DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RESULT

PROCESSING AND TRANSCRIPT GENERATION SYSTEM

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 APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that this project work, “Design and Implementation of

Result Processing and Transcript Generation System”, was written by

Student’s Name with Registration number Your Matric / Registration

Number and has been read and approved for the award of (Degree, ND, or

HND) in the department of (Your Department), Your School (SIAS,

SBMT, SHSS), Institution Address.

………………………………… ………………………….

Project Supervisor’s Name DATE

(Project Supervisor)

………………………………… ………………………….

Your HOD’s Name DATE

(Head of Department)

3
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who help to

make life a pleasant experience.

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department

(Name of your HOD) and the Lecturers in the department of (Your Department) for their moral

support that facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful

to God Almighty and my parent for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you

all for everything, Thank you very much.

5
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Pages

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background of the study

1.3 Statement of the problem

1.4 Aim and Objective of the study

1.5 Significance of the study

1.6 Scope of the study

1.7 Limitations of the study

1.8 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

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2.2 Conceptual Review

2.2.1 Benefits of the Design

2.2.2 Result and Process

2.3 Theoretical Review of Students’ Transcript

2.4 Concept of Student Registration

2.4.1 Online System User Registration

2.4.2 Usage of Online Registration Forms

2.5 Transcript Storage Web Portal

2.5.1 Types of Web Portals

2.6 Database for Student Transcript Web Portals

2.6.1 Merits of Integrating Databases in Web Applications

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Problem Identification

3.3 Feasibility Study

3.4 System Analysis

3.5 System Design

3.6 Program Coding

3.7 Program Testing

3.8 System Implementation

3.9 The Organizational Structure

3.10 Demographic Variables

7
3.11 Data Flow Diagram of the Present System

3.12 Information Flow

3.13 Weakness Identified

3.14 High Level Model of the Proposed System

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Objectives of the New System

4.3 Main Menu

4.3.1 File

4.3.2 Update

4.3.3 Report

4.3.4 Help

4.4 Database Specification

4.5 Course Registration

4.5.1 Department Registration

4.6 Student Result

4.7 Student Information Form

4.8 Input / Output Format

4.8.1 Input Format

4.8.2 Output Format

4.9 Mathematical Specifications

4.10 Overall Data Flow Diagram

8
4.11 Data Dictionary

4.12 Choice of Programming Language

4.13 System Documentation and Implementation

4.14 System Requirements

4.15 Hardware Requirement

4.16 Training of Operators and Application Details

4.17 Application Details

4.18 Implementation Details

4.19 Direct Changeover

4.20 Phase/Segmented Changeover

4.21 Parallel Changeover

4.22 Changeover Recommended

4.23 Commissioning

4.24 Maintenance Details

4.25 How To Install Software

4.26 Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

References

APPENDIX A - “SOURCE CODE”

9
APPENDIX B “OBJECT PROGRAM”

ABSTRACT
Result processing can be a continuous process of converting data (scores, grade points credit
units etc) into definite meaningful information (statement of result, transcript etc). These results
are used to check the performance of each student in various courses. The aim of the study is
Design and Implement a Result Processing and Transcript Generation System. In achieving this
aim, following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design and develop an application
software that will protect and limit access to students result and eliminate student's result
miscalculation which is cause by the tediousness of manual result processing and transcript
generation. The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that students
result processing and transcript generation are done manually in Federal Polytechnic Nekede
long before now. The manual method of result processing and transcript generation from my
point of view may cause duplicate results and delay in result processing and transcript
generation. The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design
methodology (SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an
application or system by applying object throughout the software development process. The
programming language used is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The
reason why web programming languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it
is a web based application. After the results and transcripts are generated automatically when
correct and complete data are entered. The expected result is an computerized Result Processing
and Transcript Generation System that will detect duplicated results and display duplicated,
omitted or uncompleted students' result.

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Over the years, several efforts have been made to alleviate the burden on teachers when it comes

to result computation/processing. Data processing is defined as the entire process of converging

or manipulating data into definite meaningful information. The information obtained at the end

of the process is the result. Therefore result processing can be seen as a continuous process of

converting data (which can be scores, grade points, credit units etc) into definite meaningful

information, which can either be statement of result or transcript. The end point of data

processing activity by the administrative unit is the product of basic documents and information

(statement of result and transcript) from basic data (which can be students’ scores, course credit

unit, grade point etc) for managements’ use. In educational institutions, the result produced

shows the management about the performance of each student in various courses. These results

obtained are used to check the student’s level of understanding in the entire course taught. In the

course of this research, an intensive investigation was carried out on how computer science

department performs its result computation and transcript generation. From my findings, it

appears that the current method adopted needs improvement. Introduction of computer in the

system will do the much required magic in result computation. Structured system analysis and

design methodology were applied to arrive at the development of the new system. Also, html,

css, php and my SQL programming language will be used to develop the required software

1.2 Background of the Study

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It is an established fact that after every assessment examination or research work, a result must

be obtained. In any academic environment, there is need to have results to be aware of the

students’ performance and generate transcripts whenever the need arises. To achieve this in

higher institutions, it involves the registration of courses and students’ personal examination

scores, computation of result, transcript generation, recorded and so on. However, the problem is

how to carry out these activities presently. The result processing and transcript generation in

computer science department is performed manually. Workers are employed to handle various

stages of the process such as; registration of students, result computation and transcript

generation. The introduction of computer in result processing and transcript generation will

reduce the burden of manual processing to the barest minimum.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The students result processing and transcript generation are done manually in Federal

Polytechnic Nekede long before now. The manual method of result processing and transcript

generation from my point of view may cause:

Duplication of Results: Due to the tiredness of the operator, a result can be duplicated since

he/she has no strength to trace the student’s data such as registration number.

Omission and Incomplete Results: once these results have been documented on paper, one

finds it difficult and tiresome to edit so as to cancel out some errors such as wrong entries,

omissions etc. when these corrections are effected, the resulting document are not often very neat

and pleasant to the eyes. This also makes the transcript untidy since those corrections will also

be affected on it.

Missing Results: This happens as a result of carrying files about from one place to another.

Some results may be lost in this process.

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Delay: This occurs due to the tediousness of manual result processing and transcript generation.

This gets so much at times that some students try to bribe their way out.

Miscalculation of Students’ Result: Human beings are proned to errors sometimes, during

result computation, wrong formulae might be entered on the calculator, which give wrong

answers but for computerized result, formulae are stored in the computer’s memory. This can be

referred to whenever needed.

1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is Design and Implement a Result Processing and Transcript Generation

System. In achieving this aim, following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design

and develop an application software that will:

1. Protect and limit access to students result;

2. Detect duplicated results;

3. Display duplicated, omitted or uncompleted students' result; and

4. Eliminate student's result miscalculation which is cause by the tediousness of manual result

processing and transcript generation.

1.5 Significance of Study

Research carried out in computer science department shows that results are still being processes

manually as well as transcript generation. This leads to various problems, which include;

 Insecurity of results

 Duplication of results

 Loss of results when files are being carried around.

 Wrong calculations during computation

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  Omission of result.

 This project work will achieve the following:-

 Increase in efficiency

 Easy detection and correction of errors

 Reduce pressure of work on exam officers

 Makes computation less labour intensive. Hence, the need for computerization of result

processing and transcript generation for physics department cannot be over emphasized.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This project work covers the registration of courses and the recording of student examination

scores as well as processing the scores in order to general result and finally generate the

transcript for the department of computer science, federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri.

1.7 Limitation of Study

This project was faced with a number of restricting factors which made the work impossible

to get beyond this scope. The most pressing factors were.

i. lack of finance

ii. epileptic power supply

iii. inadequate supply of data

iv. Inadequate time for the project work.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Software: These are set of logically related instructions given to the computer to perform some

specific tasks.

Transcript: it is a paper that outlines all the courses grades, grade point average, cumulative

grade point average and final cumulative grade point average of a student.

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Statement of Result: This contains the FCGPA and the class of degree of a student. It is

normally issued at the end of one’s academic program.

Grade Point (GP): this is the corresponding points 0.00 to 5.00 of the grade letters F-A

respectively.

Grade Point Average (GPA): this is the point in which the academic performance of a student

is measure at the end of every semester. It has the maximum value of 5.00 and minimum 0.00. It

can be calculated thus: GPA- Sum of quality points/total credit unit for all course registered in

the semester.

Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA): This is the measure of the students overall academic

performance at any given time in his academic program. It is normally calculated at the end of

the session.

It is calculated thus:

CGPA = GPA first semester + GPA second semester/total credit unit for first semester + total

credit unit for second semester.

Final Cumulative Grade Point Average (FCGPA): This is the measure of the students overall

academic performance at the end of his /her academic program.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current

knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. It

documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in

the topic selected. In this research work the literature review includes the Conceptual Review,

Theoretical Review of Students’ Transcript, Concept of Student Registration and Transcript

Storage Web Portal and Database for Student Transcript Web Portals.

2.2 Conceptual Review

A computerized result processing software package is one of the most important application

packages used in determining the performance of each student in each course of study. There is

need to read just the software to adapt to the various changes that may occur due to dynamic

nature of the system. This practiced will enhance proper deficiency.

