Scribd
Upload
0 views

SQL_Interview_Questions_Answers_Part1

The document provides a comprehensive overview of SQL interview questions and answers, covering basic to intermediate SQL concepts. Key topics include SQL commands, query structure, joins, subqueries, and data manipulation techniques. It serves as a useful resource for individuals preparing for SQL-related job interviews.

Uploaded by

Vaishnavi BS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

SQL_Interview_Questions_Answers_Part1

The document provides a comprehensive overview of SQL interview questions and answers, covering basic to intermediate SQL concepts. Key topics include SQL commands, query structure, joins, subqueries, and data manipulation techniques. It serves as a useful resource for individuals preparing for SQL-related job interviews.

Uploaded by

Vaishnavi BS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

SQL Interview Questions and Answers

1. Basic SQL Queries (Beginner)

Q: What is SQL?

A: SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language designed for managing data in relational databases.

Q: What are the different types of SQL commands?

A: 1. DDL (Data Definition Language): CREATE, ALTER, DROP

2. DML (Data Manipulation Language): SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

3. DCL (Data Control Language): GRANT, REVOKE

4. TCL (Transaction Control Language): COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT

Q: Explain the purpose of SELECT, FROM, WHERE clauses.

A: SELECT specifies the columns, FROM specifies the table, and WHERE filters rows based on conditions.

Q: How do you retrieve all columns and rows from a table?

A: SELECT * FROM table_name;

Q: How do you filter rows based on a specific condition?

A: Use the WHERE clause: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = 'value';

Q: Explain the use of AND and OR operators in the WHERE clause.

A: AND requires all conditions to be true. OR requires at least one condition to be true.

Q: How do you sort the result set?

A: Use ORDER BY clause: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name ASC|DESC;


SQL Interview Questions and Answers

Q: How do you retrieve distinct values from a column?

A: Use DISTINCT: SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

Q: What are aggregate functions in SQL?

A: Functions that perform a calculation on a set of values: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX.

Q: How do you group rows based on a column and apply an aggregate function?

A: Use GROUP BY: SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name;

Q: What is the purpose of the HAVING clause?

A: Used to filter groups after aggregation. Different from WHERE which filters rows.

Q: How do you limit the number of rows returned by a query?

A: Use LIMIT (MySQL, PostgreSQL), TOP (SQL Server), ROWNUM (Oracle).

Q: What are aliases in SQL?

A: Aliases rename columns or tables using AS: SELECT column_name AS alias FROM table_name;

2. Intermediate SQL Queries

Q: What are joins in SQL?

A: Joins combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

Q: Explain the different types of joins.

A: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN.


SQL Interview Questions and Answers

Q: When would you use a specific type of join?

A: Use INNER JOIN when both tables must have matching records, LEFT JOIN to include all from the left table, etc.

Q: What is a self-join?

A: A self-join is a join of a table with itself.

Q: Explain the difference between UNION and UNION ALL.

A: UNION removes duplicates, UNION ALL includes duplicates.

Q: What are subqueries?

A: Queries within queries. Used to filter or calculate intermediate results.

Q: Explain correlated and non-correlated subqueries.

A: Correlated subqueries refer to outer queries; non-correlated do not.

Q: How do you check if a value exists in a set?

A: Use IN or NOT IN: SELECT * FROM table WHERE column IN ('A', 'B');

Q: How do you check if a value falls within a range?

A: Use BETWEEN: SELECT * FROM table WHERE column BETWEEN 10 AND 20;

Q: How do you perform pattern matching in SQL?

A: Use LIKE with wildcards: % for multiple characters, _ for single.


SQL Interview Questions and Answers

Q: What are NULL values?

A: Unknown or missing values. Use IS NULL or IS NOT NULL to filter.

Q: What are set operations in SQL?

A: UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT (or MINUS) combine result sets.

Q: How do you insert, update, and delete data?

A: INSERT INTO table VALUES (...), UPDATE table SET column=... WHERE ..., DELETE FROM table WHERE ...

You might also like