print the updated list
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 based on no. of elements in the list
8. Stop
 #Program to circulate values of n variables
def rotate(listname,nooftimes):
updatelist=listname[nooftimes:]+listname[:nooftimes]
return updatelist
origlist=[]
n=int(input(“Enter no. of items to store in list”))
for i in range(n):
item=int(input(“Enter item
value”)) origlist.append(item)

print(“Original list”)
print(origlist)
for i in range(1,len(origlist)):
rotlist=rotate(origlist,i)
print(“rotated list after “,i, “ rotation”,rolist)
 Output
Enter no. of items to store in list4
Enter item value34
Enter item
value45 Enter
item value22
Enter item
value88 Original
list
[34, 45, 22, 88]
rotated list after 1 rotation [45, 22, 88, 34]
rotated list after 2 rotation [22, 88, 34, 45]
rotated list after 3 rotation [88, 34, 45, 22]

Result
Thus the program for circulating the values of n variables executed successfully.
Ex. No. 2(c)
Finding distance between 2 points
Date :

Aim
To write a python program to find the distance between 2 points.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the values of the first point and store it as x1,y1
3. Read the values of the second point and store it as x2,y2
4. Find the distance between 2 points using the formula
Distance=√(X2-X1)2+(Y2-Y1)2
5. print the distance computed
6. Stop
#Program to find distance between 2 points

Distance=√(X2-X1)2+(Y2-Y1)2
import math
x1=int(input("Enter values for x1 : "))
y1=int(input("Enter values for y1 : "))
x2= int(input("Enter values for x2 : "))
y2= int(input("Enter values for y2 : "))
dist=math.sqrt(((x2-x1)**2)+((y2-y1)**2))
print(dist)

Output
Enter values for x1 : 20
Enter values for y1 : 28
Enter values for x2 : 30

Enter values for y2 : 30

10.198039027185569

Result
Thus the distance between 2 points computed successfully.
Ex. No. 3(a)
Number Series
Date :

Aim
To generate a number series upto a given number.

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Read maximum number for the series n
3. Initialize the value of i as 1 and create an empty list lst.
4. Print value of i and append the i value to lst
5. Print the sum.
6. Repeat the step 4 , 5 till it reaches n+1
7. Stop
#Program to generate number series
n=int(input(“Enter the maximum no. for the series : ”))
lst=[]
for i in range(1,n+1):
print(i,”+ =”,end=” “)
lst.append(i)
print(sum(lst))

Output
Enter the maximum no. for the series5
1+=1
2+=3
3+=6
4 + = 10
5 + = 15

Result
Thus the number series for the given range printed successfully.
Ex. No. 3(b)
Number Pattern
Date :

Aim
To print the number pattern based on the input given by the user.

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Read maximum number for the series n
3. Initialize the value of i as 1 and j as 1.
4. Print the number pattern with the value of i printed j times
5. Repeat the step 4 till it reaches n+1
6. Print the number pattern with the value of j printed i times
7. Repeat the step 6 till it reaches n+1
8. Stop
#Program to generate number pattern
n=int(input("Enter the maximum no. for the series : "))
print("Number pattern 1")
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in
range(1,i+1):
print(i," ",end=" ")
print("\n")

print("Number pattern 2")

for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j," ",end=" ")
print("\n")
Output
Enter the maximum no. for the series : 5
Number pattern 1
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5

Number pattern 2
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

Result

Thus the number pattern in 2 different formats printed successfully.