According to Eke (1991) he observed that computer application is now used in almost at the

sectors of the economy. Also, he observed that rapid developments information processing sector

but also in all aspect of school systems. Decision makers must have the knowledge of

computerization to enable them accomplish logical operation inherent in good data analysis sine

computer has dominated the academic world. Pecham and Joseph (1895 ) holds the view that

16
various operations in the economy could be made faster, more accurate and less prone to error

using a computer system.

Anderson (1979), stated that the factor of office computerization make for better utilization of

the time and space. He also mentioned that, if you become ill, computerized device may see your

body tissue and recommend treatment. Computers can also take raw data, analyze it and display

the result analysis in a form people can use. The computer do the time consuming tasks, help to

draw analysis and assist with deductions. He also indicated that giving computer the correct data,

information can be produced at a very fast rate compared to manual processing of data. With a

new era of computing activities, computerization of any organization‘s operations should be

encouraged. As a result of this, computerized result system for physics department was

encouraged.

Okoye and Adigwe (1968), stated that business data is characterized by large quantities of input

data, intensive data files and documents, large quantities of output documents and reports. The

aim of computer programming is to put these data files and documents in an interactive manner

in a computer system. This will enhance valuable handling and processing of data, leading to

improved management decision making.

David and Mike (1976), states that correct implementation and efficient use of computer within a

business can head to substantial saving of time and money.

Nausa (1989), mentioned that computers by means of their extremely rapid search ability can be

used in a good advantage to update accounts, forms and other stored materials. Since the storage

is electronic, corrections can be made quickly to the data stored and up date copies produced. He

17
went further to say that one of the grate advantages of computer is that once a basic set of data

has been stored, there are program which can be written to rearrange the materials in any number

of formals suitable to the particular need of different sectors of the enterprise. in the new format,

data are more easily read and more useful to those asking for information.

Anigbogu (2000), mentioned that computer has found application in virtually all different

spheres of human Endeavour such that automation of important administrative functions by

private [practitioners or consultants enhances their professional competencies.

Ikekeonwu (2002), states that computers are used for the processing of large quantities of data in

several organization. He also mentioned that computer programs can be written to produce

degree results for a university, post people for national youth services and many other things.

Okoye and Adigwe (1998), defined data processing as the entire process of converting or

manipulating data into information or into a definite meaningful result. They further noted that

this covers all that is done to transform data into useful information. The whole activity a

specialized one handled by the administrative unit for the entire organization. Basically, data

processing involves the systematic and orderly recording, collection, arranging, filling,

processing and dissemination of facts concerning the physical happenings (i.e. events) taking

place in the organization.

Hence, data processing system provides basic information and the information provides the basis

for managerial control of activity to attain co-operate goals or objectives as timely as possible.

This implies making the informal and rational decision, based on the information made available,

Okoye and Adigwe (1998) concluded.

18
Adibe and Ani (2000) stated that the use of computers makes possible the compression of large

volumes of data (such as found in many industrial, business and government establishment) into

a very small storage space. In addition, information storage and retrieval are speeded up and

computer records are easily updated as they need arises unlike the old practice in many

establishments where several operational files with vital operational information are stocked

away in flies’ archives. The sheer effort required to retrieve a file from densely populated archive

often discourages the people responsible for such tasks and this makes manual processing a

much less satisfactory arrangement than meets the naked eyes.

2.2.1 Benefits of the Design

Dowsing et al (1996) stated that there are a number of benefits that arise from computerizing

result processing. Firstly, the amount of staff time required to process results is considerably

reduced. This either reduces costs a frees staff time for other activities. Secondly, due to top

computerization, results and transcription can be generated earlier. Thirdly, compared to manual

processing, computerized processing produce more consistent result.

According to Marilyn (1991) state the need to computerized our establishment is necessary for

instance, the computerization of student’s academic result will help in keeping accurate track of

every students result throughout their academic session. Once these results are documented on

paper, one finds it difficult and tiresome to edit in order to clear errors such as wrong entries,

miscalculations, omissions etc. when the document are not after very neat and pleasing to the

eyes.

19
Wong (2004) observed that tasks can be completed faster because of the speed of computer he

also noted that computer can process large amount of data and general error free results,

provided that the data is entered correctly. Furthermore, he mentioned that overall security can

be raised due to less human intervention and that management can observe new information and

new trends more quickly.

The accuracy and speed of the computer is far beyond that of human beings. Humans beings are

prove to errors and this affects the students result to a great extent. Also, the computer has a

sense of database where information is stored. Access to the information is denied by any

unauthorized user, this makes the information stored in the computer safer than those stored in

the computer can be retrieved after many years and the print out will always be original.

Martin Holmes (2004) said that manually processing of results ends up with correction of errors

and when they are given out to students, they are often dauntingly messy. He further mentioned

that computerization of result is faster than manual methods. This means that files and records of

the some information are eliminated. Also, it minimizes result manipulation and loss of result

and also, “it keeps an effective and efficient high level of record accuracy.

2.2.2 Result and Process

According, to Oxford Dictionary the word “result” means what happens because of an action or

event while a “process” is a continuous set of action performed in order to get result. It prepares

and examines information in detail. Result is usually an output of a process, which organizations

use in decision making.

20
Kuran (1987) stated that each catalogue card with all its entries about a single movie is a record.

They also went further to say that computer versatility power and speed makes it a useful tool for

workers in business and industries, education and health care people in these fields of work use

computers to do their daily routine.

2.3 Theoretical Review of Students’ Transcript

Transcript did not come like that it goes through so many processes. According to Mr. N.N.S

ENE Head of Registrar of exams and Academic I.M.T in his responds during my interview said

that after exam student scores from different lectures which have been recorded will be sent to

the head of department of the departments, the HOD will now prepare a composite record of the

result slip sign and sent it to the director of school to sign and the director after signing will send

it to the deputy direct the deputy will now send it to the academic records to show that the result

has been approved and the academic records will send it to exams department from department

to the departments.

The levels of result are:

1) Distinction - 3.50 – 4.50

2) Upper credit - 3.02 – 3.49

3) Lower credit - 2.50 – 2.99

4) Pass - 2.00 – 2.49

Below these is fail example 1.99

He also said that we have two types of transcript local and international transcript, local

transcript is the transcript that is sent to an organization within the country and international

21
transcript is the one that is send to an organization outside the country local tramspcripts in other

to make it possible for school to process it the individual should pay (N 500.00) five hundred

naira. But if the organization is online the school will send it through the internet.

International transcripts in other to make it possible for the school to process it the individual

should pay (N100.00. for it to reach to the organization. According to Mrs. ENE in exams and

records I.M.T she said that transcripts is the summary of both first semester and second semester

scores, she also said that transcripts is not given to the students that it is sent to the organization

where the student wants or to the school where the student wants to transfer, so that the school or

the organization will check whether the result she or he is having is the same thing with their

own.

2.4 Concept of Student Registration

Registration, when carried out in an Institution is mostly handled by the Registrar. A registrar is

an official in an academic institution (consisting of a college, university, or secondary school)

who handles student records.

Typically, a registrar processes registration requests, schedules classes and maintains class lists,

enforces the rules for entering or leaving classes, and keeps a permanent record of grades and

marks. In institutions with selective admission requirements, a student only begins to be in

connection with the registrar's official actions after admission.

In the United Kingdom, the term registrar is usually used for the head of the university's

administration. The role is usually combined with that of secretary of the university's governing

bodies and in these cases, the full title will often be "registrar and secretary" (or "secretary and

22
registrar") to reflect these dual roles. The University of Cambridge in England uses the archaic

spelling of "Registrary" for this office (Samuel, 2010).

In Canada, the registrar is an administrative position, usually responsible for admissions, records

and registration, academic scheduling, front line service and support, strategic enrollment data

management and analysis, academic policy, and graduation (sometimes known as convocation).

Various grades of professional academic-related staff perform senior administrative and

managerial roles in such universities on behalf of the registrar or head of department and head

sub-sections of the administration. Titles afforded to such staff include academic registrar,

assistant registrar, senior assistant registrar and principal assistant registrar.

2.4.1 Online System User Registration

The creation and use of an online registration form, electronic registration form, online

registration process, online registration template or digital registration form completed by an

individual, group or organization to apply to register for an agency, funding, newsletter, school,

college, university, service or other types of necessary and vital services and purposes.

E-registration processes or forms make registering for a newsletter, college, school, university or

agency easy and simple to do from a computer, laptop or other type of electronic device that has

online internet access.

2.4.2 Usage of Online Registration Forms

Gone are the days of long registration queues and paper forms to sign up for an activity. An

increasing number of registrars from both large and small organizations are embracing online

registration services as an added-value for both them and their participants. Online registration

not only improves efficiencies and eliminates unnecessary paperwork, it also maximizes

23
participation and improves marketing capabilities while allowing participants to sign up when

and where it is most convenient for them from any Internet-enabled computer (Sean, 2010).

The benefits of taking online registration for any activity are, in fact, so varied, that this review

will enumerate only the most significant for the registrars and participant alike:

2.5 Transcript Storage Web Portal

A web portal is a specially designed website that brings information from diverse sources, like

emails, online forums and search engines, together in a uniform way. Usually, each information

source gets its dedicated area on the page for displaying information (a portlet); often, the user

can configure which ones to display. Variants of portals include mashups and intranet

"dashboards" for executives and managers. The extent to which content is displayed in a

"uniform way" may depend on the intended user and the intended purpose, as well as the

diversity of the content. Very often design emphasis is on a certain "metaphor" for configuring

and customizing the presentation of the content (e.g., a dashboard or map) and the chosen

implementation framework or code libraries. In addition, the role of the user in an organization

may determine which content can be added to the portal or deleted from the portal configuration

(Seyle, 2014).

