Scribd
Upload
13 views15 pages

Communication Technologies & Smart Grid

The document discusses various communication technologies relevant to the Smart Grid, focusing on Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and its characteristics. It covers several wireless protocols such as Zigbee, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and GPS, detailing their benefits, applications, and limitations. Additionally, it introduces Power Line Communications (PLC) as a wired technology, highlighting its challenges and comparison with other communication protocols.

Uploaded by

Roshan Dodiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views15 pages

Communication Technologies & Smart Grid

The document discusses various communication technologies relevant to the Smart Grid, focusing on Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and its characteristics. It covers several wireless protocols such as Zigbee, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, and GPS, detailing their benefits, applications, and limitations. Additionally, it introduces Power Line Communications (PLC) as a wired technology, highlighting its challenges and comparison with other communication protocols.

Uploaded by

Roshan Dodiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

NOTES

UNIT 4

Communication Technologies & Smart Grid


Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI):-

AMI is not a single technology, but rather an integration of many technologies that
provides an intelligent connection between consumers and system operators

Characteristics of AMI:-
Benefits of AMI
Advantages and special attributes of LAN
•Resource sharing

•More Area covered

•Less Cost and availability

•High channel speed

•high Flexibility
Neighborhood Area Network (NAN)

Wide area Network (WAN)


Zig-Bee:-

•Zigbeeis a short-range, low-data rate, energy efficient wireless protocol


•Zigbee utilizes ◦16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band worldwide
•13 channels in the 915MHz band in North America
•one channel in the 868MHz band in Europe It supports data rates of 250 kbps,
100kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps

Zigbee pros and cons :-


•Low cost, inexpensive devices

•Self-organizing, secure, reliable, scalable Short range and does not penetrate
structures, low data rate

•Deployment mainly in HANs

Applications of Zigbee:-
•• Smart Meter Communications with Smart Appliances

•• Smart Appliances:

•• Washer, Dryer, Dish Washer, Fridge

•• Air Conditioning

•• Pumps and Water Heaters


IEEE802.11 WiFi:-

•Data rate of IEEE 802.11 standards range from 1 Mbps to 100 Mbps
•It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band
•Low cost, widely used, stable and mature
•Small coverage, short distances, unsecure
•Wi-Fi is targeting Home Area Networks (HAN), Neighborhood Area Networks
(NAN) and Field Area Networks (FAN) in the smart grid
•Wi-Fi is already being used for municipal-scale network infrastructures outdoors

Wi-Max:-

•WiMAX is one of the hottest broadband wireless technologies around today.

•WiMAX systems are expected to deliver broadband access services to residential


and enterprise customers in an economical way.

•WiMAX could potentially be deployed in a variety of spectrum bands: 2.3GHz,


2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz
Bluetooth:-
•Bluetooth is universal for short-range wireless voice and data communication.
•It is a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology and is used for
exchanging data over smaller distances.
•This technology was invented by Ericson in 1994. It operates in the unlicensed,
industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band from 2.4 GHz to 2.485 GHz.
•Maximum devices that can be connected at the same time are 7.
•Bluetooth ranges up to 10 meters. It provides data rates up to 1 Mbps or 3 Mbps
depending upon the version

Applications :-Bluetooth:-
•It can be used in laptops, and in wireless PCs, printers.
•It can be used in wireless headsets, wireless PANs, and LANs.
•It can connect a digital camera wirelessly to a mobile phone.
•It can transfer data in terms of videos, songs, photographs, or files from one cell
phone to another cell phone or computer.
•It is used in the sectors of Medical health care, sports and fitness, Military
Advantages:
•It is a low-cost and easy-to-use device.
•It can also penetrate through walls.
•It is used for voice and data transfer.
•Disadvantages:
•It can be hacked and hence, less secure.
•It has a slow data transfer rate: of 3 Mbps.
•It has a small range: 10 meters.
•Bluetooth communication does not support routing.
GPS:-
•Global Positioning System (GPS) is a global navigation system made up of 24
satellites, and primarily funded by the United States department of Defense.
•The system which was initially made for military use, is now used in many
civilian use cases.
•A GPS tracking system is used to find out the exact location of where something
or someone is.
•Some use cases include tracking the path of vehicles such as delivery trucks, or
tracking the location of kids by parents.

There are five main uses of GPS:


•Location —Determining a position.
•Navigation —Getting from one location to another.
•Tracking —Monitoring object or personal movement.
•Mapping —Creatingmaps of the world.
•Timing —Making it possible to take precise time measurements
Power Line Communications (PLC):
•• Carrying data on a conductor also used for power transmission

•• PLC is a wired communications technology

•• But it can compete with wireless technologies with low cost

Class / Types of PLC Technologies:


•• Broadband (BB):

•• Operating at 1.8 –250 MHz.

•• Data Rate: Up to 200 Mbps

•• Initial Application: Residential Internet Access

•• Short Communication Range (few kilometers)

Challenges: PLC
•Power line communications suffer from

•Noisy channel conditions

•Channel characteristics that vary depending on the devices plugged in (switched


on)

•Electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to unshielded power lines

•Poor isolation among units

•Improper Wiring.
Comparision Between Communication Protocols

You might also like