Ex. No. 3(c)
Number Pyramid
Date :

Aim
To print the pyramid format pattern based on the input given by the user.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read number of rows for the series r
3. Calculate number of spaces to be printed before character.
4. Print the character pattern
5. Repeat the step 4 till condition is satisfied
6. Stop
#Program to print pyramid pattern
r=int(input("Enter no.of.rows:"))
k=0
for i in range(1,r+1):
for space in range(1,(r-i)+1):
print(end="")
while k!=(2*i-1):
print("*",end="")
k+=1
k=0
print()

Output

Enter no.of.rows:5
*
***
*****
*******
*********

Result
The character pattern in pyramid format printed successfully
Ex. No. 4(a)
Items present in a library using list
Date :

Aim
To print the items present in a library using different list operations.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Create a list in the name library and store the elements in it.
3. Print the entire list using print function.
4. Print the 1st element and the 4th element using index number of the list.
5. Print elements from index 0 to 4
6. Add a new element in the list using append function
7. Print the updated list of items in the library
8. Stop
#Program to print the items present in a library
# declaring a list of items in a Library
library=['Books','Periodicals','Newspaper','Manuscripts','Maps','Prints','Documents','Ebooks
']
# printing the complete list
print('Library: ',library)
# printing first element
print('first element:
',library[0]) # printing fourth
element
print('fourth element: ',library[3])
# printing list elements from 0th index to 4th index
print('Items in Library from 0 to 4 index: ',library[0: 5])
# printing list -7th or 3rd element from the list
print('3rd or -7th element: ',library[-7])
# appending an element to the list
library.append('Audiobooks')
print('Library list after append(): ',library)

Output
Library: ['Books', 'Periodicals', 'Newspaper', 'Manuscripts', 'Maps', 'Prints', 'Documents',
'Ebooks']
first element: Books
fourth element: Manuscripts
Items in Library from 0 to 4 index: ['Books', 'Periodicals', 'Newspaper', 'Manuscripts',
'Maps']
3rd or -7th element: Periodicals
Library list after append(): ['Books', 'Periodicals', 'Newspaper', 'Manuscripts', 'Maps',
'Prints', 'Documents', 'Ebooks', 'Audiobooks']

Result
Thus the number of items present in the library using list operations printed.
Ex. No. 4(b)
Components of a car using tuple
Date :

Aim
To demonstrate tuple operations by storing the components required to
assemble a car.

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Create 2 tuples in the name car1 and car2 and store the elements
3. Print values of a tuple car2 at index 1
4. Print number of components in each tuple using len()
5. Join contents of both tuple using + and print
6. Repeat the content of car1 twice using * operator
7. Check a component name is available or not using membership operator in and notin
8. Print a part of content in tuple using range of index numbers from and to
9. Stop
 #Program to store spare parts required to assemble a car

car1=("steering","wheels","brake","engine","seats")
car2=("accelerator","clutch","gear","horn","indicator","battery")
print("Indexing position of car2 : ",car2[1])
print("Numbers of components in car 1 : ",len(car1))
print("Numbers of components in car 2 : ",len(car2))
print("Concatenation of two car : ",car1+car2)
print("Repetition of car1 : ",car1*2)
print("Membership operator of car1 : ","engine" in car1)
print("Membership operator of car2 : ","components" not in car2)
print("Slicing of car2:",car2[0:2])
Output

Index 2 content of car 2 : clutch

Numbers of components in car1 5
Numbers of components in car 2
6
Concatenation of two car ('steering', 'wheels', 'brake', 'engine', 'seats', 'accelerator', 'clutch',
'gear', 'horn', 'indicator', 'battery')
Repetition of car1 ('steering', 'wheels', 'brake', 'engine', 'seats', 'steering', 'wheels', 'brake',
'engine', 'seats')
Membership operator of car1: True
Membership operator of car2: True
Slicing of car2: ('accelerator', 'clutch')

Result
Components of automobile to assemble a car using tuple operations executed
Ex. No. 4(c)
Materials required for construction of a building using
Date : tuple

Aim
To demonstrate tuple operations by storing the components required to
assemble a car.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Create 2 tuples in the name building1 and building2 and store the elements
3. Print values of a tuple building2 at index 1
4. Print number of components in each tuple using len()
5. Join contents of both tuple using + and print
6. Repeat the content of car1 twice using * operator
7. Check a component name is available or not using membership operator in and
not in
8. Print a part of content in tuple using range of index numbers from and to
9. Stop
#Program to store materials required for building construction

building1=("bricks","sand","cement")
building2=("tiles","paint","wood","pipes")
print("Index 1 of building1 : ",building1[1])
print("Numbers of components in building1 : ",len(building1))
print("Numbers of components in building2 : ",len(building2))
print("Concatenation of two building ",building1+building2)
print("Repetition of building1 ",building1*2)
print("Membership operator of building1: ","components" in building1)
print("Membership operator of building2: ","paint" in building2)
print("Slicing of building1:",building1[0:1])

