P.A.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

An Autonomous Institution
(Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ grade)
POLLACHI-642 002
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

22CAMC604 QUANTITATIVE AND REASONING SKILLS

UNIT-I: QUANTITATIVE ABILITY – BASIC MATHEMATICS
Number System, Simplification, Average, Problems on Ages, Percentages, Ratio
and Proportion.

Problems on Number System

Common Divisibility Rules:

1. Divisible by 2: The number is even (last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8).

2. Divisible by 3: The sum of the digits is divisible by 3.
3. Divisible by 4: The last two digits form a number divisible by 4.
4. Divisible by 5: The number ends in 0 or 5.
5. Divisible by 6: The number is divisible by both 2 and 3.
6. Divisible by 7: Double the last digit and subtract it from the rest of the number;
if the result is divisible by 7, so is the original number.
7. Divisible by 8: The last three digits form a number divisible by 8.
8. Divisible by 9: The sum of the digits is divisible by 9.
9. Divisible by 10: The number ends in 0.
10. Divisible by 11: The difference between the sum of digits in odd places and even
places is divisible by 11.

1. Find the smallest number divisible by both 6 and 8.

(a) 24
(b) 42
(c) 6
(d) 8

Solution:

 The least common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8 is 24.

Answer: The smallest number divisible by both 6 and 8 is 24.

2. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 3: 124, 132, 145?

Solution:

 Sum of digits of 124 = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 (not divisible by 3).

 Sum of digits of 132 = 1 + 3 + 2 = 6 (divisible by 3).
 Sum of digits of 145 = 1 + 4 + 5 = 10 (not divisible by 3).
Answer: 132 is divisible by 3.

3. Find the largest 3-digit number divisible by 7.

Solution:

 Largest 3-digit number = 999.

  Divide 999 by 7: 999 ÷ 7 = 142 remainder 5.
 Subtract the remainder: 999 − 5 = 994.
Answer: The largest 3-digit number divisible by 7 is 994.

4. Is 3478 divisible by 11?

Solution:

 Odd places: 3 + 7 = 10.

 Even places: 4 + 8 = 12.
 Difference = |10 − 12| = 2 (not divisible by 11).
Answer: No, 3478 is not divisible by 11.

5. Find a number divisible by 9 between 500 and 600.

Solution:

 The first number divisible by 9 greater than 500 is 504.

 Numbers divisible by 9 in this range: 504, 513, 522, ..., 594.
Answer: One such number is 504.

6. Is 524 divisible by both 4 and 6?

Solution:

 Divisibility by 4: Last two digits = 24, divisible by 4.

 Divisibility by 6:
o Divisible by 2: Yes (last digit is even).
o Divisible by 3: Sum of digits = 5 + 2 + 4 = 11 (not divisible by 3).
Answer: No, 524 is not divisible by both 4 and 6.

7. How many 2-digit numbers are divisible by 5?

Solution:

 The smallest 2-digit number divisible by 5 is 10.

 The largest 2-digit number divisible by 5 is 95.
 Numbers divisible by 5 form an arithmetic sequence: 10, 15, 20, ..., 95.
 Formula for the nth term: an = a+(n−1)d
 95 = 10+(n−1)5, solving gives n= 18
Answer: There are 18 two-digit numbers divisible by 5.

8. Find the remainder when 12345 is divided by 8.

Solution:

 Check the last three digits: 345.

 Divide 345 by 8: 345 ÷ 8 = 43 remainder 1.
Answer: The remainder is 1.
9. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 12: 144, 156, 170?

Solution:

 Divisibility by 12 requires divisibility by both 3 and 4.

o 144: Sum of digits = 1 + 4 + 4 = 9 (divisible by 3); last two digits = 44
(divisible by 4).
o 156: Sum of digits = 1 + 5 + 6 = 12 (divisible by 3); last two digits = 56
(divisible by 4).
o 170: Sum of digits = 1 + 7 + 0 = 8 (not divisible by 3).
Answer: 144 and 156 are divisible by 12.

10. What is the smallest 4-digit number divisible by 15?

Solution:

 Smallest 4-digit number = 1000.

 Divide 1000 by 15: 1000 ÷15= 66 remainder 10.
 Add 15 − 10 = 5 to make it divisible by 15.
 1000+5=1005.
Answer: The smallest 4-digit number divisible by 15 is 1005.

