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Python Exam Summary

The document provides a summary of key concepts in Python data visualization and data handling, focusing on libraries like Matplotlib and Seaborn. It covers various plotting techniques, data preprocessing methods, and types of joins for combining datasets. Additionally, it discusses normalization, standardization, and encoding methods for categorical data.

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mnimal2006
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3 views

Python Exam Summary

The document provides a summary of key concepts in Python data visualization and data handling, focusing on libraries like Matplotlib and Seaborn. It covers various plotting techniques, data preprocessing methods, and types of joins for combining datasets. Additionally, it discusses normalization, standardization, and encoding methods for categorical data.

Uploaded by

mnimal2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Exam Summary Notes

1. Data Visualization

Data visualization is the graphical representation of information using plots and charts to identify patterns and

insights. Libraries: matplotlib, seaborn.

2. Matplotlib Plotting

Matplotlib is used for plotting line charts, bar graphs, histograms, etc. Example: plt.plot(x, y), plt.show().

3. Seaborn Plots (Box, Violin, Heatmap)

Box Plot shows distribution; Violin Plot combines box and KDE; Heatmap displays matrix-like data.

4. Differences: Seaborn vs Matplotlib

Seaborn offers prettier, high-level plots. Matplotlib provides full control and flexibility.

5. Histogram in Matplotlib

Histogram shows distribution of data values in bins. Example: plt.hist(data, bins=5).

6. Violin Plot

Displays distribution and density of data. Example: sns.violinplot(x='day', y='total_bill', data=df).

7. Scatter Plot

Shows relation between 2 variables using dots. Example: plt.scatter(x, y).

8. Subplot in Matplotlib

Allows plotting multiple graphs in one figure using plt.subplot().

9. Bar Chart

Represents categorical data using bars. Example: plt.bar(categories, values).

10. Scatter Plot Customization


Python Exam Summary Notes

Customize with color, size, marker shape. Example: marker='*', color='red'.

11. Filling Missing Values

Use mean, median, or mode to fill nulls. Example: df.fillna(df.mean()).

12. Normalization & Standardization

Normalization rescales to [0,1], Standardization gives mean 0 and std 1.

13. Types of Joins

Inner, Left, Right, Outer joins combine datasets based on keys.

14. Normalization

Transforms features to scale between 0 and 1. Use MinMaxScaler.

15. Looping in Databases

Use cursor to fetch and loop through rows in SQLite/MySQL.

16. Categorical Data Preprocessing

Convert non-numeric data using label or one-hot encoding.

17. Merging & Joining

Combine datasets with pd.merge(). Can specify join types.

18. Categorical Data (101)

Types: Nominal (no order), Ordinal (ordered). Encode before ML.

19. Encoding Methods

Label, One-hot, and Ordinal Encoding transform text to numbers.

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