Output

Index 1 of building1 : sand

Numbers of components in building1 : 3
Numbers of components in building2 : 4
Concatenation of two building ('bricks', 'sand', 'cement', 'tiles', 'paint', 'wood', 'pipes')
Repetition of building1 ('bricks', 'sand', 'cement', 'bricks', 'sand', 'cement')
Membership operator of building1: False
Membership operator of building2: True
Slicing of building1: ('bricks',)

Result
Materials required for construction of a building are stored and printed using
different tuple operations executed.
Ex. No. 5(a)
Languages stored in a set
Date :

Aim
To demonstrate set operations by storing the computer language details in
different sets

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Create 2 sets in the name langset1 and langset2 and store the elements
3. Print contents in each set
4. Combine the sets and print the contents using union operator |
5. Print the common languages in both set using intersection operator &
6. Print contents of languages in set1 but not in set2 using operator –
7. Stop
Program to print languages stored in a set

langset1={"C","C++","Java",".Net","Python"}
langset2={"PHP","MySQL","HTML","Python"}
print("Languages in set 1 : ",langset1)
print("Languages in set 2 : ",langset2)
print("Languages in both sets : ",langset1|langset2)
print("Languages common in both sets : ",langset1&langset2)
print("Languages in set 1 but not in set 2 are : ",langset1-langset2)

Output

Languages in set 1 : {'C++', '.Net', 'C', 'Python', 'Java'}

Languages in set 2 : {'PHP', 'HTML', 'Python', 'MySQL'}
Languages in both sets : {'Python', 'PHP', '.Net', 'HTML', 'MySQL', 'C++', 'C', 'Java'}
Languages common in both sets : {'Python'}
Languages in set 1 but not in set 2 are : {'C++', 'Java', 'C', '.Net'}

Result
Thus languages are stored in sets and executed using different set operations.
Ex. No. 5(b)
Components of an automobile using set
Date :

Aim
To demonstrate set operations by storing the components of automobile cat
and bike in different sets

Algorithm

1. Start
2. Create 2 sets in the name carcomp and bikecomp.
3. Print contents in each set
4. Combine the sets and print the contents using union operator |
5. Print the common components in both set using intersection operator &
6. Print contents of components in set1 but not in set2 using operator –
7. Stop
#Program to print components of an automobile using set
carcomp={"chassis","engine","suspension","axle","doors","Wiper","fuel tank"}
print("components of a car are ",end="")
print(carcomp)
bikecomp={"engine","brake","fuel tank"}
print("components of a bike are ",end="")
print(bikecomp)
print("components common to car and bike are
") print(carcomp&bikecomp)
print("components of car and bike combined are
") print(carcomp|bikecomp)
print("components of car but not for bike are ")
print(carcomp-bikecomp)

Output
components of a car are {'engine', 'axle', 'doors', 'fuel tank', 'chassis', 'suspension', 'Wiper'}
components of a bike are {'engine', 'brake', 'fuel tank'}
components common to car and bike are
{'engine', 'fuel tank'}
components of car and bike combined are
{'suspension', 'Wiper', 'engine', 'doors', 'chassis', 'axle', 'brake', 'fuel tank'}
components of car but not for bike are
{'Wiper', 'suspension', 'doors', 'chassis', 'axle'}

Result
Thus components of automobile car and bike are stored in sets and executed
using different set operations.
Ex. No. 5(c)
Elements of a civil structure
Date :

