Cyber Crime

Module 2

Mamata Pandey
Cyber Crime
• Cybercrime refers to illegal activities conducted through the internet or
other forms of digital communication.
• It encompasses a wide range of offenses, from data breaches and financial
fraud to hacking and cyberterrorism.
• Cybercrime can be committed by individuals, organized groups, or even
nation-states, and it affects individuals, businesses, governments, and entire
countries.
• Cybercrime is a growing threat in the digital age, affecting individuals,
businesses, and governments.

Mamata Pandey
• It requires constant vigilance, advanced security practices, and legal
frameworks to minimize its impact and protect the digital world.
Types of Cyber Crime

Hacking Phishing Identity theft Ransomware

Financial Fraud Cyberstalking DDoS Malware

Child

Mamata Pandey
exploitation &
Cyber terrorism
Human
trafficking
• Hacking
• It is unauthorized access to or control over a computer system, network, or data
• Hackers often exploit security vulnerabilities to gain entry.
• Examples:
• Website defacement.
• Gaining unauthorized access to personal data.
• Breaking into corporate databases.

• Phishing
• Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords,
or credit card numbers, by masquerading as a trustworthy entity.
• Examples:
• Fake emails or websites that mimic legitimate organizations (e.g., banks).
• Spear phishing: Targeting specific individuals with personalized fake messages.

Mamata Pandey
• Identity Theft
• Stealing someone's personal information (such as Social Security numbers or
financial details) to commit fraud or other crimes.
• Examples:
• Using stolen credit card information to make purchases.
• Applying for loans or credit cards in someone else's name.

• Ransomware
• Malicious software that locks or encrypts data on a victim's computer, demanding
payment
• Examples:
• Attacks like WannaCry or Ryuk, where businesses are targeted and their data is held
hostage.

• Financial Fraud

Mamata Pandey
 Using digital systems to commit fraud, such as stealing credit card numbers or executing
illegal transactions.
 Examples:
 Online banking fraud, using stolen credentials to drain accounts
• Cyberstalking
 Using the internet or digital means to stalk or harass individuals.
 Examples:
 Monitoring someone's online activity, sending threatening messages, or tracking
their location.
• Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks
 Flooding a system with traffic to make it unavailable to users.
 Examples:
 Overloading websites or servers to shut them down temporarily.
• Malware
 Malicious software designed to damage or disrupt systems or steal data.
 Examples:
 Viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware

Mamata Pandey
• Cyberterrorism
 Using cyberspace to conduct attacks that cause widespread harm, often targeting
infrastructure like power grids or financial institutions.
 Examples:
 Cyberattacks on critical national infrastructure, causing power outages or economic
disruption.

• Child Exploitation and Human Trafficking

Mamata Pandey
Effects of Cyber Crime
• Financial Losses: Cybercrime can lead to significant monetary losses for
individuals and businesses. For example, ransomware can cost companies
millions of dollars.
• Data Breaches: Sensitive personal or corporate data can be compromised,
leading to identity theft or financial fraud.
• Reputation Damage: For businesses, being a victim of cybercrime can harm
brand reputation, causing loss of customers and trust.
• Legal Consequences: Cybercrime can lead to legal action, either as a
perpetrator or a victim seeking compensation.

Mamata Pandey
• Emotional Distress: Victims of cyberstalking, harassment, or identity theft
often suffer psychological impacts such as stress or anxiety
Methods of Protection from
Cyber Crime
• Firewalls and Anti-Virus Software: Protect systems by blocking
unauthorized access and malicious software.
• Encryption: Protect sensitive data by ensuring that only authorized users
can access or decipher it.
• Strong Passwords and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Adds layers
of protection to accounts and devices.
• Awareness and Education: Educating individuals and employees on
recognizing phishing scams, using secure passwords, and safe online behavior.
• Regular Software Updates: Keeping systems and applications up to date to

Mamata Pandey
patch vulnerabilities.
• Data Backup: Regularly backing up important data can minimize the
damage from ransomware or other attacks.
Red Cyber Space
• Red Cyberspace generally refers to the portion of cyberspace used for offensive
cybersecurity activities or cyberwarfare, often associated with nation-states,
hackers, or other malicious entities.
• In the context of cyber operations and security, "red" typically symbolizes the
offensive side
• It is opposed to Blue Cyberspace, which represents the defensive side,
responsible for protecting systems, detecting intrusions, and responding to
cyber threats.

Mamata Pandey
Characteristics of Red Space
• Offensive Cyber Operations
 This involves launching cyberattacks to disrupt, degrade, or destroy the
target's digital infrastructure or data. It can include hacking into systems,
deploying malware, or conducting denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.
 Examples: State-sponsored cyberattacks, corporate espionage, and
cyberterrorism

• Cyber Espionage
 The use of cyberspace to conduct espionage activities, such as stealing
sensitive or classified information from governments, businesses, or
individuals.
 Examples: Hacking into government networks to extract classified data,

Mamata Pandey
corporate espionage to steal intellectual property
• Penetration Testing (Red Teaming)
 Ethical hacking exercises where cybersecurity professionals (called "Red Teams")
simulate attacks on systems to identify vulnerabilities and improve defenses.
Although it's offensive in nature, it is used for defensive purposes.
 Examples: Ethical hackers trying to breach a company's network as part of a
security audit

• Cyber Warfare
 Large-scale cyber operations conducted by nation-states during conflicts, targeting
critical infrastructure, financial systems, or military networks of adversaries.
 Examples: Stuxnet (a famous cyberattack on Iran’s nuclear facilities),
cyberattacks targeting power grids, or military communication systems during
wars

• Cybercrime
 The use of cyberspace for criminal activities, including hacking, identity theft,

Mamata Pandey
financial fraud, ransomware, and illicit data trading on the dark web.
 Examples: Ransomware attacks, bank fraud, phishing schemes
 Thank You

Mamata Pandey