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Periodic Functions and Their Graph Filled in

The document discusses periodic functions, specifically focusing on trigonometric functions such as sine and cosine. It explains the concept of periodicity, the domain and range of these functions, and their transformations, including amplitude, period, and horizontal shifts. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts, including the application of transformations to sine and cosine functions.

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matthewcheung68
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9 views4 pages

Periodic Functions and Their Graph Filled in

The document discusses periodic functions, specifically focusing on trigonometric functions such as sine and cosine. It explains the concept of periodicity, the domain and range of these functions, and their transformations, including amplitude, period, and horizontal shifts. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts, including the application of transformations to sine and cosine functions.

Uploaded by

matthewcheung68
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Periodic Functions and their Graphs

In the lesson, we study graph of trigonometric functions.

Example 1

A Ferris wheel 160 meters tall which completes one


rotation approximately every 30 minutes. It means it
completes 1 cycle, or 1 revolution, and then repeats this
revolution over and over again.
This is an example of a periodic function, because the
Ferris wheel repeats its revolution or one cycle every 30
minutes, and so we say it has a period of 30 minutes.

Periodic Functions
A periodic function is a function for which a specific horizontal shift, P, results in the
original function: f ( x  P )  f ( x) for all values of x. When this occurs we call the smallest
such horizontal shift with P > 0 the period of the function.

Example 1
What is the period of sine function? How about cosine function?

Listing some of the values for sine and cosine on a unit circle,
θ 0      3 2
6 4 3 2 2
cos 1 3 2 1 0 -1 0 1
2 2 2
sin 0 1 2 3 1 0 -1 0
2 2 2
Domain and Range of Sine
and Cosine
The domain of sine and cosine is
all real numbers, (,  ) .
The range of sine and cosine is
the interval [-1, 1].

Both these graphs are called sinusoidal graphs.

Looking at these functions on a domain centered at the vertical axis helps reveal symmetries.

sine cosine

Negative Angle Identities


The sine is an odd function, symmetric about the origin, so sin( )   sin( ) .
The cosine is an even function, symmetric about the y-axis, so cos( )  cos( ) .

We see that if we horizontally shift the cosine function to the right by π/2 we get the sine
function.

 
You may recall the cofunction identity from last chapter, sin( )  cos    .
2 
Transforming Sine and Cosine

Transformations of Sine and Cosine


Given an equation in the form f (t )  A sinBt  C   k or f (t )  A cosBt  C   k
|A| is the vertical stretch, and is the amplitude of the function. Amplitude is the half of the
distance between the maximum and the minimum.
2
B is the horizontal stretch/compression ( B  0 ), and is related to the period, P, by P  .
B
C
 is the horizontal shift, C  0 the shift is to the left and C  0 the shift to the right.
B
k is the vertical shift and determines the midline of the function.

The diagram shows midline, amplitude and period.

A
y=k

A
P

Example 2
Determine the midline, amplitude, period and horizontal shift of the function
f (t )  3 sin2t     1
Example 3
The graph of f ( x)  sinx  is drawn in red. Find the graph of its transformations shown in black.

Example 4
The given graph is a transformation of f ( x)  cosx  . Find a formula for it.

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