Aim
To demonstrate dictionary operations by storing the elements of a civil
structure.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Create a dictionary ele with 7 elements of key and value.
3. Print contents in the dictionary
4. Add a new key floor and print the dictionary content
5. Change the value of the key floor and print the updated content in the dictionary
6. Remove the key window and show updated content
7. Stop
#Program to store elements of a civil structure using dictionary
ele={"Foundation":"Spreadfooting","Column":"structural","roof":"flat","Lintel":"RCC","d
oors":"Teak Wood","Window":"Rose wood","wall":"bricks"}
print("Elements of a civil structure are : ")
print(ele)
ele["floor"]="Tiles"
print("Elements after adding
floor") print(ele)
ele["roof"]="sloped"
print("Elements after changing roof value ")
print(ele)
del ele["Window"]
print("Elements after deleting component window ")
print(ele)
Output
Elements of a civil structure are :
{'Foundation': 'Spreadfooting', 'Column': 'structural', 'roof': 'flat', 'Lintel': 'RCC', 'doors':
'Teak Wood', 'Window': 'Rose wood', 'wall': 'bricks'}
Elements after adding floor
{'Foundation': 'Spreadfooting', 'Column': 'structural', 'roof': 'flat', 'Lintel': 'RCC', 'doors':
'Teak Wood', 'Window': 'Rose wood', 'wall': 'bricks', 'floor': 'Tiles'}
Elements after changing roof value
{'Foundation': 'Spreadfooting', 'Column': 'structural', 'roof': 'sloped', 'Lintel': 'RCC', 'doors':
'Teak Wood', 'Window': 'Rose wood', 'wall': 'bricks', 'floor': 'Tiles'}
Elements after deleting component window
{'Foundation': 'Spreadfooting', 'Column': 'structural', 'roof': 'sloped', 'Lintel': 'RCC',
'doors': 'Teak Wood', 'wall': 'bricks', 'floor': 'Tiles'}

Result
Thus elements of a civil structure are stored in dictionary and executed using
different dictionary operations.
Ex. No. 6(a)
Factorial of a number using function
Date :

Aim
To compute the factorial of a given number using function.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Define a function fact and the value to compute factorial as argument
3. If argument value is 0 , it prints the result as 1.
4. If argument value is a positive number , it calculates the factorial value
by calling the function fact() recursively and print the factorial
5. Call the function fact() first by passing value 0 and then by passing value 3
6. Result returned back to called statement and printed.
7. Stop
#Program to print factorial of given number using function

def fact(n):

if n==0:

return 1

else

return n*fact(n-1)

print("Factorial of value 0 : ",fact(0))

print("Factorial of value 3 : ",fact(3))

Output

Factorial of value 0 : 1

Factorial of value 3 : 6

Result
Thus factorial for the given input is computed using function and the results
were printed.
Ex. No. 6(b)
Finding the largest element in the list using function
Date :

Aim
To find the largest element in the list using function.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the no. of elements to store nos
3. Create an empty list num
4. Add values to that by getting the input from user and append to the list num.
5. Print contents of list
6. Define a function maxi and pass the list num as argument
7. Assume index 0 as maximum and compare with the elements from index 1
till the end of list.
8. Change the value of mx if there is a value greater than the already stored mx
9. Pass the mx value to the called statement and print the maximum number.
10. Stop
#Program to print maximum element in the list
def maxi(n):
mx=n[0]
for i in range(1,len(n)):
if n[i]>mx:
mx=n[i]
return mx

nos=int(input("Enter no. of elements to store : "))

num=[]
for i in range(0,nos):
inp=int(input("Enter a number : "))
num.append(inp)
print("Elements stored in the list are ")
print(num)
m=maxi(num)
print("Maximum value stored in the list : ",m)
Output
Enter no. of elements to store : 5
Enter a number : 44
Enter a number : 890
Enter a number : 2345
Enter a number : 2
Enter a number : 588
Elements stored in the list are
[44, 890, 2345, 2, 588]
Maximum value stored in the list : 2345

Result
Thus the largest number in the list was identified using function and printed.
Ex. No. 6(c)
Finding the area of a shape using function
Date :

