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LectureNotes Ch13 13.8.2 HowToFindRelativeExtrema Simple

Section 13.8.2 teaches how to find relative extrema for functions of two variables using the Second Partials Test. It explains that relative extrema occur at critical points and provides a step-by-step example to identify local extrema of a specific function. The section concludes with additional examples for practice.

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9 views4 pages

LectureNotes Ch13 13.8.2 HowToFindRelativeExtrema Simple

Section 13.8.2 teaches how to find relative extrema for functions of two variables using the Second Partials Test. It explains that relative extrema occur at critical points and provides a step-by-step example to identify local extrema of a specific function. The section concludes with additional examples for practice.

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G. One
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Section 13.8.

2: How to Find Relative Extrema for f(x, y)

Learning Objectives of Subsection 13.8.2:


In this subsection 13.8.2, you will learn how to find:

1. Relative Extrema for g(x, y) using Second Partials Test.

2. Relative Extrema from Examples.

Theorem 13.6: Relative extrema occur only at critical points

If f(x,y) has a relative extrema at (x 0 ,y0 )


Then: (x 0 ,y0 ) is a Critical Point.

Example 1: Find the Local Extrema of f(x, y) on its domain using Second Partials Test

f(x, y) = − x3 + 4 xy − 2 y 2 + 1
Solution: Guideline to find Local Extrema using Second Partials Test

Step1: Find the domain of f(x, y) and check if is Open or Closed


Df =  = −, +  −, +
Here:
Df = Open Region = R

Step2: Find the First Partial Derivatives of f(x, y) on R

f x (x, y ) = − 3x 2 + 4 y
f y (x, y ) =4 x − 4 y
Step3: Find the Critical Points of f(x, y) on R

1. Find Critical Points from the Condition 1 where:

f(x 0 ,y0 ) f(x 0 ,y 0 )


Or does not exist.
x y
Here: They are defined everywhere. It does not apply in here.

f(x,y) f(x,y)
=0 and =0
2. Find the Critical Points from the Condition 2 where:
x y

f x (x, y ) =-3x 2 + 4 y = 0


 
f y (x, y) =4x-4y = 0  x = y

4
-3x 2 + 4 x = 0  x(4 − 3 x) = 0  x = 0 or x= 
3
4 4 4
x = y =  ( , ) or x=y=0  (0, 0)
3 3 3
4 4
1. f(x,y) is defined all around ( , ) and (0,0) since Df is open
3 3
4 4
2.( , ) and (0,0) are in the House of f(x,y)=Df
3 3
Then:
4 4
( , ) and (0,0) are the only Critical Points.
3 3
Step4: Calculate all the Second Partial Derivatives of f(x, y)

 f ( x, y )
f x (x, y ) = − 3 x 2 + 4 y  f xx (x, y) = ( ) = −6 x
x x
 f ( x, y )
f y (x, y ) =4 x − 4 y  f yy (x, y) = ( ) = −4
y y
 f ( x, y ) 
f xy (x, y ) = ( ) = (4 x − 4 y) = 4
x y x

f xx (x, y ) = − 6 x
f yy (x, y ) =-4
f xy (x, y ) =4
Step5: Calculate d(0,0) and d(4/3,4/3) at Critical Points and Conclude using the Second Partials Test

d=f xx (0,0)  f yy (0,0) − (f xy (0,0)) 2 = −16 0


(0,0,1 = f (0,0)) = Saddle-Point=MinMax
4 4 4 4 4 4
d=f xx ( , )  f yy ( , ) − (f xy ( , )) 2 = 16 0
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4
And: f xx ( , ) = −6  = −8 0
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
Then : f ( x, y ) has a Local Max at ( , ) which is = f( , )
3 3 3 3

Other Examples: Find the Local Extrema of f(x, y) on its domain using SPT

f(x, y ) =x 2 y 2
1
f ( x, y ) = −4( x + y + 81)
2 2 4

1
f ( x, y ) = ( x + y ) + 2
2 2 3

1
f ( x, y ) = 2 xy − ( x 4 + y 2 ) + 1
2
1
f ( x, y ) = ( − x 2 + y 2 )e1− x − y
2 2

2
1
f ( x, y ) = xy
2
Do it yourself by following the above Guideline. End of section 8.2

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