A portal may use a search engine's application programming interface (API) to permit users to

search intranet content as opposed to extranet content by restricting which domains may be

searched. Apart from this common search engines feature, web portals may offer other services

such as e-mail, news, stock quotes, information from databases and even entertainment content.

Portals provide a way for enterprises and organizations to provide a consistent "look and feel"

with access control and procedures for multiple applications and databases, which otherwise

24
would have been different web entities at various URLs. The features available may be restricted

by whether access is by an authorized and authenticated user (employee, member) or an

anonymous website visitor.

The main concept is to present the user with a single Web page that brings together or aggregates

content from a number of other systems or servers. The application server or architecture

performs most of the crucial functions of the application. This application server is in turn

connected to database servers, and may be part of a clustered server environment. High-capacity

portal configurations may include load balancing strategies. For portals that present application

functionality to the user, the portal server is in reality the front piece of a server configuration

that includes some connectivity to the application server. For early Web browsers permitting

HTML frameset and iframe elements, diverse information could be presented without violating

the browser same-source security policy (relied upon to prevent a variety of cross-site security

breaches). More recent client-side technologies rely on JavaScript frameworks and libraries that

rely on more recent Web functionality such as WebSockets and asynchronous callbacks using

XML Http Requests (Donna, 2019).

The server hosting the portal may only be a "pass through" for the user. By use of portlets,

application functionality can be presented in any number of portal pages. For the most part, this

architecture is transparent to the user. In such a design, security and concurrent user capacity can

be important issues, and security designers need to ensure that only authenticated and authorized

users can generate requests to the application server. If the security design and administration

does not ensure adequate authentication and authorization, then the portal may inadvertently

present vulnerabilities to various types of attacks.

25
Web portals are sometimes classified as horizontal or vertical. A horizontal portal is used as a

platform to several companies in the same economic sector or to the same type of manufacturers

or distributors. A vertical portal (also known as a "vortal") is a specialized entry point to a

specific market or industry niche, subject area, or interest. Some vertical portals are known as

"vertical information portals" (VIPs). VIPs provide news, editorial content, digital publications,

and e-commerce capabilities. In contrast to traditional vertical portals, VIPs also provide

dynamic multimedia applications including social networking, video posting, and blogging.

2.5.1 Types of Web Portals

The following are the various types of web portals and they include;

1. Personal: A personal portal is a Web Page at a Web site on the World Wide Web or a

local HTML home page including JavaScript and perhaps running in a modified Web

browser. A personal portal typically provides personalized capabilities to its visitors or its

local user, providing a pathway to other content. It may be designed to use distributed

applications, different numbers and types of middleware and hardware to provide

services from a number of different sources and may run on a non-standard local Web

server (Susan, 2011). In addition, business portals can be designed for sharing and

collaboration in workplaces. A further business-driven requirement of portals is that the

content be presented on multiple platforms such as personal computers, laptops, tablet

computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cell phones and smartphones. Information,

news, and updates are examples of content that could be delivered through such a portal.

Personal portals can be related to any specific topic such as providing friends information

on a social network or providing links to outside content that may help others beyond

your reach of services. Portals are not limited to simply providing links. Outside of

26
 business intranet user, very often simpler portals become replaced with richer mashup

designs. Within enterprises, early portals were often replaced by much more powerful

"dashboard" designs. Some also have relied on newer protocols such as some version of

RSS aggregation and may or may not involve some degree of Web harvesting.

2. Government: At the end of the dot-com boom in the 1990s, many governments had

already committed to creating government web portal sites for their citizens. These

included primary portals to the governments as well as portals developed for specific

branches (e.g., a particular government ministry, department or agency), or for specific

sub-audiences (e.g., senior citizens, parents, post-secondary students, etc.). Notable

government web portals include:

 Australia.gov.au for Australia.

 Disability.gov for citizens with disabilities in the United States.

 USA.gov for the United States.

3. Cultural: Cultural portals aggregate digitized cultural collections of galleries, libraries

(see: library portal), archives and museums. This type of portal provides a point of access

to invisible Web cultural content that may not be indexed by standard search engines.

Digitized collections can include scans or digital photos of books, artworks, photography,

journals, newspapers, maps, diaries and letters and digital files of music, sound

recordings, films, and archived websites as well as the descriptive metadata associated

with each type of cultural work (e.g., metadata provides information about the author,

publisher, etc.). These portals are often based around a specific national or regional

grouping of institutions (Michael, 2010). Notable cultural portals include:

27
 DigitalNZ – A cultural portal led by the National Library of New Zealand focused on

New Zealand digital content.

Europeana – A cultural portal for the European Union based in the National Library of

the Netherlands and overseen by the Europeana Foundation.

TUT.by - A commercial cultural portal focused on Belarusian digital content.

4. Corporate: Corporate intranets became common during the 1990s. As intranets grew in

size and complexity, organization webmasters were faced with increasing content and

user management challenges. A consolidated view of company information was judged

insufficient; users wanted personalization and customization. Webmasters, if skilled

enough, were able to offer some capabilities, but for the most part ended up driving users

away from using the intranet. Many companies began to offer tools to help webmasters

manage their data, applications and information more easily, and by providing different

users with personalized views. Portal solutions can also include workflow management,

collaboration between work groups or branches, and policy-managed content publication.

Most can allow internal and external access to specific corporate information using

secure authentication or single sign-on (Cohn, 2014). With the increase in user-generated

content (blog posts, comments, photos), disparate data silos, and file formats, information

architects and taxonomists will be required to allow users the ability to tag (classify) the

data or content. For example, if a vice-president makes a blog post, this post could be

tagged with her/his name, title, and the subject of the post. Tagging makes it easier for

users of the intranet to find the content they are interested in. This will ultimately cause a

ripple effect where users will also be generating ad hoc navigation and information flows.

Corporate portals also offer customers and employees self-service opportunities.

28
5. Stock: Also known as stock-share portals, stock market portals or stock exchange portals

are Web-based applications that facilitates the process of informing the share-holders

with substantial online data such as the latest price, ask/bids, the latest News, reports and

announcements. Some stock portals use online gateways through a central depository

system (CDS) for the visitors (ram) to buy or sell their shares or manage their portfolio.

6. Search: Search portals aggregate results from several search engines into one page. You

can find search portals specialized in a product, for example property search portals.

Library search portals are also known as discovery interfaces.

7. Property Search: Property search portals aggregate data about properties for sale by real

estate agents. Notable property search portals in the UK include Nestoria, Nuroa,

OnTheMarket, Rightmove and Zoopla.

8. TENDER: A tender portal is a gateway for government suppliers to bid on providing

goods and services. Tender portals allow users to search, modify, submit, review and

archive data in order to provide a complete online tendering process. Using online

tendering, bidders can do any of the following:

 Receive notification of the tenders.

 Receive tender documents online.

 Fill out the forms online.

 Submit proposals and documents.

 Submit bids online.

9. Hosted: Hosted Web portals gained popularity and a number of companies began

offering them as a hosted service. The hosted portal market fundamentally changed the

composition of portals. In many ways they served simply as a tool for publishing

29
 information instead of the loftier goals of integrating legacy applications or presenting

correlated data from distributed databases. The early hosted portal companies such as

Hyperoffice.com or the now defunct InternetPortal.com focused on collaboration and

scheduling in addition to the distribution of corporate data. As hosted Web portals have

risen in popularity their feature set has grown to include hosted databases, document

management, email, discussion forums and more. Hosted portals automatically

personalize the content generated from their modules to provide a personalized

experience to their users. In this regard they have remained true to the original goals of

the earlier corporate Web portals. Emerging new classes of Internet portals called Cloud

Portals are showcasing the power of API (Application Programming Interface) rich

software systems leveraging SOA (service-oriented architecture, Web services, and

custom data exchange) to accommodate machine to machine interaction creating a more

fluid user experience for connecting users spanning multiple domains during a given

"session". Cloud portals like Nubifer Cloud Portal show what is possible using Enterprise

Mashup and Web Service integration approaches to building cloud portals (Susan, 2011).

10. Domain-Specific: A number of portals have come about which are specific to a

particular domain, offering access to related companies and services; a prime example of

this trend would be the growth in property portals that give access to services such as

estate agents, removal firm, and solicitors that offer conveyancing. Along the same lines,

industry-specific news and information portals have appeared, such as the clinical trials-

specific portal.

2.6 Database for Student Transcript Web Portals

30
Using database technology to gather, store and process information about your customers,

suppliers and even competitors can give your business a distinct advantage. A sophisticated

relational database management system can help you store a vast amount of data which, as it

builds up over time, can become increasingly useful and valuable. For example:

 Historical data can show you business trends

 Sales records can identify valuable customers

A good database design is important in ensuring consistent data, elimination of data redundancy,

efficient execution of queries and high performance application. The outline of the table allows

data to be consistent. Implementation of primary keys and unique constraints ensures

consistency in the stored data (Seyle, 2014).