Aim
To find the area of a circle using function.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the radius of the circle rad
3. Define a function circle that accepts an argument radius
4. Return the values area and circumference to the called statement
5. Print area and circumference of the circle
6. Stop
Program to print area of a circle using function

pi=3.14
def circle(r):
return(pi*r*r,2*pi*r)
rad=int(input(“Enter the radius of the
circle”)) ar,circum=circle(rad)
print(“Radius of circle : “,rad)
print(“Area of circle : “,ar)
print(“Circumference of circle :
“,circum)

Output
Enter the radius of the circle20
Radius of circle : 20
Area of circle : 1256.0
Circumference of circle : 125.60000000000001

Result
Thus the area and circumference of a circle was computed using function and
printed.
Ex. No. 7(a)
Reverse a String
Date :

Aim
To write a python program for reversing a string.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the string from the user
3. Find the number of characters in string using len() function
4. Start reading from the reverse index -1 till the beginning of the string
5. Print reversed string
6. Stop
Program to print reverse of a string
str1=input(“Enter a
string”) index=-1
print(“The string entered is : “,str1)
print(“The reversed string is : “)
while index>-len(str1):
print(str1[index],end=“ “)
index+=-1

Output
Enter a
string python
The string entered is : python
The reversed string is :
nohtyp

Result
Thus the string entered by user was reversed and printed.
Ex. No. 7(b)
Checking the string is Palindrome
Date :

Aim

To write a python program for reversing a string, checking the original and
reverse are the same.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the string from the user
3. Find the number of characters in string using len() function
4. Start reading from the reverse index -1 till the beginning of the string
5. Check reversed string and original string are same. If true , print string
is palindrome otherwise print string is not a palindrome.
6. Stop
#Program to check given string is palindrome
str1=input("Enter a string :
") index=-1
str2=""
while index>=-len(str1):
str2=str2+str1[index]
index+=-1
print("Reversed string : ",str2)
if(str1==str2):
print("String entered {} is a palindrome".format(str1))
else:
print("String entered {} is not a palindrome".format(str1))

Output
Enter a string : mum
Reversed string : mum
String entered mum is a palindrome

Enter a string : liril

Reversed string : liril
String entered liril is a palindrome

Enter a string : sets

Reversed string : stes
String entered sets is not a palindrome

Result
Thus the string entered by user is a palindrome or not and printed.
Ex. No. 7(c)
Counting characters in a String
Date :

Aim
To write a python program for counting the number of characters in a string.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the string from the user
3. Find the number of characters in string using len() function
4. Initialize count as 0 and index as 0
5. Increment the count once a character for each index
6. Repeat step 5 till the end of the string is reached
7. Print the number of characters stored in count.
8. Stop
#Program to count number of characters in a string
str1=input("Enter a string : ")
index=0
count=0
while index<len(str1):
count+=1
index+=1
print("Number of characters in the string are : ",count)

Output
Enter a string : aravinda choudry
Number of characters in the string are : 16

Result
Thus the number of characters given in a string printed.
Ex. No. 7(d)
Replace characters in a String
Date :

Aim
To write a python program for counting the number of characters in a string.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read the string from the user
3. Replace the string given by using replace() function and specify the
character to find , replace and optionally number of times to replace
4. Print the string with the replaced characters.
5. Stop
#Program to replace characters in a string
str1=input("Enter a string : ")
print("String given as input : ",str1)
print("String replaced with the given character only once ")
print("The changed string is : ",str1.replace("a","v",1))
print("String replaced with the given character upt0 3 occurrences of that character : ")
print("The changed string is : ",str1.replace("a","v",3))

Output
Enter a string : aravindan
String given as input : aravindan
String replaced with the given character only once
The changed string is : vravindan
String replaced with the given character upto 3 occurences of that character :
The changed string is : vrvvindvn

Result
Thus the characters given in a string is replaced with another character and
printed.
Ex. No. 8(a)

