Development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based Fire Monitoring and Prevention System

SUMMARY
Fire is a powerful force that can cause significant damage to human property and
risk human life. Because of this, fire detection have become the most convenient instruments for
alerting people to potential fires. And this study will employ IoT-based fire monitoring and
prevention system to prevent or minimize losses due to fire incidence. This study will be
beneficial to the home owners to the BFP and others. We will also put automatic fire sprinkler
which extinguish different type of fire extinguisher is more convenient and effective than just
using water. This model is more safe to use for there are different type of fire and water is not
very applicable in every type of fire.

BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM

The destruction that fire brings to structures and infrastructure can have terrible
consequences for human society. In addition, flames cause a great deal of fatalities and severe
injuries to people (Shokouhi et al., 2019). The World Health Organization (WHO) states that
burns from fires cause over 300,000 deaths every year, with low- and middle-income countries
accounting for over 95% of these deaths (LMICs). The effects of flames, including the
destruction of property and human life, are quite worrying.
The Philippines is one of the countries in Asia known to be vulnerable to the severe
effects of fire disasters as the country loses a considerable amount worth of damages due to fire
disasters. From January 1 to December 26, 2023, 15,679 fire incidents were reported nationwide,
according to the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP). BFP spokesperson Fire Supt. Annalee Atienza
states that the most recent total is 20.7% greater than the total of 12,000 from the prior year.
The Internet of Things (IoT) system has become an object of research that is increase
rapidly in various fields of life. Along with that, the concept of smart city is also promoted in
many cities in the world. One part of the idea of smart city is the safety of the environment and
society. The installation of a fire alarm system is the most convenient way to detect a fire early
and avoid losses.
BENEFICIARIES
Firefighters-The findings of this study can help the firefighters by providing information
about preventing the spread of fire and reducing the risk to other possible hazards.
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)-This will serve as their manual for studying the
regulations to reduce the risk of fire incidents and it will help the Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP) to implement safety regulations and protocols to keep the citizens away from the potential
danger of fires.
Homeowners-This study on the development of an IoT-based smoke detection system for
fire prevention will benefit homeowners. Such a system provides enhanced safety by quickly
detecting smoke and potential fires, allowing for prompt action to minimize or avoid any serious
damage and protect lives.
Building Owners-This study on the development of an IoT-based smoke detection system
for fire prevention can benefit building owners by improving fire safety, reducing property
damage, and saving lives in both residential and commercial settings.
Researchers-This study helped the researchers critically create possible solutions to the
observed problem in the environment and gained a lot of knowledge in terms of establishing an
IoT smoke detection system.
Future Researchers-Developing an IoT-based smoke detection system provides a
foundational framework that encourages exploration into the interdisciplinary application of IoT
for safety and environmental monitoring. This research also serves as a reference for future
researchers to develop standards and best practices for the global deployment of IoT-based safety
systems.
PROPOSED SOLUTIONS
Fire had been a real problem in the Philippines for a long time. Due to the Bureau of Fire
Protection's (BFP) limited resources and low technological advancements, firefighting operations
in the Philippines take too long to complete; this poor performance increases damage to the point
where it is nearly impossible to save every life affected by the flames. (Zadeh et al., 2021).\
To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a fire monitoring and prevention
system that monitors the existence of fire to immediately prevent having more casualties. In the
monitoring system, multiple sensor will be utilized like heat, smoke and gas sensor. By
deploying a network of sensors, early precautions using GSM, for the home owners and
authorized person to know the fire that is about spread widely.
According to Hilary et al. (2020), technological advancements on the Internet of Things,
mobile applications, and sensor networks created systems that could provide real-time
monitoring and notification of fire incidents, reducing the possibility of fire spreading quickly
and saving people's lives and property. This device serves as an early warning system, sending
warnings and alerts straight to security guards and firefighter rescue teams at the initial stage of
fire incidents. The combination of sensors increases system accuracy and helps to avoid false
alerts.

TEMPERATURE
LM3 HOME
OWNERS
GAS & SMOKE
MQ-2
ARDUINO GMS
UNO
BFP
BUZZER

AUTOMATIC FIRE
SPRINKLER

Figure 1.
 Automatic Fire SpRinkler System is also utilized in this study. An automatic fire
sprinkler system is a system of water-filled pipes that extends from your home's water service
line to carefully placed fire sprinkler heads dispersed throughout a specific area. However in this
study, different type of liquid fire extinguisher (Water/ Foam (AFFF)/ Carbon Dioxide / Wet
Chemical / Fire Blanket / Hose Reel / Fire Bucket) will be use depending on the type of fire.
Through this model most accurate prevention will be employed. This model is more safe to use
for there are different type of fire and water is not very applicable in every type of fire. Which is
why using different type of fire extinguisher is more convenient and effective than just using
water.

METHODS
In this study, the researchers will use a developmental research design. Developmental
research design is crucial for developing or enhancing instructional materials of
interest; by so doing, it empirically Figure 2. ensures the effectiveness and usability
of the materials. (Ibrahim, 2016). This developmental research design enables
the researchers to systematically design, test, and develop an IoT-Based Fire Monitoring and
Prevention System. It is also used to carefully evaluate these systems to validate their reliability,
capabilities and precision. This will involve precise testing of prototypes to ensure accuracy,
error-freeness, and response time. Therefore, this study will provide valuable insights into the
design, implementation, and effectiveness of IoT-based Fire Monitoring and Prevention System
contributing to a reliable system capable of effectively decreasing the danger of fires in various
kinds of environments.
PROCEDURE:

Preparation of Circuit Coding Testing Validating

Cost Analysis
Item Name Quantity Price
ARDUINO 1 Php 697.68
LM35 1 Php 43.75
 MQ2 1 Php 79
RESISTOR KIT 1 Php 63
PASSIVE BUZZER 1 Php 31
AUTOMATIC FIRE Php 219
SPRINKLER
Total= Php 1,133.43

REFERENCES:

Sarao, Z. (2023, December 27). Over 15,000 fire cases recorded in 2023, says BFP | Inquirer
News. INQUIRER.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1879861/bfp-on-recording-15679-
fires-in-2023#:~:text=MANILA%2C%20Philippines%20%E2%80%94%20A%20total
%20of,previous%20year’s%20total%20of%2012%2C000.

Shokouhi, M., Nasiriani, K., Cheraghi, Z., Ardalan, A., Khankeh, H., Fallahzadeh, H., &
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