Your gathering, storage and processing of customers' personal data must comply with data

protection legislation, including the requirement not to collect or process excessive or

unnecessary personal data. Under the GDPR, you must ensure the personal data you are

processing is:

 Adequate - sufficient to properly fulfil your stated purpose

 Relevant - has a rational link to that purpose

 Limited to what is necessary - you do not hold more than you need for that purpose.

Managing information means taking care of it so that it works for us and is useful for the tasks

we perform. By using a DBMS, the information we collect and add to its database is no longer

subject to accidental disorganization. It becomes more accessible and integrated with the rest of

our work. Managing information using a database allows us to become strategic users of the data

we have. We often need to access and re-sort data for various uses. These may include:

 Creating mailing lists

31
  Writing management reports

 Generating lists of selected news stories

 Identifying various client needs

The processing power of a database allows it to manipulate the data it houses, so it can: Sort,

Match, Link, Aggregate, Skip fields, Calculate, Arrange, etc.

Because of the versatility of databases, we find them powering all sorts of projects. A database

can be linked to:

 A website that is capturing registered users

 A client-tracking application for social service organizations

 A medical record system for a health care facility

 Your personal address book in your email client

 A collection of word-processed documents

 A system that issues airline reservations

2.6.1 Merits of Integrating Databases in Web Applications

Developing a database for any system can help you:

1. Reduce the amount of time you spend managing data.

2. Analyze data in a variety of ways.

3. Promote a disciplined approach to data management.

4. Turn disparate information into a valuable resource.

5. Improve the quality and consistency of information.

Many businesses do not have the time or resources available to gather and process large

quantities of information. This may lead to a lack of information about:

32
How their business is performing, how profitable their product lines are, If customers are making

repeat purchases, etc (Samuel, 2010).

However, the following key benefits can be identified when using databases for web applications

and they include;

1. Self-Describing Nature Of A Database System: A database system is referred to as self-

describing because it not only contains the database itself, but also metadata which defines

and describes the data and relationships between tables in the database. This information is

used by the DBMS software or database users if needed. This separation of data and

information about the data makes a database system totally different from the traditional file-

based system in which the data definition is part of the application programs.

2. Insulation between Program and Data: In the file-based system, the structure of the data

files is defined in the application programs so if a user wants to change the structure of a file,

all the programs that access that file might need to be changed as well. On the other hand, in

the database approach, the data structure is stored in the system catalogue and not in the

programs. Therefore, one change is all that is needed to change the structure of a file. This

insulation between the programs and data is also called program-data independence

(Rodrigue, 2018).

3. Support for Multiple Views of Data: A database supports multiple views of data. A view is

a subset of the database, which is defined and dedicated for particular users of the system.

Multiple users in the system might have different views of the system. Each view might

contain only the data of interest to a user or group of users.

4. Sharing of Data and Multiuser System: Current database systems are designed for multiple

users. That is, they allow many users to access the same database at the same time. This

33
 access is achieved through features called concurrency control strategies. These strategies

ensure that the data accessed are always correct and that data integrity is maintained. The

design of modern multiuser database systems is a great improvement from those in the past

which restricted usage to one person at a time.

5. Control Of Data Redundancy: In the database approach, ideally, each data item is stored in

only one place in the database. In some cases, data redundancy still exists to improve system

performance, but such redundancy is controlled by application programming and kept to

minimum by introducing as little redundancy as possible when designing the database (Sean,

2010).

6. Data Sharing: The integration of all the data, for an organization, within a database system

has many advantages. First, it allows for data sharing among employees and others who have

access to the system. Second, it gives users the ability to generate more information from a

given amount of data than would be possible without the integration.

7. Enforcement Of Integrity Constraints: Database management systems must provide the

ability to define and enforce certain constraints to ensure that users enter valid information

and maintain data integrity. A database constraint is a restriction or rule that dictates what

can be entered or edited in a table such as a postal code using a certain format or adding a

valid city in the City field. There are many types of database constraints. Data type, for

example, determines the sort of data permitted in a field, for example numbers only. Data

uniqueness such as the primary key ensures that no duplicates are entered. Constraints can be

simple (field based) or complex (programming).

8. Restriction Of Unauthorized Access: Not all users of a database system will have the same

accessing privileges. For example, one user might have read-only access (i.e., the ability to

34
 read a file but not make changes), while another might have read and write privileges, which

is the ability to both read and modify a file. For this reason, a database management system

should provide a security subsystem to create and control different types of user accounts and

restrict unauthorized access (Donna, 2019).

9. Data Independence: Another advantage of a database management system is how it allows

for data independence. In other words, the system data descriptions or data describing data

(metadata) are separated from the application programs. This is possible because changes to

the data structure are handled by the database management system and are not embedded in

the program itself.

10. Transaction Processing: A database management system must include concurrency control

subsystems. This feature ensures that data remains consistent and valid during transaction

processing even if several users update the same information.

11. Provision for Multiple Views Of Data: By its very nature, a DBMS permits many users to

have access to its database either individually or simultaneously. It is not important for users

to be aware of how and where the data they access is stored

12. Backup And Recovery Facilities: Backup and recovery are methods that allow you to

protect your data from loss. The database system provides a separate process, from that of a

network backup, for backing up and recovering data. If a hard drive fails and the database

stored on the hard drive is not accessible, the only way to recover the database is from a

backup.

If a computer system fails in the middle of a complex update process, the recovery subsystem

is responsible for making sure that the database is restored to its original state. These are two

more benefits of a database management system (Michael, 2010).

35
 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

Analysis of a present involves a detailed study of the current system, leading to the specification

of a new system. In order to achieve the internationally accepted software engineering model

that is structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) was adopted. The

methodology involves:-

3.2 Problem Identification

After the analysis of the existing system, it was observed that the major problem encountered in

computer science department was the delay of result processing and transcript generation. These

delays hinder so many activities, the results or transcript needed for such activities are university

transfer in which transcripts are NYSC posing for graduates.

3.3 Feasibility Study

The information obtained from the mentioned department clearly justifies the need for the

development of a new system. These information were obtained using the there methods of data

collection which

- interviewing of departmental representatives

- study of procedural manuals

- evaluation of forms

3.4 System Analysis

System analysis is the detailed of a system to discover its basic problems and hence, proffer a

solution to these problems. From the analysis of the present system, when a student is admitted

36
into the department of computer science, the student is expected to register in the department. In

the course of registration, he/she is expected to fill a course form, which contains all the courses

he/she is expected to fill a course form which contains all the courses he/ she will offer for the

semester. The form is signed by the student admin officer and the head of department At the end

of the semester, exams are conducted for each course. This is to enable the lecturer assess the

students performance in each course. The exams are marked and the students graded. Students

that score 40% and above are assumed to have passed the course otherwise failed the course.

Test or quiz and assignments are also assumed to make up to 30% and above of the students

mark.

The major problem with the present is the delay of this result processing and transcript

generation. The objectives of the processed system is to computerized, the processing of these

results and generation of transcripts for accuracy and maximum efficiency and effectiveness.

3.5 System Design

The new system is designed to have maximum security of result, process faster and reduce

computational error to the barest minimum. It will also provide easy storage and retrieval of

results and transcripts since the existing manual system is deficient in these aspects. This will be

fully discussed in chapter four of this project work.

3.6 PROGRAM CODING

The project is designed to automatically process results and generate transcripts for students of

the above mentioned department. This will be done using VISUAL BASIC programming

language, version 6.0 professional edition.

37
3.7 Program Testing

The accuracy of the program will be tested using varying data with deliberate errors. The

programs displays error message when an error such as encountered. This shows that the new

system will achieve its objectives.

3.8 System Implementation

The department of computer changes to the new system if the software developed meets this

specification requirement and they are satisfied with the software. This will be discussed in

chapter five of this work.

3.9 The Organization

The Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri was initially established as the college of Technology

Owerri by Edict.

38
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

FEDERAL MIN OF EDUCATION

GOVERNING COUNCIL

RECTOR

DEPUTY RECTOR, DEPUTY RECTOR

ACADEMIC ADMIN

PHYSICAL PLANNING SERVICOM

UNIT
DEANS ACADEMIC
OF PLANNING
AUDIT
SCHOOL UNIT
IPR
HEADS OF DEPTS.
SECURITY

DSA REGISTRA DW BURSAR DMH POLY

R S S LIB

CA ADM CENT STO PAYROLL COLL

S DW
ADV CAS OFFICE
SSP EXAMS BIBLOGRAPHY

STUD.ACCTS
B B READER
JSP REC/ SERVICES
STAT MAIN ACC PENSIONS

39
KEYS

DSA - Division of Student Affairs

JSP - JSP

BB - Bills and Budgetary

DWS - Division of Works

ADMS - Admissions

MAIN ACC - Main Account

SMHS - Division of Medical and Health

REC/STAT - Records and Statistics

COLL. DW - Collection Division

CA - Central Administration

CFNT STO - Central Stores

SSP - Senior Staff Personnel

ADV - Advances

3.10 Demographic Variables

OWNERSHIP

The organization is owned by the federal government of Nigeria as of April 1993.

AGE

The organization was taken over by the federal government in April 1993. This implies that the

organization is about 15 years old.