Date : Program using pandas Dataframes

Aim
To implement program in python for working with Pandas data frame.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. import pandas with an aliased name as pd.
3. Create a given list and assign it to variable data.
4. Call the data Frame function (data), and assign it to variable t.
5. Call the Print function to print the Pandas data frame(t).
6. Stop
 #Program to work with pandas Dataframes
import pandas as pd data=={"Name":
["Ram","Subash","Raghul","Arun","Deepak"],"Age":[24,25,24, 26,25],"CGPA":
[9.5,9.3,9.0,8.5,8.8]}
t=pd.DataFrame(data)
t.index+=1
print(t)

Output

Name Age CGPA

1 Ram 24 9.5

2 Subash 25 9.3

3 Raghul 24 9.0

4 Arun 26 8.5

5 Deepak 25 8.8

Result
Thus the program pandas with dataframes executed successfully.
Ex. No. 8(b)

Date : Program using numpy

Aim
To implement program in python for working with numpy arrays.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. import numpy with an aliased name as np.
3. Create an array of values with 2 rows and 3 columns.
4. Print the values and the dimension of the array.
5. Reshape the dimension of the array using reshape.
6. Print the values and dimension
7. Stop
#Program using numpy module
import numpy as np
a = np.array([(8,9,10),(11,12,13)])
print("Original Dimension of the array : ",a.shape)
print(a)
print("Modified Dimension of the array : ",end="")
a=a.reshape(3,2)
print(a.shape)
print(a)

Output
Original Dimension of the array : (2, 3)
[[ 8 9 10]
[11 12 13]]
Modified Dimension of the array : (3, 2)
[[ 8 9]
[10 11]
[12 13]]

Result
Thus the program numpy with array executed successfully.
Ex. No. 8(c)

Date : Program using matplotlib

Aim
To implement program in python for working with matplotlib to plot charts.

Algorithm
1. Store in x=[1,2,3,4,5]
2. Store in y=[50,65,85,87,98]
3. Store in text=["IBM","Amazon","Facebook","Microsoft","Google"]

4. Store in colors=["red","orange","yellow","blue","green"]
5. Using xlim() and ylim() we can set the points as 0 to 6 on x-axis and 0 to100 on
y- axis respectively.
6. Using bar() we can create a bar graph with x,y with label as text andcolor=colors
and line width of the graph as 0.5.
7. show the x-axis and y-axis of the plot as ‘Company' and 'Percentage',show the title
as Percentage Graph.
#Program to plot a chart using matplotlib module
import matplotlib.pyplot as mpl
x=[1,2,3,4,5]
y=[50,65,85,87,98]
text=["IBM","Amazon","Facebook","Microsoft","Google"]
colors=["red","orange","yellow","blue","green"]
mpl.xlim(0,6)
mpl.ylim(0,100)
mpl.bar(x,y,tick_label=text,color=colors,linewidth=0.5)
mpl.xlabel("Company")
mpl.ylabel("Percentage")
mpl.title("Percentage Graph")
mpl.show()
Output

Result
Thus the program matplotlib for plotting a bar chart executed successfully.
Ex. No. 8(d)

Date : Program using Scipy

Aim
To implement program in python for working with Scipy to find determinant of a matrix.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. import package linalg from module scipy
3. import module numpy

4. Generate a 2D array
5. Using function det() find the determinant of the matrix and print
6. Stop.
#Program using scipy module to find determinant of the matrix
from scipy import linalg
import numpy as np
two_darray=np.array([[4.5],[3,2]])
linalg.det(two_darray)

Output
-7.0

Result
Thus the program using module scipy for finding determinant of matrix
executed successfully.
Ex. No. 9(a)

Date : File Handling – Copy one file into another

Aim
To implement program in python for copying contents of one file into another.