Unit Digit:
Example : What is the unit digit of the expression 4993?

We know the cyclicity of 4 is 2

• From above it is clear that the cyclicity of 4 is 2.
• Now with the cyclicity number i.e. with 2 divide the given power i.e. 993 by 2 what
will be the remainder the remainder will be 1 so the answer when 4 raised to the
power one is 4.So the unit digit in this case is 4.

1. Find the unit digit of 347×562

Solution:

 Unit digit of 347 is 7.

 Unit digit of 562 is 2.
 7×2=14, unit digit = 4.
Answer: 4

2. What is the unit digit of 2345

Solution:

 Unit digit of 234 is 4.

 Cyclic pattern for 4: 4, 6.
 5 mod 2 = 1, so unit digit corresponds to the 1st position in the cycle = 4.
Answer: 4

3. Find the unit digit of 789×456×321.

Solution:

 Unit digits: 9,6,1.

 9×6 = 54, unit digit = 4.
 4×1 = 4, unit digit = 4.
Answer: 4

4. What is the unit digit of (123)3 + (456)2 ?

Solution:

 Unit digit of 123 is 3 : 33 = 27 , unit digit = 7.

 Unit digit of 456 is 6 : 62 = 36 , unit digit = 6.
 7+6=13 , unit digit = 3.
Answer: 3
5. What is the unit digit of 1927?

Solution:

 Unit digit of 19 is 9.
 Cyclic pattern for 9 : 9,1.
 27 mod 2 = 1, so unit digit corresponds to the 1st position in the cycle = 9.
Answer: 9

6. Find the unit digit of 874×362+529.

Solution:

 Unit digits: 874 = 4 , 362 = 2, 529 = 9.

 4×2 = 8.
 8+9=17, unit digit = 7.
Answer: 7

7. Find the unit digit of (246)2×(135)3

Solution:

 The unit digit of 246 is 6.

 The unit digit of 135 is 5.
 Multiply the results: 6×5=30.
 The unit digit of 30 is 0
Answer: 0
8. What will the digit in the unit position of (144)132?

Solution:

 Divide the exponent 132 by 2 (cycle length):

o 132 mod 2= 0.
 A remainder of 0 corresponds to the second position in the cycle, which is 6.
Answer: 6
23 37 45
9. Determine the digit in the units position of 13 x 27 x 19 ?

Solution:

 The unit digit of 13 is 3.

 The unit digit of 27 is 7.
 The unit digit of 19 is 9.
  Cyclic pattern for 3: 3,9,7,1 (cycle length = 4).
 Divide 23 by 4 : 23 mod 4=3.
 The 3rd position in the cycle is 7.
 So, 323 has a unit digit of 7.

 Cyclic pattern for 7: 7,9,3,1 (cycle length = 4).

 Divide 37 by 4: 37 mod 4 =1.
 The 1st position in the cycle is 7.
 So, 737 has a unit digit of 7.

 Cyclic pattern for 9: 9,1 (cycle length = 2).

 Divide 45 by 2: 45 mod 2 = 1 .
 The 1st position in the cycle is 9.
 So, 945 unit digit of 9.

 Unit digits to multiply: 7×7 = 49 .

a)7×7=49, unit digit = 9.

b)) 9×9=81 , unit digit = 1.

10. Find the unit digit of 987654321109

Solution: unit digit 1

Problem on Simplification
 It involves Addition, Subtraction , Multiplication Division, Square root and
Cube root.
 Whenever we have more than one operation in given calculation, we have to do
the operation by ‘BODMAS’
• B - Bracket
• O – Of (Multiplication)
• D - Division
• M - Multiplication
• A - Addition
• S - Subtraction
Question 11.

What will come in place of ?. (3/8 of 168) x 15 ÷ 5 + ? = 549 ÷ 9 + 235.

A) 189
B) 107
C) 296
D) None

Solution:

Answer B) 107

Question 12.

Simplify (0.001344 / 0.3 x 0.7) = ?

A) 0.0064
B) 0.064
C) 0.64
D) 6.4
Solution:
Answer A) 0.0064

Question 13.

√0.0081 is equal to :

A) 0.09
B) 0.9
C) ±0.08
D) 0.81

Solution:

Answer A) 0.09

Question 14.

