IT Skills Lab 2
Subject Code: KMBN 251
PRACTICAL FILE
(SESSION 2023- 2025)
Submitted by Submitted to
Ayush Tyagi Mansi Tomar
Roll no- 2300380700043 (Assistant Professor- IT)
MBA 2 Sem
Section- D
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, GHAZIABAD
GT Road, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad-
201007 www.its.edu.in
Table of Content
S.NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO
1 Pivot Table 1
2 Solver 13
3 Goal Seek 16
4 Scenario Manager 18
5 VLOOKUP And HOOKUP 21
6 Counta And VLOOKUP 25
7 Sumif, Sumifs, Countifs, Ifs 26
8 Charts 34
9 Data Validation 38
10 Certificate 41
1
Q-1 What is Pivot Table?
It is an advanced and versatile data analysis tool designed to help users manage and
interpret large datasets efficiently. By transforming extensive rows and columns of
raw data into a concise, tabular format, Pivot Tables facilitate the summarization and
exploration of information. Users can group and aggregate data based on specific
criteria, making it easier to analyze and draw meaningful conclusions. It allow users
to quickly reorganize data by dragging and dropping fields into various
configurations. This feature makes it simple to calculate statistics such as sums,
averages, counts, and percentages. For instance, a user can easily determine the total
sales by region, average sales per product, or the count of transactions within a
specific time frame. This ability to manipulate data dynamically provides valuable
insights into patterns, trends, and outliers, which are crucial for informed decision-
making. It is highly customizable, enabling users to create tailored reports that meet
specific needs. Whether it's a sales report, financial summary, or inventory analysis,
Pivot Tables can present the data in a clear and understandable format. Their dynamic
nature means that they can be easily refreshed with new data, ensuring that analyses
remain accurate and up-to-date.
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Solution (b)-
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Problem (2)-
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Solution(a)-
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Solution(b)-
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Q-2 What is Solver?
It is a powerful optimization tool designed for complex decision-making and problem-
solving. It works by manipulating multiple variables to find the best possible solution
that aligns with a specific goal, such as maximizing profits, minimizing costs, or
achieving optimal efficiency. This capability makes it an essential tool in various
fields, including finance, logistics, and operations management. It adjusts the values
of decision variables within defined constraints to achieve the desired outcome. For
example, in financial modelling, it can help maximize the return on investment by
adjusting the proportions of different assets in a portfolio while adhering to risk and
budget constraints. Similarly, in resource allocation, Solver can determine the optimal
distribution of resources such as labor, materials, or capital to various projects to
maximize overall productivity or minimize costs.
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Q-3 What is Goal seek?
Goal Seek in Excel is a powerful feature designed for performing what-if analysis,
enabling users to find the necessary input values to achieve specific outcomes in their
formulas. This tool operates by allowing users to work backwards from a desired
result, effectively solving for an unknown variable that will produce the target value
within a given formula. This reverse calculation is particularly useful for scenarios
where the relationship between variables is well-defined, but the specific input
required to achieve a target outcome is unknown. For example, consider a formula
that calculates profit based on sales revenue and costs. If a business wants to
determine the exact sales figure needed to achieve a specific profit target, Goal Seek
can automate this process. The user sets the target profit as the desired outcome and
specifies the sales figure as the variable to adjust. Goal Seek then iteratively adjusts
the sales value until the formula's output matches the target profit.
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Q-4 What is Scenario Manager?
It enables users to create and store various versions of a spreadsheet model, each
representing a different scenario or situation. This feature is particularly useful in
financial modelling, budgeting, and strategic planning, where exploring the impact of
different assumptions or variables is crucial. To use Scenario Manager, users define
different scenarios by specifying values for selected cells that represent variables in
their model. Excel then stores these scenarios, along with their corresponding input
values, allowing users to switch between scenarios to see how changes affect
outcomes such as profit, costs, or other key metrics. Each scenario can be named and
annotated to provide context and facilitate comparison. It helps users evaluate the
robustness of their plans and decisions by analysing potential outcomes under varying
conditions. It promotes informed decision-making by enabling users to assess risks,
opportunities, and uncertainties effectively. By presenting a structured way to explore
different scenarios within a single Excel workbook, Scenario Manager enhances
flexibility and insight in decision support processes across various business and
analytical contexts.