Algorithm
1. Start
2.Read the name of the source file and destination file
3. Opensourcefile in read modeanddestinationfile in writemode
4. Read one line from source file and write it into destination file
5. Print File Copied Successfully
6. Open the destination file in read mode and print the contents of the file
using read()
7. Stop.
#Program to copy the contents of one file into another
sfile = input("Enter Source File's Name:
") tfile = input("Enter Target File's Name:
") sourfile=open(sfile, "r")
destfile= open(sfile,
"w") for line in sourfile:
destfile.write(line)
print("File successfully
copied") sourfile.close()
destfile.close()
print("Contents of destination
file") destfile= open(sfile, "r")
print(destfile.read())
destfile.close()

Output
Enter Source File's Name: aa.txt
Enter Target File's Name: sa.txt
File successfully copied
Contents of destination file
I am writing
this file to
check the
working of copy
file

Result
Thus the program for copying the contents of one file into another executed
successfully.
Ex. No. 9(b)

Date : File Handling – Word count

Aim
To implement program in python for copying contents of one file into another.

Algorithm
1. Start
2.Read the name of the source file
3. Opensourcefile in readmode
4. Use split() to take out a line from the file
5. Create a dictionary wcount , store the new words and increment the count
the existing words
6. After completing the reading of the entire file , Print the count of each word
7. Stop.
#Program to count the number of words in a file
sfile = input("Enter Source File's Name: ")
sourfile=open(sfile, "r")
wcount={}
for line in sourfile:
word_list=line.split()
for word in word_list:
if word not in wcount:
wcount[word]=1
else:
wcount[word]=wcount[word]+1
print("Count of each word in file : ")
print("{:15}{:3}".format("Word","Frequency"))
print("-"*25)
for (word,count) in wcount.items():
print("{:15}{:3}".format(word,count))
Output
Enter Source File's Name:
aa.txt Count of each word in
file : Word Frequency

I 1
am 1
in 2
aa.txt 1
this 1
file 1
order 1
to 1
check 2
the 2
working 1
of 1
word 1
and 1
count 1

Contents of aa.txt
I am in aa.txt
this file in order to
check the working
of the word check and count

Result
Thus the program for counting the number of words in a file executed
successfully.
Ex. No. 9(c)

Date : File Handling – Longest word in a file

Aim
To implement program in python for finding the longest word in the file.

Algorithm
1. Start
2.Read the name of the source file
3. Opensourcefile in readmode
4. Use split() to take out a line from the file
5. Create a dictionary wcount , store the new words and increment the count
the existing words
6. Find the length of the word and if found to be longer than the exiting longer
, replace it with the new word
7. After completing the reading of the entire file , Print the count of each word
and also the longest word in the file
8. Stop.
#Program to find the longest word in a file
sfile = input("Enter Source File's Name: ")
sourfile=open(sfile, "r")
wcount={}
maxi=0
noofwords=0
for line in sourfile:
word_list=line.split()
for word in word_list:
if word not in wcount:
wcount[word]=1
leng=len(word)
if leng>maxi:
maxi=leng
lword=word
else:
wcount[word]=wcount[word]+1
noofwords+=1
print("Words and their occurrences in the file : ")
print(wcount)
print("Number of words in the file :
",noofwords) print("Longest word : ",lword)
Output
Enter Source File's Name: aa.txt
Words and their occurrences in the file :
{'I': 1, 'am': 1, 'in': 2, 'aa.txt': 1, 'this': 1, 'file': 1, 'order': 1, 'to': 1, 'check': 2, 'the': 2,
'working': 1, 'of': 1, 'word': 1, 'and': 1, 'count': 1}
Number of words in the file : 18
Longest word : working

Result
Thus the program for finding the longest word in a file executed successfully.
Ex. No. 10(a)

Date : Exception Handling – Divide by zero error

Aim
To implement program in python for handling the exception divide by zero.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read 2 numbers
3. Divide the first number by second number and if second number happens
to be zero , divide by zero exception occurs
4. If the second number is other than 0 , it prints the result
5. Stop.
#Program to handle exception Divide by zero
try:
n1=int(input("Enter first number"))
n2=int(input("Enter second
number")) x=n1/n2
print(n1," / ",n2, " =",x)
y=22/0
print(y)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Tried to divide by zero")

Output
58 / 2 = 29.0
Tried to divide by zero

Result
Thus the program for handling the exception divide by zero executed
successfully.
Ex. No. 10(b)