0.003 x ?x 0.0003 = 0.00000027

A) 9
B) 3
C) 0.3
D) 0.03
E) None of these

Solution:

Answer C) 0.3
Question 15.

64309 - 8703 + 798 - 437 = ?

A) 55606
B) 55697
C) 55967
D) 73373

Answer C) 55967

Problems on Average
Question 1

The average of 5 numbers is 20. If one of the numbers is 25, what is the total of the other 4
numbers?
A) 70
B) 75
C) 80
D) 85

Answer: B) 75

Question 2

The average of 7 consecutive numbers is 23. What is the smallest of these numbers?
A) 19
B) 20
C) 21
D) 22

Answer: B) 20

Question 3

The average age of 10 students is 15 years. A new student aged 20 joins them. What is the
new average?
A) 15.5
B) 16
C) 16.5
D) 17

Answer: A) 15.5

Question 4

The average of three numbers is 27. If two of the numbers are 24 and 30, what is the third
number?
A) 25
B) 26
C) 27
D) 28

Answer: C) 27

Question 5

The average marks of 50 students is 72. If the marks of one student were incorrectly recorded
as 86 instead of 68, what is the correct average?
A) 71.64
B) 71.84
C) 72
D) 72.32
Answer: A) 71.64

Question 6

The average weight of 8 people is 60 kg. A person weighing 72 kg leaves the group. What is
the new average weight?
A) 58.5 kg
B) 59 kg
C) 59.5 kg
D) 60 kg

Answer: A) 58.5 kg

Question 7

The average score of 6 innings is 42. The highest and lowest scores are removed, and the new
average becomes 40. What is the sum of the highest and lowest scores?
A) 22
B) 24
C) 28
D) 32
Answer: D) 92

Question 8

The average of 5 numbers is 50. If one number is excluded, the average becomes 48. What is
the excluded number?
A) 55
B) 56
C) 57
D) 58

Answer: D) 58

Question 9

The average of 10 numbers is 30. If each number is increased by 5, what will be the new
average?
A) 30
B) 35
C) 40
D) 45
Answer: B) 35

Question 10

The average of 12 numbers is 15. If two numbers are added, the new average becomes 16.
What is the sum of the two new numbers?
A) 24
B) 32
C) 40
D) 48

Answer: D) 44

Problems on Ages
Question 1

The present age of a father is three times that of his son. After 5 years, the father’s age will be
twice that of his son. What is the son's current age?
A) 10 years
B) 15 years
C) 20 years
D) 25 years
Answer: A) 10 years

Question 2

The sum of the ages of a mother and her daughter is 50 years. Ten years ago, the mother’s
age was 4 times her daughter’s age. What is the daughter’s current age?
A) 10 years
B) 12 years
C) 14 years
D) 16 years

Answer: D) 16 years

Question 3

The ratio of the ages of two friends is 3:4, and the sum of their ages is 28 years. What is the
age of the younger friend?
A) 10 years
B) 12 years
C) 14 years
D) 16 years

Answer: B) 12 years

Question 4
Five years ago, a man was 6 times as old as his son. Now, he is 4 times as old. What is the
son’s current age?
A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 15 years
D) 20 years

Answer: B) 10 years

Question 5

A man’s age is 125% of his friend’s age, and the friend’s age is 80% of the man’s age. If their
total age is 90 years, what is the man’s age?
A) 50 years
B) 40 years
C) 60 years
D) 45 years

Answer: A) 50 years

Question 6

The present age of a mother is twice that of her daughter. Eight years ago, the mother’s age
was four times her daughter’s age. What is the mother’s current age?
A) 32 years
B) 36 years
C) 40 years
D) 44 years
Answer: C) 40 years

Question 7

The ratio of the present ages of two brothers is 4:5. After 5 years, the ratio will be 5:6. What
is the present age of the elder brother?
A) 20 years
B) 25 years
C) 30 years
D) 35 years

Answer: B) 25 years

Question 8

The average age of a family of 5 members is 30 years. If the age of the youngest member is
10 years, what was the average age of the family at the time of the youngest member’s birth?
A) 20 years
B) 24 years
C) 25 years
D) 28 years
Answer: A) 20 years