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Q-5 What is V-Lookup and H-lookup?
VLOOKUP (Vertical Lookup)
VLOOKUP stands for "Vertical Lookup." This function searches for a value in the
first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from a specified column. It
is especially useful when working with vertically organized data. The syntax for
VLOOKUP is:
VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
lookup_value: The value to search for in the first column of the table.
table_array: The range of cells that contains the data.
col_index_num: The column number in the table from which to retrieve the
value.
range_lookup: Optional. TRUE for an approximate match or FALSE for an
exact match.
Problem-
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HLOOKUP (Horizontal Lookup)
HLOOKUP stands for "Horizontal Lookup." This function searches for a value in the
first row of a table and returns a value in the same column from a specified row. It is
ideal for horizontally organized data. The syntax for HLOOKUP is:
HLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
lookup_value: The value to search for in the first row of the table.
table_array: The range of cells that contains the data.
row_index_num: The row number in the table from which to retrieve the
value.
range_lookup: Optional. TRUE for an approximate match or FALSE for an
exact match.
Problem-
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Q-6 What is Counta?
The COUNTA function counts cells containing any type of information, including
error values and empty text (""). For example, if the range contains a formula that
returns an empty string, the COUNTA function counts that value.
The COUNTA function does not count empty cells.
Problem-
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Q-7 What is Sumif, Sumifs, Countifs, Ifs ?
SUMIF
SUMIF is used to sum the values in a range that meet a specified criterion.
Syntax:
SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
range: The range of cells to evaluate.
criteria: The condition that determines which cells to sum.
sum_range: The actual cells to sum (optional). If omitted, the function sums
the cells in the range.
SUMIFS
SUMIFS is used to sum the values in a range that meet multiple criteria.
Syntax:
SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], ...)
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sum_range: The range of cells to sum.
criteria_range1: The range to evaluate for the first criterion.
criteria1: The first condition to meet.
Additional criteria ranges and conditions can be specified as needed.
COUNTIFS
COUNTIFS counts the number of cells that meet multiple criteria.
Syntax:
COUNTIFS(criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], ...)
criteria_range1: The range to evaluate for the first criterion.
criteria1: The first condition to meet.
Additional criteria ranges and conditions can be specified as needed.
IFS
IFS evaluates multiple conditions and returns a value corresponding to the first true
condition.
Syntax:
IFS(logical_test1, value_if_true1, [logical_test2, value_if_true2], ...)
logical_test1: The first condition to evaluate.
value_if_true1: The value to return if logical_test1 is true.
Additional conditions and values can be specified as needed.
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Charts
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Data Validation
Data validation is a process used to ensure the accuracy, quality, and integrity of data
before it is processed or stored. This process involves checking the data against
predefined rules or criteria to verify that it is correct, complete, and within acceptable
parameters. Validation can be applied to different types of data, such as numerical
values, text, dates, and more. Common validation checks include:
1. Range Check: Ensures that data falls within a specified range. For example, a
valid age might be between 0 and 120.
2. Format Check: Ensures that data is in the correct format. For example, a date
might need to be in the format DD/MM/YYYY.
3. Consistency Check: Ensures that data is consistent with other related data.
For example, an end date should not be earlier than a start date.
4. Completeness Check: Ensures that all required fields are filled. For example,
a form submission might require a name, address, and email.
5. Uniqueness Check: Ensures that data does not duplicate existing entries
where uniqueness is required. For example, a user email in a registration
system should be unique.
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CERTIFICATE
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