1. #include <stdio.

h>
int main() {
char letters[5] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'};
printf("Characters in array:\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%c ", letters[i]);
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
Characters in array:
ABCDE

2. #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char name[20];
printf("Enter your name: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Hello, %s!\n", name);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter your name: YESUDOSS
Hello, YESUDOSS !
3. #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
float marks[5] = {87.5, 90.0, 76.5, 82.0, 88.5};
printf("Float values in array:\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%.2f ", marks[i]);
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
Float values in array:
87.50 90.00 76.50 82.00 88.50

4. #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char letters[2][3] = {
{'A', 'B', 'C'},
{'D', 'E', 'F'}
};
printf("2D Char Array:\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%c ", letters[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
 }
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
2D Char Array:
ABC
DEF
5. #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char names[3][20] = {
"Alice",
"Bob",
"Charlie"
};
printf("Names in array:\n");
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
printf("%s\n", names[i]);
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Names in array:
Alice
Bob
Charlie
 EXAMPLE PROGRAMS

✅ 1. Matrix Addition

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
int B[2][2] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};
int C[2][2];

printf("Matrix Addition:\n");
for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<2;j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
printf("%d ", C[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output
Matrix Addition:
68
10 12

Explanation
for(int i=0; i<2; i++)

 Outer loop: Goes through rows (0 and 1).

🔁 for(int j=0; j<2; j++)

 Inner loop: Goes through columns (0 and 1).

➕ C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];

 Adds elements from A and B and stores in C.

For example:

 C[0][0] = 1 + 5 = 6
 C[0][1] = 2 + 6 = 8
 C[1][0] = 3 + 7 = 10
 C[1][1] = 4 + 8 = 12

🖨️printf("%d ", C[i][j]);

 Prints each element of matrix C row by row.

printf("\n");

 Moves to the next line after printing one row.

✅ 2. Matrix Subtraction

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[2][2] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};
int B[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
int C[2][2];

printf("Matrix Subtraction:\n");
for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<2;j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
printf("%d ", C[i][j]);
 }
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

✅ 3. Matrix Multiplication

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
int B[2][2] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};
int C[2][2] = {0};

printf("Matrix Multiplication:\n");
for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<2;j++) {
for(int k=0;k<2;k++) {
C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
}
printf("%d ", C[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

✅ 4. Transpose of a Matrix

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
int T[3][2];

printf("Transpose:\n");
 for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {
T[j][i] = A[i][j];
}
}

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<2;j++) {
printf("%d ", T[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

✅ 5. Check Symmetric Matrix

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {2, 1}};
int flag = 1;

for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<2;j++) {
if(A[i][j] != A[j][i]) {
flag = 0;
break;
}
}
}

if(flag)
printf("Matrix is symmetric\n");
else
printf("Matrix is not symmetric\n");
 return 0;
}

✅ 6. Diagonal Elements

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};

printf("Diagonal Elements:\n");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
printf("%d ", A[i][i]);
}

return 0;
}

✅ 7. Identity Matrix

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int I[3][3];

printf("Identity Matrix:\n");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {
if(i == j)
I[i][j] = 1;
else
I[i][j] = 0;
printf("%d ", I[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
 return 0;
}

✅ 8. Upper & Lower Triangular Matrix

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {0, 5, 6}, {0, 0, 9}};

printf("Upper Triangular Matrix:\n");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {
if(i > j)
printf("0 ");
else
printf("%d ", A[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

printf("\nLower Triangular Matrix:\n");

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {
if(i < j)
printf("0 ");
else
printf("%d ", A[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

✅ 9. Sparse Matrix
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int A[3][3] = {{0, 0, 3}, {0, 0, 0}, {4, 0, 0}};
int zero = 0, total = 3*3;

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {
if(A[i][j] == 0)
zero++;
}
}

if(zero > total / 2)

printf("It is a sparse matrix\n");
else
printf("It is not a sparse matrix\n");

return 0;
}

✅ 10. Determinant of a 2x2 Matrix

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a[2][2] = {{4, 3}, {6, 3}};
int det;

det = (a[0][0] * a[1][1]) - (a[0][1] * a[1][0]);

printf("Determinant: %d\n", det);

return 0;
}