SIZE

40
 The organization has about five(s) schools, twenty-five (25) departments and a population of

twenty-one thousand, six hundred and five (21,605) full time students and eleven thousand.

Three hundred and sixty six (11,366) part time students. The campus also comprises of some 138

hectares of land.

3.11 Data Flow Diagram of the Present System

MANUAL RESULTS
EXAM SCORES COMPUTED RESULTS
PROCESSING

From the diagram above, it can be seen that data which are the student’s grade in various course

are processed and the results (that is statement) and transcript generated are stored in a file as

paper document. During this processing, which is done manually errors are made and corrected.

Hence, the resulting output document becomes messy. Also, these can be lost and students name

may be omitted or duplicated during computation.

3.12 INFORMATION FLOW

The major information produced is the student statement of result and transcript, which is done

by the polytechnic and each student, is given a copy of his/her own result. Below is a diagram of

how the information flows.

LECTURERS H.O.D EXAM STUENTS

OFFICER(S)

41
3.13 Weakness Identified

The analysis of the present exposed weakness in the department. These are:-

i. Insecurity of students result.

ii. Error during computation

iii. Loss of result

iv. Duplication of result

v. Delay in result processing.

3.14 High Level Model of the Proposed System

Top down design is a program design where an initial program design (i.e. main menu) is broken

down into a series of smaller independent design problems (modules or sub-menus) which have

their own inter-related specification. Each program will perform a single task in the hierarchy

involved in top down design. Each level below the services of the other level. The drop down

design diagram of the system is shown below.

42
 STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

START

PASSWORD

SPLASH SCREEN

MAIN MENU

FILE UPDATE RECORD HELP

ADD NEW DEPARTMENT TRANSCRIPT ABOUT RESULT MANNAGER

UPDATE RESULT

EXIT STATEMENT OF RESULT

COURSE REGISTRATION
HELP MANUAL

STUDENT REGISTRATION

COURSE DELETION

43
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

System design is a process of designing a new system after identifying the problem associated

with the old system. It involves the design of a proposed system after a document study of the

current manual operation and system requirement. It is usually done after system analysis.

4.2 Objectives of the New System

The new system is expected to achieve the following objectives:-

1. TO ELIMINATE ERRORS:- The errors encountered during manual computation are

eliminated.

2. FLEXIBILITY:- The new system will be flexible enough to accept modification of the

old system and also modifications related to the new system.

3. ADEQUATE RESPONSE TIME:- The new system should be able to respond

immediately once necessary data is entered.

4. EASY USAGE:- The new system is designed to allow the user to easily interact with it.

Hence, it provides a graphic user interface (GUI), which makes the software user friendly.

5. COST EFFECTIVE:- the new system should be able to meet the requirements of the

users without being more stressful than the old one.

4.3 Main Menu

When access is gained to the package, the main menu screen is displayed from where the user

can select from the available sub-menus. The main menu for the software is displayed below.

44
 MAIN MENU

FILE UPDATE REPORT HELP

4.3.1 File

In this sub-menu, it allows the user to add new department and also exit the program.

FILE

ADD NEW DEPARTMENT

EXIT

45
4.3.2 Update

It provides options for update of students result, students course registration and course deletion.

UPDATE

UPDATE RESULT

COURSE REGISTRATION

STUDENT REGISTRATION

COURSE DELETION

4.3.3 Report

In this sub-menu, the students result and transcript are generated.

REPORT

TRANSCRIPT

STATEMENT OF RESULT

46
4.3.4 HELP

It provides a manual on how to use the software

HELP

ABOUT RESULT MANUAL

HELP MANUAL

4.4 Database Specification

A computer file holds either instruction or data that is required for providing information either

at regular or irregular intervals. The files involved I the design of this system are properly

formatted and organized I random access made so as to give immediate access to desired

records.

The database of the proposed system is designed using Microsoft access version 7.0. In

Microsoft access, records are stored in created tables that are representatives of files. The

database was created in the designs phase of the programming and it contains tables are as

follow.

4.5 Course Registration

The course registration table keeps record of all the courses offered by the department. The data

in this table includes department, course title, course code, credit unit etc.

Table name: course list. mdb

47
 S/N FIELD NAME FIELD TYPE SIZE

1 Department Text 20

2 Title Text 30

3 Code Text 10

4 Credit Number 1

5 Semester Number 1

Table: course registration table

4.5.1 Department Registration

The file handles information about the department, in case a new department wants to use the

software

Table name: departmental list. Mdb

S/N FIELD NAME FIELD TYPE SIZE

1 Department ID Text 4

2 Department Text 20

3 School Text 20

4 No of years Text 1

4.6 Student Result

This holds the computed students result from which transcripts and statement of result are

generated.

48
Table name: result.mdb

S/N FIELD NAME FIELD TYPE SIZE

1 Reg. No Number 10

2 Score Number 3

3 Session Number 4

4 Course code Text 4

Table 4: students result

4.7 Student Information Form

This keeps track of all the students that are registered in the department. It contains data that are

supplied by the student.

Table name: student info.mdb

Table 4: Student information form

S/N FIELD NAME FIELD TYPE SIZE

1 First name Text 20

2 Last name Number 30

3 Reg. No Text 10

4 Department Date 20

5 Birthday Text 10

6 Nationality Text 10

7 Admission mode Number 8

49
 8 Admission session Text 8

9 Gender Text 7

10 Picture Hyperlink

4.8 Input / Output Format

In the design of the proposed system, there is the need for one to have a detailed description of

how the design was carried out. That is, knowing what input will generate to output.

4.8.1 Input Format

These are the source documents being worked on The main input documents in this project are

the course registration form, student’s information form updates result form, from which the

course credit units supplied. The keyboard will be used as the main input device.

4.8.2 Output Format

In view of the system, the printer and the monitor will be used as the main output devices. The

output documents will be the statement of results on the inputs made.

4.9 Mathematical Specifications

GPA=sum of quality points/ total credit for all courses registered in the semester.

CGPA= GPA first semester +GPA second/ total unit for first semester +total credit unit for

second semester FCGPA= total for the whole academic year/total credit point for the whole

academic year.

50
4.10 Overall Data Flow Diagram

DISPLAY STUDENT RESULT

DATA FILE STORAGE

PROCESSING PRINTED STATEMENT OF

RESULT AND TRANSCRIPT

INPUT
INTERNAL STORAGE OF STUDENTS Result

In the data flow diagram, it can be seen that data, which are paper documents (exam scores, reg.

no etc.) are entered manually in the computer. The computer processes these data and the result

is displayed on the monitor. These results can be stored in the internal or external storage of the

computer and can always be retrieved for update. After the processing of the result and

generation of transcript, the hardcopy can be produced

51
 FLOWCHART FOR EACH MODULE

START

VALID PASSWORD
DISPLAY INVALID PASSWORD

DISPLAY MAIN MENU

SELECT OPTION

FILE? YES A

YES

UPDATE? B

REPORTS YES C

YES

HELPS? D

STOP
52
 A

DISPLAY FILE SUB-MENU

SELECT OPTION

NEW DEPARTMENT

YES REGISTER NEW DEPARTMENT

Exit
NO EXIT THE PROGRAM

STOP

53
 B

DISPLAY UPDATE SUB MENU

SELECT OPTION

UPDATE STUDENT

YES RESULT
NO
COURSE REGISTRATION?
YES REGISTER ANY COURSE IN THE
DEPARTMENT

NO

NEW STUDENT REGISTRATION?

REGISTER COURSES IFFERED

NO
UNWANTED DELETION?

DELETE COURSE

54
 STOP

DISPLAY REPORT SUB-MENU

SELECT OPTION

STATEMENT OF RESULT?
YES
DISPLAY STUDENT RESULT

TRANSCRIPT?
DISPLAY STUDENT RESULT

STOP

55
 D

DISPLAY SUB MENU

SELECTION OPTION

RESULT MANAGER?
YES
DISPLAY SOFTWARE INFO

NO

YES
HELP MANUAL? PROVIDE HELP FOR THE USER

NO

STOP

56
4.11 Data Dictionary

Data dictionary is a list and meaning of the entire variable used in the development of the

application. The data dictionary of this application is below.

Variable Function

Frm register course It holds the new courses registered i.e. courses that do not exist in

the data base.

Frm registered department It enables the user to add new department to the program. This in

case a new department wants to use the software.

Frms bmtrll This submits the scores of each student in a course for each

session to the database.

Frm register It registers the students information and the course offered by the

student to the database

Frm statement Provides the students FCGPA and class of degree

Frm transcript Provides the students grades, grade points CGPA etc for the

duration of course

4.12 Choice of Programming Language

The choice of programming language is a very important factor to consider when developing a

system, with the knowledge of the problem encountered in the existing system. Once that

algorithm specifying the necessary operation to accomplish a given task has been developed, the

programmer uses the appropriate language to represent them in an encoded sequence of

instructions for computer execution.

57
In view of this, VISUAL BASIC was chosen because of is user friendly interface. It has some

familiarity with the windows environments. It is event driven with most of he controls needed

already provided.

Hence, lesser time will be spent on design.

4.13 System Documentation and Implementation

System documentation is written information on how the system works while system

implementation is the changing mover from the old system to the now system.

4.14 System Requirements

These are the requirements needed to implement new system.

4.15 Hardware Requirement

A minimum of INTEL Pentium 1 with speed of 100H2

A minimum of ram (random access memory) capacity of at least 32MB.

