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Computer Networks Lab 1 by Daya Shankar Adhikari

This lab report details the construction of various network cables using cat-6, UTP, and RJ-45, focusing on straight-through, crossover, and rollover cables. It emphasizes the importance of proper cabling standards (EIA/TIA-568A and 568B) for effective communication and network performance. The report concludes with a practical understanding of cable types and their applications in networking.

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16 views9 pages

Computer Networks Lab 1 by Daya Shankar Adhikari

This lab report details the construction of various network cables using cat-6, UTP, and RJ-45, focusing on straight-through, crossover, and rollover cables. It emphasizes the importance of proper cabling standards (EIA/TIA-568A and 568B) for effective communication and network performance. The report concludes with a practical understanding of cable types and their applications in networking.

Uploaded by

dayashankar.221215
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Affiliated To Pokhara University

NEPAL COLLEGE OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BALKUMARI, LALITPUR

A Lab Report
On
Subject : Computer Networks

TITLE : Construction of various cables using cat-6, UTP & RJ-45

Report No: 01

Submitted By Submitted To
Name: Daya Shankar Adhikari Instructor: Er. Suman Dahal
Roll No: 221215 Department: Computer
Semester: 6th sem Submission Date:2082/01/14
Faculty: Science & Technology
Theory:-
Affiliated To Pokhara University

Title:- Construction of various cables using cat-6, UTP and RJ-


45 as follows:-
1) Straight Through
2) Cross-over
3) Roll Over

Objectives:- To be familiar to use cables to create networks


Theory:-
Introduction:-
In computer networks, cables are used to connect devices like
computers, switches, and routers. Proper cabling is important for fast and
reliable communication. Different types of cables and wiring standards
are used based on the need.

Types of Cables Used in Networking

1. Twisted Pair Cable

• Made of pairs of copper wires twisted together.


• Reduces electrical noise and signal interference.
• Two main types:
o UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) – No shielding,
cheaper and common.
o STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) – Extra shielding to
protect from interference.

Fig:- Twisted Pair Cable


Affiliated To Pokhara University

Applications:

• Local Area Networks (LANs).


• Office, school, and home networking.
• Ethernet connections.

2. Coaxial Cable

• Single copper core surrounded by insulation, metal


shielding, and outer jacket.
• Strong resistance to interference.

Fig:- Coaxial Cable

Applications:

• Cable television systems.


• Older Ethernet networks (now mostly replaced by twisted
pair).

3. Fiber Optic Cable

• Uses glass or plastic fibers to transmit data as light signals.


• Immune to electrical interference.
• Very high speed and long distance.
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Fig:- Fiber optical Cable

Applications:

• Internet backbone connections.


• Data centers and high-speed broadband.

Wiring Standards: EIA/TIA-568A and 568B

➔ To connect twisted pair cables to RJ45 connectors properly,


there are two important wiring standards:

• EIA/TIA-568A
• EIA/TIA-568B

These define the order in which the colored wires are arranged
inside the connector, ensuring consistent communication
between devices.
Affiliated To Pokhara University

Color Code for T568A and T568B

Pin Numbers T568A Color T568B Color


1. White green White orange
2. Green Orange
3. White orange White green
4. Blue Blue
5. White blue White blue
6. Orange Green
7. White brown White brown
8. Brown Brown

Fig:- Color Code for T568A and T568B


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Cable Types Based on Standards

1. Straight-Through Cable

• Same standard on both ends (either 568A to 568A or 568B


to 568B).
• Purpose: Connect different types of devices (like computer
to switch, switch to router).

Example:

• PC → Switch
• Switch → Router

Fig:- Straight-Through cable color coding for T-568A

2. Crossover Cable

• Different standards on each end (one end 568A, other end


568B).
• Purpose: Connect similar devices (like computer to
computer, or switch to switch without using uplink port).

Example:

• PC → PC
• Switch → Switch
Affiliated To Pokhara University

Fig:-Crossover color Coding

3. Rollover Cable

• All pin connections are reversed (Pin 1 to Pin 8, Pin 2 to Pin


7, etc.).

Purpose: Connect a computer (PC or laptop) to the console port


of a router or switch for configuration.

Example:

• PC → Router (Console Port)


• PC → Switch (Console Port)

Fig:-Rollover cable color coding for T-568B


Affiliated To Pokhara University

Applications of 568A and 568B in Networking


Cable Type Wiring Standard Applications
Straight- 568A to 568A or 568B to Connecting different devices
Through 568B (PC to Switch)
Crossover 568A to 568B Connecting same devices (PC
to PC, Switch to Switch)
Rollover Pin 1 to Pin 8, Pin 2 to Pin Connecting PC to
7, etc. Router/Switch Console Port
for Configuration

Q) Why Proper Cabling is Important ?


->
• Prevents communication errors.
• Improves network performance.
• Makes troubleshooting easier.
• Helps maintain standards across all network setups.
Affiliated To Pokhara University

Conclusion
In this lab, we learned how to use different types of cables for
building networks. We understood the importance of cabling standards
like EIA/TIA 568A and 568B. By applying the correct color coding, we
practiced creating proper network connections. This lab helped us gain
basic skills in network cabling and setup.

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