Date : Exception Handling – Voters Age validity

Aim
To implement program in python for validating voters age and handling the exception.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read age of the person
3. If age>18 print Eligible to vote otherwise print Not Eligible to vote
4. If other than number given , exception ValueError executed and shows
Input must be a number
5. If an I/O error occurs , IOError exception executed and shows IOError
6. Stop.
#Multiple exceptions in a try
def checkvote():
try:
age=int(input("Enter your age : "))
if age>18:
print("Eligible to vote")
else:
print("Not Eligible to vote")
except ValueError:
print("Input must be number")
except IOError:
print("IO Error")
#raise ValueError("Invalid age
") print("Rest of the code ")
checkvote()
Output
Enter your age : a
Input must be number
Rest of the code....

Enter your age : 20

Eligible to vote
Rest of the code....

Enter your age : 8

Not Eligible to vote
Rest of the code....

Result
Thus the program for validating voters age and handling the exception
executed successfully.
Ex. No. 10(c)

Date : Exception Handling – Student mark validity

Aim
To implement program in python for validating student mark and handling the
exception.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read mark of the student
3. If mark>0 and mark<100 print mark otherwise raise NameError and
print Invalid mark
4. If other than number given , exception ValueError executed and shows
Input must be a number
5. If an I/O error occurs , IOError exception executed and shows IOError
6. Stop.
#Program to check the validity of the student mark entry
def checkmark():
try:
mark=int(input("Enter student mark : "))
if mark>0 and mark<=100:
print("Marks Entered is ",mark)
else:
raise NameError("Invalid mark ")
except ValueError:
print("Input must be number")
except IOError:
print("IO Error")

print("Rest of the code.....")

checkmark()
Output
Enter student mark : ww
Input must be number
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/HP/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python310/stu.py", line 15, in
<module>
checkmark()
File "C:/Users/HP/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python310/stu.py", line 13, in
checkmark
raise ValueError("Invalid mark ")
ValueError: Invalid mark

Enter student mark : 54

Marks Entered is 54
Rest of the code....

Enter student mark : -4

Traceback (most recent call
last):
File "C:/Users/HP/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python310/stu.py", line 17, in
<module>
checkmark()
File "C:/Users/HP/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python310/stu.py", line 9, in
checkmark
raise NameError("Invalid mark ")
NameError: Invalid mark

Result
Thus the program for validating student mark and handling the exception
executed successfully.
Ex. No. 11

Date : Exploring pygame tool

Aim
To implement program in python for exploring pygame tool to print text in desired size
and font

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Set the display mode using setmode
3. Give the font size and color of the text to display
4. Make the background color as white
5. Set the x , y position of the text using blit() and display the text
6. Stop.
#Program to print text in desired size using pygame tool
import pygame
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
done = False

#load the fonts

font = pygame.font.SysFont("Times new Roman", 72)
text = font.render("Hello, Pygame", True, (158, 16, 16))
while not done:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
done = True
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
screen.blit(text,(320 - text.get_width() // 2, 240 - text.get_height() // 2))

pygame.display.flip()
Output

Result
Thus the program for printing the text in desired size and color using pygame
tool executed successfully.
Ex. No. 12

Date : Bouncing Ball game

Aim
To implement program in python for bouncing a ball

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Set the width and height of the window
3. Make the background color as white
4. Set the caption as Bouncing Ball
5. Select the ball image and make it display on screen
6. Check the endpoints of the window left,right,up and down and make the
ball to reset position
7. Stop.
#Program to bounce a ball

import sys,

pygame

pygame.init()

size = width, height = 800, 400

speed = [1, 1]

background = 255, 255, 255

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

pygame.display.set_caption("Bouncing ball")

ball = pygame.image.load("ball.png")

ballrect = ball.get_rect()

while 1:

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

sys.exit()

ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)

if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:

speed[0] = -speed[0]

if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:

speed[1] = -speed[1]

screen.fill(background)

screen.blit(ball, ballrect)

pygame.display.flip()
 Output

Result
Thus the program for bouncing ball using pygame tool executed successfully.