Scribd
Upload
14 views45 pages

Unit 4

Unit 4 covers Digital Electronics, focusing on number systems, code conversions, and arithmetic operations including addition and subtraction using 1's and 2's complements. It also includes topics on Binary Coded Decimal numbers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, and logic design with two and three input variables. The unit concludes with half-adder and full-adder concepts.

Uploaded by

shreepranavg2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views45 pages

Unit 4

Unit 4 covers Digital Electronics, focusing on number systems, code conversions, and arithmetic operations including addition and subtraction using 1's and 2's complements. It also includes topics on Binary Coded Decimal numbers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, and logic design with two and three input variables. The unit concludes with half-adder and full-adder concepts.

Uploaded by

shreepranavg2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 45

UNIT-4

Digital Electronics

Syllabus: Introduction, decimal system, Binary, Octal and


Hexadecimal number systems, addition and subtraction, fractional
number, Binary Coded Decimal numbers. Boolean algebra, Logic gates,
Two Variable and three variable K – maps - Half-adder, Full-adder,
Logic Design based on two and three input variables only.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topics: Introduction, decimal system, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal
number systems

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Code Conversions:
Converting other number systems to Binary number system:
Octal to Binary:
Decimal to Binary:
Hexadecimal to Binary:
Converting other number systems to Octal number system:
Binary to Octal
Decimal to Octal
Hexadecimal to Octal

Converting other number systems to Decimal number system:


Binary to Decimal
Octal to Decimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Converting other number systems to Hexadecimal number system:
Converting Binary to Hexadecimal
Converting Octal to Hexadecimal
Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
Topics: Addition and subtraction, fractional number
Sub Topic: Ones (1’s) complement
Procedure:
Replace 1 with 0 and 0 with 1

Q1: Find 1’s complement of 1110


Ans: 0001
Q2: Find 1’s complement of 00000
Ans: 11111
Q3: Find 1’s complement of 1010
Ans: 0101
Q4: Find 1’s complement of 1110
Ans: 0001
Q5: Find the ones complement of 6
Ans:
First find binary number for “6” by writing 421 code

421  110

= (4x1)+(2x1)+(1x0)
= 4+2 +0
= 6

Ones complement of ( 110)  001


Answer: 001

The result is 0001


Q6: Find the ones complement of 125
Ans:
26 25 24 23 22 21 20
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 1

64+32+16+8+4+1=125
Binary format of 125 is 1111101

ones complement of 125 is 0000010


--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sub Topic: Twos(2’s) complement
Procedure:
2’s complement=1’s complement +1 (LSB)
Addition:
A B Sum Carry
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
Arithmetic operations:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction

1. Addition:
A+B=C
A is called Augend
B is called Addend

0+0 = Sum 0 , carry 0


0+1= Sum 1 , carry 0
1+0= Sum 1 , carry 0
1+1= Sum 0 ,carry 1
1+1+1= Sum 1 , carry 1

Q1: Find the sum of (1001)2 and (1000)2


Ans:
First number 1 0 0 1
Second number 1 0 0 0
Carry bits 1
Final result 1 0 0 0 1

Therefore, answer is (10001)2


Q2: Find the sum of (1001)2 and (1010)2
Ans:
First number 1 0 0 1
Second number 1 0 1 0
Carry bits 1
Final result 1 0 0 1 1

Therefore, answer is (10011)2

Q3: Find the sum of (11001)2 and (11001)2


Ans:
First number 1 1 0 0 1
Second number 1 1 0 0 1
Carry bits 1 1 1
Final result 1 1 0 0 1 0

Therefore, answer is (110010)2

Q4: Find the sum of (10000)2 and (100)2


Ans:
First number 1 0 0 0 0
Second number 1 0 0
Carry bits
Final result 1 0 1 0 0

Therefore, answer is (10100)2

Q5: Find the sum of (111.11)2 and (11.1)2

First number 1 1 1 . 1 1
Second number 1 1 . 1
Carry bits 1 1 1 1
Final result 1 0 1 1 . 0 1

Therefore, the result is (1011.01)2

Q6: Find the sum of (110.11)2 and (0.1)2

First number 1 1 0 . 1 1
Second number 0 . 1
Carry bits 1
Final result (Sum) 1 1 1 . 0 1

Therefore, the result is (111.01)2

Q7: Find the sum of (8)10 and (9)10. Show the sum in binary.

First number 1 0 0 0
Second number 1 0 0 1
Carry bits 1
Final result (Sum) 1 0 0 0 1

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic: Binary Subtraction
A-B

A  Minuend
B Subtrahend

Subtraction using 1’s complement


Procedure:
1. Find minuend and subtrahend
2. Find 1’s complement of subtrahend
3. Add 1’s complement subtrahend to the minuend
4. If carry is generated then add the carry to LSB of the result and
the sign of the result is positive.
5. If carry is not generated then perform 1’s complement again to
the result and the sign is negative.

Q1: Calculate (010)2 − (011)2 using 1’s complement method.


Q2: Calculate (10100)2 − (11111)2 using 1’s complement method.

Q3: Calculate (010.1)2 – (111.1)2 using 1’s complement method.


Q4: Calculate (1011001.01)2 − (1100100.10)2 using 1’s complement
method.
Q5: Calculate (8.5)10 − (3.5)10 using 1’s complement method.
Subtraction using 2’s complement
Procedure:
1. Find minuend and subtrahend
2. Find 2’s complement of subtrahend
3. Add 2’s complement of subtrahend to the minuend
4. If carry is generated then cancel the carry in the result and the
sign of the result is positive.
5. If carry is not generated then perform 2’s complement again to
the result and the sign is negative.

Q1: Calculate (010)2 − (011)2 using 2’s complement method.

Q2: Calculate (10100)2 − (11111)2 using 2’s complement method.


Q3: Calculate (1011.1)2 − (101.1)2 using 2’s complement method.

Check your class notebook


--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic: Binary Coded Decimal numbers
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic: Logic gates
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic: Boolean algebra
Topic: Logic Design based on two and three input variables only
Simplification of Boolean expressions using Boolean Laws
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic: Two Variable and three variable K – maps
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic:Half-adder
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Topic:Full-adder
--------------------------------------------------------------------
END OF UNIT-4

You might also like