Question 9

Ten years ago, the age of a man was three times that of his son. After 10 years, the man’s age
will be twice that of his son. What is the present age of the son?
A) 10 years
B) 20 years
C) 25 years
D) 30 years

Answer: C) 25 years

Question 10

The difference between the ages of a mother and her daughter is 21 years. If the mother is 6
times the daughter’s age, what is the daughter’s current age?
A) 3 years
B) 5 years
C) 7 years
D) 9 years

Answer: A) 3 years
Problems on Percentage
1. Marked Price and Discount

A shopkeeper marks an item at 25% above its cost price and gives a discount of 10% on the
marked price. What is his profit percentage?
A. 12.5%
B. 13.5%
C. 15%
D. 10%

2. Salary Increase and Decrease

The salary of a person is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net
change in salary?
A. 0%
B. 4% decrease
C. 4% increase
D. 10% decrease

3. Population Growth

The population of a town increases by 10% annually. If the current population is 20,000,
what will be the population after 2 years?
A. 22,000
B. 24,200
C. 24,000
D. 22,500

4. Successive Discounts

A product is given two successive discounts of 20% and 10%. What is the net discount
percentage?
A. 28%
B. 30%
C. 32%
D. 25%

5. Profit Percentage

A man buys an article for Rs500 and sells it at 20% profit. What is the selling price?
A. 600
B. 520
C. 580
D. 540

6. Ratio of Boys and Girls

In a school, the ratio of boys to girls is 3:2. If 20% of the boys and 25% of the girls are
absent, what percentage of the total students are present?
A. 75%
B. 80%
C. 78%
D. 85%

7. Percentage Increase

The price of a commodity increases from ₹500 to ₹600. What is the percentage increase?
A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 30%
D. 10%

8. Discounted Price

A product costs ₹2,000 and is sold after a discount of 15%. What is the selling price?
A. 1,700
B. 1,800
C. 1,750
D. 1,900

9. Exam Score

A student scores 72 marks in an exam and this is 80% of the total marks. What are the
maximum marks?
A. 90
B. 100
C. 120
D. 150

10. Investment Returns

An investment grows by 10% in the first year and 20% in the second year. What is the overall
percentage increase in the investment after two years?
A. 30%
B. 32%
C. 33%
D. 28%
Problems on Ratio and Proportion
1. Simplifying Ratios

The ratio of 45 minutes to 1.5 hours is:

A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1

2. Distribution of Money Rs240 is divided among A, B, and C in the ratio 3:4:5. What is C's
share?
A. 60
B. 80
C. 100
D. 120

3. Ratio of Ages

The ratio of ages of A and B is 3:5. After 6 years, the ratio becomes 4:5. What is B's current
age?
A. 30 years
B. 24 years
C. 18 years
D. 36 years

4. Mixture Problem

In a mixture of 60 liters, the ratio of milk to water is 2:1. How much water must be added to
make the ratio 1:1?
A. 10 liters
B. 20 liters
C. 30 liters
D. 40 liters

5. Proportions

If x: y =3:4 and y : z =5:6 , what is x: y: z

A. 3:5:6
B. 15:20:24
C. 9:12:15
D. 4:5:6

6. Speed Ratio

The speeds of A and B are in the ratio 4:5. If A covers a distance in 40 minutes, how much
time will B take to cover the same distance?
A. 32 minutes
B. 50 minutes
C. 48 minutes
D. 36 minutes

7. Work Distribution
A and B earn in the ratio 2:3. If A earns Rs 12,000, how much does B earn?
A. 18,000
B. 20,000
C. 16,000
D. 24,000

8. Mixing Two Solutions

Two solutions have alcohol and water in the ratio 3:2 and 7:3. In what ratio should these
solutions be mixed so that the final mixture has alcohol and water in the ratio 5:3?
A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1

9. Investment Distribution

A invests Rs5,000, B invests Rs7,500, and C invests Rs10,000 in a business. If they earn a
profit of Rs 44,000, what is B’s share?
A. 15,000
B. 14,000
C. 16,000
D. 13,000

10. Sharing Work

A and B can complete a task in the ratio of 3:2. Together, they finish the task in 10 days.
How long will A take to complete the task alone?
A. 15 days
B. 20 days
C. 25 days
D. 30 days