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Bihar STET Computer Science Detailed Notes

The document provides detailed notes on various computer science topics including computer fundamentals, programming concepts, data structures, operating systems, DBMS, computer networks, web technologies, software engineering, and ICT in education. It covers the generations of computers, number systems, programming languages, data structures, operating system functions, database management, network types, web development technologies, and the software development life cycle. Additionally, it highlights the use of ICT tools in education and their advantages.

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pankaj yadav
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153 views6 pages

Bihar STET Computer Science Detailed Notes

The document provides detailed notes on various computer science topics including computer fundamentals, programming concepts, data structures, operating systems, DBMS, computer networks, web technologies, software engineering, and ICT in education. It covers the generations of computers, number systems, programming languages, data structures, operating system functions, database management, network types, web development technologies, and the software development life cycle. Additionally, it highlights the use of ICT tools in education and their advantages.

Uploaded by

pankaj yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bihar STET Computer Science - Detailed Notes

1. Computer Fundamentals

Generations of Computers:

- First Generation (1940-1956): Used vacuum tubes, very large in size, slow and expensive.

- Second Generation (1956-1963): Used transistors, faster than vacuum tubes.

- Third Generation (1964-1971): Used integrated circuits (ICs).

- Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Use of microprocessors (thousands of ICs on a single chip).

- Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond): Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Number Systems:

- Binary (Base-2), Decimal (Base-10), Octal (Base-8), Hexadecimal (Base-16).

- Conversion techniques between these systems.

Memory Types:

- Primary: RAM (volatile), ROM (non-volatile).

- Secondary: Hard Disk, SSD, Optical Disks.

- Cache Memory: Very fast memory between CPU and RAM.

- Registers: Small amount of storage in the CPU.

2. Programming Concepts

Programming Languages:

- Low-Level (Machine & Assembly), High-Level (C, C++, Python, Java).

Control Structures:

- Conditional: if, if-else, switch.

- Looping: for, while, do-while.

OOP Principles:

- Encapsulation: Wrapping data and code together.

- Inheritance: Acquiring properties of one class into another.


- Polymorphism: Many forms (overloading & overriding).

- Abstraction: Hiding internal details and showing functionality.

Example (C++):

class Student {

public:

int id;

void display() {

cout << id;

};

3. Data Structures

Linear Structures:

- Array: Fixed size, same data type.

- Stack: LIFO - push, pop operations.

- Queue: FIFO - enqueue, dequeue.

Non-Linear Structures:

- Linked List: Nodes with data and pointer.

- Tree: Hierarchical data structure with root and child nodes.

Searching:

- Linear: Check each element one by one.

- Binary: Divide and conquer (sorted list).

Sorting:

- Bubble: Compare and swap.

- Insertion: Insert elements at proper place.

- Quick Sort: Pivot-based partitioning.

4. Operating System
Functions:

- Process Management, Memory Management, Device Management, File System.

Process Scheduling:

- FCFS (First Come First Serve)

- SJF (Shortest Job First)

- Round Robin

Deadlock:

- Occurs when two or more processes wait indefinitely for resources.

File Systems:

- FAT, NTFS, ext4

5. DBMS

Database:

- Collection of related data.

DBMS:

- Software to manage databases (MySQL, Oracle).

Keys:

- Primary Key: Unique identifier.

- Foreign Key: Links two tables.

Normalization:

- 1NF, 2NF, 3NF: Remove redundancy.

SQL Commands:

- SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

- Example:

SELECT name FROM students WHERE marks > 75;


6. Computer Networks

Types:

- LAN: Local Area Network

- MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

- WAN: Wide Area Network

OSI Model:

1. Physical

2. Data Link

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

Devices:

- Hub: Basic connection device.

- Switch: Smarter than hub, creates network paths.

- Router: Connects different networks.

- Modem: Modulates/demodulates signals.

7. Web Technologies

HTML:

- Basic structure of a web page.

- Tags: <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <a>, <img>, <p>

CSS:

- Cascading Style Sheets: Styling HTML.

- Example:

body { background-color: lightblue; }


JavaScript:

- Client-side scripting language.

- Adds interactivity to websites.

Example:

<script>

alert("Welcome to STET Preparation!");

</script>

8. Software Engineering

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC):

1. Requirement Analysis

2. Design

3. Implementation

4. Testing

5. Deployment

6. Maintenance

Models:

- Waterfall: Step-by-step.

- Agile: Iterative and flexible.

Testing:

- Unit: Individual module.

- Integration: Combined modules.

- System: Entire system.

9. ICT in Education

ICT Tools:

- Google Classroom, MS Teams, Zoom, LMS platforms.

Advantages:
- Interactive learning, e-content, virtual labs.

Digital Literacy:

- Basic knowledge of operating systems, internet usage, and security.

Use in Classrooms:

- Smartboards, animations, simulations, digital content for active learning.

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