A hard disk capacity of least 10GB

A14 super video graphic adapter monitor

An uninterruptible power supply

An enhanced key board

An inject printer

A stabilizer

58
4.16 Training of Operators and Application Details

TRAINING OF OPERATORS

Training of staff or operators of the system is important in order for the system to be operated

effectively and the full benefits obtained. The personal to be trained are the administrative staff,

exam officers system analyst etc. they should be trained on the general operations of the system

especially the new system.

4.17 Application Details

The application software developed, automatically computes the result of students when the

necessary or required data is input. After the computation, the student’s statement of result is

obtained and the transcript generated.

When the application is opened, the password is required to access the software. This is to ensure

security of the students result. When the correct password is entered, the main menu is shown.

The main menu gives to other sub-menus as students registration, up date result, transcript

generation, etc. at any point in the program; you can still go back to the sub-menu. You can also

exit the program by clicking on exit the file menu.

4.18 Implementation Details

There are four (4) basic procedures for implementing a system. The one adopted in a particular

situation depends on the organization involved and also the relationship between the old and the

new system. The analytics decide the most suitable procedure for the organization the four (4)

are procedures are:-

59
4.19 Direct Changeover

This is the immediate changeover from the old to the new system. This is not the best due to the

problem risk involved.

4.20 Phase/Segmented Changeover

Some establishments prefer starting their system changeover from the department or unit to the

other or from one branch to the other depending on the area where it is immediately needed. Its

failure is not drastic as in the case of direct changeover.

4.21 Parallel Changeover

Here, the current data is continually processed by the old system while some selected data from

the old system reprocesses by the new systems. This is done to certify that the new system totally

correct and complete.

4.22 Changeover Recommended

The changeover recommended is the parallel changeover because it provides a degree of safety if

there is any problem with the new system. Also, whenever the computer fails to function as it

should, the old system can be used. This is because the old system and the new system are

simultaneously run over a period of time. Hence, parallel changeover is the safest method of

switching over.

4.23 Commissioning

After the developer have tested the software, the department of physics and industrial physics

will also text the program (acceptance testing) to ensure accepted, the department implements it.

60
The software is handled over to the department once they are satisfied and the software meets the

specified objective.

4.24 Maintenance Details

The recommended maintenance operation for the software s s enhancement (i.e software grade)

qualified personnel of the developer of the software if available should do this.

Software Requirements

1. Minimum of windows of operating system

2. An executable version of the software package.

4.25 How To Install Software

The software is installing the computer so that the user will use it at and point in time. To install

the software the following steps are taken.

1. put on the computer and allow it to boot

2. click on the start button

3. click on settings

4. click on control panes

5. double click add/ remove programs

6. from diagram box, click on install

7. Select the file to be installed and click ok.

8. After these steps must have accomplished, the software automatically installs and becomes

ready for use.

61
4.26 Discussion of Findings

The design and implementation of a result processing and transcript generation system represents

a significant advancement in educational administration, offering a streamlined and efficient

approach to handling academic records. This system addresses key challenges associated with

manual processing, including errors, delays, and inefficiencies.

One major finding is that automating result processing significantly reduces human errors that

are common in manual systems. According to a study by Ahmed et al. (2022), automated

systems reduce the likelihood of data entry mistakes, which can lead to discrepancies in

academic records and student transcripts. The integration of validation rules and data integrity

checks in these systems ensures that the data entered is accurate and consistent, thereby

enhancing the reliability of academic records (Jamal, 2021).

Another finding is the improvement in efficiency and speed of processing results and generating

transcripts. Traditional manual methods can be time-consuming, with processing times extending

over weeks, especially during peak periods such as graduation. In contrast, automated systems

enable real-time processing and instant generation of transcripts, which significantly accelerates

administrative tasks and reduces the waiting time for students (Rauf, 2023). This efficiency is

crucial for meeting the growing demands of students and educational institutions alike.

The design of these systems also incorporates user-friendly interfaces that facilitate ease of use

for both administrators and students. According to the research conducted by Nwachukwu and

Suleiman (2023), intuitive interfaces and clear navigation paths are essential for ensuring that

users can efficiently interact with the system without extensive training. This usability factor is

important in promoting the adoption of the system across various educational institutions.

62
Furthermore, the implementation of security features in result processing and transcript

generation systems is critical for protecting sensitive academic information. Systems often

incorporate encryption, access controls, and authentication mechanisms to safeguard against

unauthorized access and data breaches (Ibrahim & Alabi, 2022). These security measures are

vital for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of academic records.

Overall, the findings highlight that the design and implementation of a result processing and

transcript generation system offer numerous benefits, including reduced errors, increased

efficiency, enhanced usability, and improved security. By addressing the limitations of

traditional methods, these systems contribute to more effective academic administration and

better service delivery for students and educational institutions.

63
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

With complete implementation of the new system in the department of computer science,

problems such as insecurity of the results, inaccuracy, delay in result processing, over stressing

of exam offices are greatly reduced. Also, with the complete implementation, it can be seen that

result processing and transcript generation in computer in science department will be carried out

with little or no effort.

The motivation that led to the implementation of the proposed system is that students result

processing and transcript generation are done manually in Federal Polytechnic Nekede long

before now. The manual method of result processing and transcript generation from my point of

view may cause duplicate results and delay in result processing and transcript generation.

The aim of the study is Design and Implement a Result Processing and Transcript Generation

System. In achieving this aim, following specific objectives were laid out as follows to design

and develop an application software that will protect and limit access to students result and

eliminate student's result miscalculation which is cause by the tediousness of manual result

processing and transcript generation.

The methodology adopted in this study is the structured system analysis and design methodology

(SSADM) which is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application or system by

applying object throughout the software development process. The programming language used

is HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT, PHP, SQL and JQUERY. The reason why web programming

languages was used is because, it is platform independent and it is a web based application. The

64
expected result is an computerized Result Processing and Transcript Generation System that will

detect duplicated results and display duplicated, omitted or uncompleted students' result.

5.2 Conclusion

So far, computer has been found ubiquitous of many benefits to the society. Thus, there will be

very much improvement in the result processing of the above computer department once it is

computerized. The implementation of the software will be a very big relief to the staff and

student of Computer Science Department Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri Imo State.

The design and implementation of a result processing and transcript generation system represent

a transformative shift in educational administration. By automating these processes, institutions

can achieve greater accuracy, efficiency, and security in handling academic records. The

reduction in human errors, faster processing times, and enhanced usability underscore the

significant improvements over traditional manual systems. Moreover, robust security features

ensure the protection of sensitive academic data. These advancements not only streamline

administrative workflows but also provide a better experience for students and staff,

demonstrating the value of modernizing academic record management systems.

5.3 Recommendation

Based on the findings, it was recommended that Institutions should prioritize the integration of

advanced data validation and integrity checks to minimize errors and ensure accuracy in result

processing and transcript generation. They should also focus on developing user-friendly

interfaces to facilitate ease of use for administrators and students, which will promote smoother

adoption and operation of the system.

65
Additionally, it is essential to implement strong security measures, including encryption and

access controls, to protect sensitive academic information from unauthorized access and

breaches. Regular updates and maintenance of the system should be conducted to address

emerging challenges and technological advancements.

More so, institutions should provide comprehensive training for staff to ensure effective

utilization of the system and to fully leverage its benefits.

Furthermore, the application software is recommended for the computer science department,

Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri or any other department in the school effective processing

of students result and transcript generation.

Owing to inadequate time and other complaints mentioned in chapter of this project work, the

entire operations associated with result processing in computer science department were not

treated completely. I suggest further research should be carried out. Maintenance of the new

system and also the computerization of the result system of the schools exams and record.

66
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68
 APPENDIX A

SOURCE CODE

<?php session_start(); include("../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/connect.php");

