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Data_Model

The document outlines various data models used in database management systems, including the Hierarchical Model, Network Model, Entity Relationship Model, Relational Model, and Object Oriented Data Model. Each model is described in terms of its structure, relationships, and examples, highlighting how data is organized and accessed. The document emphasizes the evolution of data models from hierarchical structures to more complex relational and object-oriented frameworks.

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2 views4 pages

Data_Model

The document outlines various data models used in database management systems, including the Hierarchical Model, Network Model, Entity Relationship Model, Relational Model, and Object Oriented Data Model. Each model is described in terms of its structure, relationships, and examples, highlighting how data is organized and accessed. The document emphasizes the evolution of data models from hierarchical structures to more complex relational and object-oriented frameworks.

Uploaded by

uttamsingh.com4567
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Model

Data Model gives us an idea that how the final system will look like after its
complete implementation. It defines the data elements and the relationships
between the data elements. Data Models are used to show how data is
stored, connected, accessed and updated in the database management
system.
Hierarchical Model
Hierarchical Model was the first DBMS model. This model organizes the data
in the hierarchical tree structure. The hierarchy starts from the root which
has root data and then it expands in the form of a tree adding child node to
the parent node. This model easily represents some of the real-world
relationships like food recipes, sitemap of a website etc.

Network Model
This model is an extension of the hierarchical model. It was the most
popular model before the relational model. This model is the same as the
hierarchical model, the only difference is that a record can have more than
one parent. It replaces the hierarchical tree with a graph. Example: In the
example below we can see that node student has two parents i.e. CSE
Department and Library. This was earlier not possible in the hierarchical
model.
Entity Relationship Model(E-R Model):
The Entity Relationship(E-R) data model is based on concept of real world
that consists of a collection of basic objects called 'entities' and relationship
among the object.
Entity-
An Entity in an E-R Data Model is a real world object having properties
called Attributes.
Attributes-
Every attribute is defined by set of values called domain.

Example: In a school database, student is considered as an entity.


Student has various attributes like SName, SAge, SClass etc.

Relationship:
A logical Association among several entities.
Example: In the above example we add 'Teacher' entity with attribute
T_Name, T_class. So student and teacher can be relationship with relation
class.

One entity can have 2,3 more relationship with other entity.
Relational model
In relational model, the data and relationships are represented by collection of
inter-related tables. Each table is a group of column and rows, where column
represents attribute of an entity and rows represents records.
Sample relationship Model: Student table with 3 columns and four records.
Table: Student
Stu_Id Stu_Name Stu_Age

111 Ashish 23

123 Saurav 22
169 Lester 24

234 Lou 26
Table: Course
Stu_Id Course_Id Course_Name

111 C01 Science

111 C02 DBMS

169 C22 Java

169 C39 Computer Networks


Here Stu_Id, Stu_Name & Stu_Age are attributes of table Student and Stu_Id,
Course_Id & Course_Name are attributes of table Course. The rows with values
are the records (commonly known as tuples).
Object Oriented Data Model
In this model, both the data and relationship are present in a single
structure known as an object. We can store audio, video, images, etc in the
database which was not possible in the relational model (although you can
store audio and video in relational database, it is adviced not to store in the
relational database). In this model, two are more objects are connected
through links. We use this link to relate one object to other objects.

In the above example, we have two objects Employee and Department. All
the data and relationships of each object are contained as a single unit. The
attributes like Name, Job_title of the employee and the methods which will
be performed by that object are stored as a single object. The two objects
are connected through a common attribute i.e the Department_id and the
communication between these two will be done with the help of this
common id.

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