if(isset($_POST['loginnow'])){ $PhoneNumber = mysqli_real_escape_string($db,
$_POST['contact']); $pass = mysqli_real_escape_string($db,$_POST['pass']); $sql = "SELECT
contact, password FROM register WHERE contact = '$PhoneNumber' and password =
'$pass'"; $result = mysqli_query($db,$sql); $row =
mysqli_fetch_array($result,MYSQLI_ASSOC); $count = mysqli_num_rows($result); // If
result matched $myusername and $mypassword, table row must be 1 row if($count == 1 &&
$row['password'] === $pass) { $_SESSION['user'] = $PhoneNumber; echo"<script>
alert('Login Successful'); </script> "; }else { echo" <script> alert('Login not
Successful');</script> "; } } ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- <meta
http-equiv="refresh" content="60"> --> <title>Grade-Point-and-Transcript</title> <meta
charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/bootstrap/Material Icons.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/bootstrap/w3.css"> <script
src="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/bootstrap/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <meta
name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet"
href="../lib/w3.css"> <style type="text/css">.thumb-
image{width:120px;position:relative;height:130px;;}</style> <style> #read{ color:black; text-
decoration:none; } #read:hover{ color:#009788; } #read1{ color:white; text-decoration:none; }
#read1:hover{ border:2px solid #ffffff; } #adtitle{ padding:4px; background-color:#009788;
color:#ffffff; } </style> <style> #fname { width: 100%; padding: 12px 20px; margin: 8px 0;
display: inline-block; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; }
input[type=submit]:hover { background-color: #45a049; } </style> <style> @media (max-
width: 1000px) { #rbar{ display:none; } #cbar{ float:right; width:70% } } @media (max-
width: 860px) { #lbar{ display:none; } #cbar{ float:right; width:100% } } #read{ color:black;
text-decoration:none; } #read:hover{ color:#009788; } #read1{ color:white; text-
decoration:none; } #read1:hover{ border:2px solid #ffffff; } #adtitle{ padding:4px;
background-color:#b30086; color:#ffffff; } </style> <style> .loader { border-radius: 50%;
border-top: 20px solid #00b348; border-bottom: 20px solid #009788; border-left: 20px solid
#f3f3f3; border-right: 20px solid skyblue; width: 100px; height: 100px; -webkit-animation:
spin 2s linear infinite; /* Safari */ animation: spin 2s linear 2; float:left; margin:0 auto; font-
size:15px; font-weight:bold; } /* Safari */ @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-
transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin
{ 0% { transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style> </head>
<body style="background-color:#f3f3f3;"> <div class="w3-topnav w3-large"
style='position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:1;background-color:#b30086;color:white;'> <span
style='font-family:algerian;font-weight:bold;font-size:24px;'><img alt='-' src='../Grade-Point-
and-Transcript/image/rptg.png' style='width:280px;height:50px;margin-top:0px;' /></span>
<div style='float:right;margin-top:6px;'> <a href="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/index.php"
style='font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;border:2px solid #ffffff;' id='read1'>Result
Computation</a> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal1" style='font-

69
size:15px;font-weight:bold;' id='read1'>About Us</a> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#myModal2" style='font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;' id='read1'>Log In</a> </div>
</div> <br> <br> <br> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal fade" id="myModal2"
role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-
header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</button> <h4
class="modal-title"><b>STAFF LOGIN FORM</b></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body">
<div> <form action="" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <?php echo' <label
for="fname">Contact</label> <input type="text" id="fname" name="contact"
style="width:50%;margin-left:20px;" placeholder="Enter Phone Number"><br/> <br/> <label
for="fname">Password</label> <input type="password" id="fname" name="pass"
placeholder="Password" style="width:50%;margin-left:6px;"> <input type="submit"
name="loginnow" value="Login now" style="width:100%;font-size:16px;color:#d3d3d3;font-
weight:bold;background-color:#b30086;" class="btn btn-default"> '; ?> </form> </div> </div>
</div> </div> </div> <!--end--> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal fade" id="myModal1"
role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-
header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">&times;</button> <h4
class="modal-title"><b>ABOUT US</b></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div
style='text-align:justify;'> <br/> <div style="text-align:center;"> <img src="../Grade-Point-
and-Transcript/image/Federal-Polytechnic-Nekede.jpg" style="width:40%;border:2px solid
#b30086;" /> </div> <br/> Vision Statement: In line with the goals and objectives of the
Federal Government of Nigeria’s policies on Education and Science and Technology, it’s
academic mandate and the current global thrust in Science and Technology, the Federal
Polytechnic, Nekede, under the leadership of Engr. O.I. Nwankwo, developed a vision. The
vision is captured in the institution’s Vision Statement which is: To Be Pacesetters In Demand-
Driven Technology And Innovations <br/> Mission Statement: The establishment of the
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Owerri, like any other Polytechnic in Nigeria, was stimulated by
the need for trained manpower in science, engineering and technology to promote sustainable
industrial and economic development in the country. Against this background, the Polytechnic
is dedicated to the training of its student in technical and professional skills that will make
them become not only self-employable graduates, but also job creators, rather than job seekers.
The Edict that originally established it assigned to it the function of providing studies training,
research and the development of technical skills in the applied arts and sciences, technology,
management, commerce and other fields of learning. Thus, the Mission of the Polytechnic is:
To nurture and sustain the culture of the best practices in teaching/learning methods,
research/demonstrations, skills and technological innovations in order to produce job creators
for the global economy. <br/> The Polytechnic is rooted in the philosophy that science and
technological education are a “sine qua non” for national development. <br/> </div> </div>
</div> </div> </div> <!--end--> <div style='padding:100px;padding-top:0px;width:100%;<?
php if(empty($_SESSION["user"])){ echo"display:none;"; } ?>' id='cbar'> <div
style='background-color:#ffffff;width:100%;padding:10px;text-align:left;border:3px solid
#b30086;border-radius:10px;'> <h4><b> RESULT &#183; PROCESSING</b></h4> <div
id="myCarousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol
class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="0"
class="active"></li> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-
target="#myCarousel" data-slide-to="2"></li> <li data-target="#myCarousel" data-slide-
to="3"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">

70
<div class="item active"> <img src="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/image/1.jpg"
style="width:100%;height:300px;" alt="Chania"> </div> <div class="item"> <img
src="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/image/2.jpg" style="width:100%;height:300px;"
alt="Chania"> </div> <div class="item"> <img
src="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/image/3.jpg" style="width:100%;height:300px;"
alt="Chania"> </div> <div class="item"> <img
src="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/image/en.jpeg" style="width:100%;height:300px;"
alt="Chania"> </div> </div> <!-- Left and right controls --> <a class="left carousel-control"
href="#myCarousel" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-
chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a
class="right carousel-control" href="#myCarousel" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span
class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-
only">Next</span> </a> </div> <form action='' method="get"> <div style='padding-
bottom:10pz;<?php if(isset($_GET['f1']) && isset($_GET['s1'])){echo"display:none;";} ?>'>
<br/><table style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <tr> <td style="text-
align:left;"><label>STUDENT NAME: <input name="studname" style="width:100%;font-
weight:normal;" placeholder="Student Name" required="required"></label><td> <td
style="text-align:right;"><label>REG NO: <input name="regno" style="width:100%;font-
weight:normal;" placeholder="Reg Number" required="required"></label><td> </tr> </table>
</div> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;"> <tr><td> <div style='<?php
if(isset($_GET['f1']) && isset($_GET['s1'])){echo"display:none;";} ?>'>
<label>SCHOOL</label> <select name="school" onchange="alertMessage();"
required="required" id="select" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['school'])){ echo'<option
value="'.$_GET['school'].'">'.$_GET['school'].'</option>'; } else{ echo'<option
value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="SIAS">SIAS</option> <option
value="SBMT">SBMT</option> <option value="SET">SET</option> <option
value="SEDT">SEDT</option> <option value="SHSS">SHSS</option> </select> </div>
</td><td> <div style='display:none;' id='sias'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select
name="dept" id="dept3" onchange="alertMessage3();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;">
<?php if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option
value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; } else{ echo'<option
value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="Microbiology">Microbiology</option> <option
value="Chemistry/Biochemistry">Chemistry/Biochemistry</option> <option
value="Computer Science">Computer Science</option> <option value="Dispencing
Opticianry">Dispencing Opticianry</option> <option value="Environmental
Biology">Environmental Biology</option> <option value="Fisheries">Fisheries</option>
<option value="Food Technology">Food Technology</option> <option value="Hospitality
Management">Hospitality Management</option> <option value="Library Science">Library
Science</option> <option value="Mathematics/Statistics">Mathematics/Statistics</option>
<option value="Pharmaceutical Technology">Pharmaceutical Technology</option> <option
value="Physics with Electronics">Physics with Electronics</option> <option value="Science
Laboratory Technology">Science Laboratory Technology</option> </select> </div> <div
style='display:none;' id='sbmt'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept1"
id="dept4" onchange="alertMessage4();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; }

71
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option
value="Accountancy">Accountancy</option> <option value="Banking and
Finance">Banking and Finance</option> <option value="Business Administration and
Management">Business Administration and Management</option> <option value="Co-
operative Economics and Management">Co-operative Economics and Management</option>
<option value="Marketing">Marketing</option> <option value="Office Technology and
Management">Office Technology and Management</option> <option value="Purchasing and
Supply">Purchasing and Supply</option> <option value="Taxation">Taxation</option>
<option value="Public Administration">Public Administration</option> </select> </div> <div
style='display:none;' id='set'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept2"
id="dept5" onchange="alertMessage5();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; }
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option value="Agricultural
Engineering">Agricultural Engineering</option> <option value="Civil Engineering">Civil
Engineering</option> <option value="Chemical Engineering">Chemical
Engineering</option> <option value="Computer Engineering">Computer
Engineering</option> <option value="Electrical/Electronics">Electrical/Electronics</option>
<option value="Mechanical Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</option> <option
value="Mechatronics Technology">Mechatronics Technology</option> <option
value="Petroleum and Mineral Resources">Petroleum and Mineral Resources</option>
<option value="The Dean School of Engineering Technology">The Dean School of
Engineering Technology</option> </select> </div> <div style='display:none;' id='sedt'>
<label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept3" id="dept6"
onchange="alertMessage6();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; }
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option
value="Architecture">Architecture</option> <option value="Arts and Design">Arts and
Design</option> <option value="Building Technology">Building Technology</option>
<option value="Estate Management">Estate Management</option> <option value="Quantity
Surveying">Quantity Surveying</option> <option value="Surveying and
Geoinfomatics">Surveying and Geoinfomatics</option> <option value="Urban and Regional
Planning">Urban and Regional Planning</option> </select> </div> <div style='display:none;'
id='shss'> <label>DEPARTMENT</label> <select name="dept4" id="dept7"
onchange="alertMessage7();" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php
if(isset($_GET['dept'])){ echo'<option value="'.$_GET['dept'].'">'.$_GET['dept'].'</option>'; }
else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?> <option
value="Humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="Mass Communication">Mass
Communication</option> <option value="Social Sciences">Social Sciences</option>
</select> </div> </form> </div> </td> <td> <div style='display:none;' id='level'>
<label>LEVEL</label> <select name="level" id="level" onchange="alertMessage2();"
style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;"> <?php if(isset($_GET['level'])){ echo'<option value="'.
$_GET['level'].'">'.$_GET['level'].'</option>'; } else{ echo'<option value=""></option>';} ?>
<option value="ND2">ND2</option> <option value="HND2">HND2</option> </select>
</div> </td></tr> </table> <?php if(empty($_GET['f1']) && empty($_GET['s1'])){ echo' <div
style="display:none;text-align:center;" id="numset"> <br/> <table style="width:100%;text-
align:center;"> <tr><td>Number of Course Offered in First Semester ND1/HND1 <select

72
name="f1"> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option
value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option> <option
value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option value="8">8</option> <option
value="9">9</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="11">11</option>
<option value="12">12</option> <option value="13">13</option> <option
value="14">14</option> <option value="15">15</option> <option value="16">16</option>
<option value="17">17</option> <option value="18">18</option> <option
value="19">19</option> <option value="20">20</option> </select> </td> <td></td>
<td>Number of Course Offered in Second Semester ND1/HND1 <select name="s1"> <option
value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option
value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="6">6</option> <option
value="7">7</option> <option value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option> <option
value="10">10</option> <option value="11">11</option> <option value="12">12</option>
<option value="13">13</option> <option value="14">14</option> <option
value="15">15</option> <option value="16">16</option> <option value="17">17</option>
<option value="18">18</option> <option value="19">19</option> <option
value="20">20</option> </select> </td></tr> </table> <br/> <table style="width:100%;text-
align:center;"> <tr><td>Number of Course Offered in First Semester ND2/HND2 <select
name="f2"> <option value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option
value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option> <option
value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option value="8">8</option> <option
value="9">9</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="11">11</option>
<option value="12">12</option> <option value="13">13</option> <option
value="14">14</option> <option value="15">15</option> <option value="16">16</option>
<option value="17">17</option> <option value="18">18</option> <option
value="19">19</option> <option value="20">20</option> </select> </td> <td></td>
<td>Number of Course Offered in Second Semester ND2/HND2 <select name="s2"> <option
value="1">1</option> <option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option
value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="6">6</option> <option
value="7">7</option> <option value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option> <option
value="10">10</option> <option value="11">11</option> <option value="12">12</option>
<option value="13">13</option> <option value="14">14</option> <option
value="15">15</option> <option value="16">16</option> <option value="17">17</option>
<option value="18">18</option> <option value="19">19</option> <option
value="20">20</option> </select> </td></tr> <tr> </tr> </table> <div
style="width:100%;margin-top:20px;"> <button type="submit" name="pd" class="btn btn-
success">Process Data</button> </div> </div> '; } ?> </form> <br/> <div style="background-
color:#b30086;color:#ffffff;"> <?php if(isset($_GET['f1']) && isset($_GET['s1'])){ echo'
<form action="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/transcript.php?studname='.
$_GET['studname'].'&regno='.$_GET['regno'].'&f1='.$_GET['f1'].'&f2='.$_GET['f2'].'&s1='.
$_GET['s1'].'&s2='.$_GET['s2'].'&school='.$_GET['school'].'&dept='.
$_GET['dept'].'&dept1='.$_GET['dept1'].'&dept2='.$_GET['dept2'].'&dept3='.
$_GET['dept3'].'&dept4='.$_GET['dept4'].'&level='.$_GET['level'].'" method="POST">
<h4><b> &nbsp;'.$_GET['level'].' &#183; RESULT &#183; PROCESSING</b></h4> <table
style="width:100%;text-align:center;border:0px;"> <tr style="border:0px;"> <td
style="border:2px solid #d3d3d3;vertical-align:top;"> <label>FIRST SEMESTER</label>

73
<table class="table" style="width:100%;text-align:center;">
<tr><td><b>COURSES<b></td><td><b>GRADE<b></td><td><b>CREDIT
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['f1']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE '.
$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="g'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
<option value="4.0">A</option> <option value="3.5">AB</option> <option
value="3.0">B</option> <option value="2.5">BC</option> <option value="2.0">C</option>
<option value="0">CD</option> <option value="0">E</option> <option
value="0">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="c'.$i.'" style="font-
size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option
value="5">5</option> <option value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option
value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option> <option value="10">10</option>
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } echo'</table> </td> <td style="border:2px solid
#d3d3d3;vertical-align:top;"> <label>SECOND SEMESTER</label> <table class="table"
style="width:100%;text-align:center;">
<tr><td><b>COURSES<b></td><td><b>GRADE<b></td><td><b>CREDIT
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['s1']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE '.
$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="gg'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
<option value="4.0">A</option> <option value="3.5">AB</option> <option
value="3.0">B</option> <option value="2.5">BC</option> <option value="2.0">C</option>
<option value="0">CD</option> <option value="0">E</option> <option
value="0">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="cc'.$i.'" style="font-
size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option
value="5">5</option> <option value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option
value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option> <option value="10">10</option>
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } } ?> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <!-- ND2 HND2 --> <?php
if(isset($_GET['f2']) && isset($_GET['s2'])){ echo' <br/> <h4><b> &nbsp;'.$_GET['level'].'
&#183; RESULT &#183; PROCESSING</b></h4> <table style="width:100%;text-
align:center;border:0px;"> <tr style="border:0px;"> <td style="border:2px solid
#d3d3d3;vertical-align:top;"> <label>FIRST SEMESTER</label> <table class="table"
style="width:100%;text-align:center;">
<tr><td><b>COURSES<b></td><td><b>GRADE<b></td><td><b>CREDIT
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['f2']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE '.
$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="g2'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
<option value="4.0">A</option> <option value="3.5">AB</option> <option
value="3.0">B</option> <option value="2.5">BC</option> <option value="2.0">C</option>
<option value="0">CD</option> <option value="0">E</option> <option
value="0">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="c2'.$i.'" style="font-
size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option
value="5">5</option> <option value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option
value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option> <option value="10">10</option>
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } echo'</table> </td> <td style="border:2px solid
#d3d3d3;vertical-align:top;"> <label>SECOND SEMESTER</label> <table class="table"
style="width:100%;text-align:center;">

74
<tr><td><b>COURSES<b></td><td><b>GRADE<b></td><td><b>CREDIT
UNIT<b></td></tr> '; $i=1; while($i <= $_GET['s2']){ echo' <tr><td><b>COURSE '.
$i.'<b></td> <td> <select name="gg2'.$i.'" style="font-size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;">
<option value="4.0">A</option> <option value="3.5">AB</option> <option
value="3.0">B</option> <option value="2.5">BC</option> <option value="2.0">C</option>
<option value="0">CD</option> <option value="0">E</option> <option
value="0">F</option> </select> </td> <td> <select name="cc2'.$i.'" style="font-
size:14px;padding:5px;color:black;"> <option value="1">1</option> <option
value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option> <option value="4">4</option> <option
value="5">5</option> <option value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option> <option
value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option> <option value="10">10</option>
</select> </td> </tr> '; $i++; } } ?> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <?php if(isset($_GET['f1'])
&& isset($_GET['s1'])){ echo' <div style="width:100%;margin-top:20px;text-
align:center;padding:10px;"> <button type="submit" name="pd" class="btn btn-
default"style="padding:10px;">PROCESS RESULT & GENERATE TRANSCRIPT</button>
</div> '; } ?> </form> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br/> <script> function alertMessage2()
{ var x1=document.getElementById('level').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('numset').style.display='inline'; } } //section function
alertMessage3() { var x1=document.getElementById('dept3').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage4() { var
x1=document.getElementById('dept4').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage5() { var
x1=document.getElementById('dept5').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage6() { var
x1=document.getElementById('dept6').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage7() { var
x1=document.getElementById('dept7').value; if(x1 != "")
{ document.getElementById('level').style.display='inline'; } } function alertMessage() { var
x=document.getElementById('select').value; if(x == "SIAS")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('set').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SBMT")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('set').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SET")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('set').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SEDT")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='none';

75
document.getElementById('set').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='inline';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='none'; }else if(x == "SHSS")
{ document.getElementById('sias').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sbmt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('set').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('sedt').style.display='none';
document.getElementById('shss').style.display='inline'; } } </script> <footer class="container
fluid text-center" style='background-
color:#b30086;width:100%;padding:30px;color:white;text-align:center;padding:30px;margin-
top:180px;<?php if(empty($_SESSION["user"])){ echo"display:none;"; } ?>'> <h5><b>Grade
Point & Transcript Generation</b></h5> <p>All Rights Reserved <?php echo date("Y"); ?
></p> </footer> <script src="../Grade-Point-and-Transcript/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></
script> </body> </html>

76
 APPENDIX B

OBJECT PROGRAM

THE SOFTWARE (OBJECT PROGRAM) IS

AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

77