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An induction motor operates on electromagnetic induction, featuring a simple construction and high efficiency, making it ideal for various industrial applications. It has two main types: squirrel cage and wound rotor, and starts automatically when connected to power. The star-delta starting method is commonly used to reduce inrush current during startup, transitioning to delta configuration for full power operation.

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7 views5 pages

Machine

An induction motor operates on electromagnetic induction, featuring a simple construction and high efficiency, making it ideal for various industrial applications. It has two main types: squirrel cage and wound rotor, and starts automatically when connected to power. The star-delta starting method is commonly used to reduce inrush current during startup, transitioning to delta configuration for full power operation.

Uploaded by

mohmednashat111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric machines

PME (301)
DR. Ehab Elwakil
Induc�on motor

Name ID
Omar Tarek 200013401
Ahmed tarek 200010966
Abdelrahman Elsayed 200016654
Hussien Nasr 200016890
Dallash Mohamed 200010334
An induction motor is a widely used type of electric motor that operates on the
principle of electromagnetic induction., simple in construction, and efficient,
making them suitable for numerous industrial applications.

Key Features of Induction Motors

1. Electromagnetic Induction: The motor operates without direct electrical


connections to the rotor. Instead, current is induced in the rotor by the
magnetic field of the stator.
2. Two Main Types:
o Squirrel Cage Induction Motor: The rotor is shaped like a
cylindrical cage. This type is commonly used due to its simplicity,
durability, and lower cost.
o Wound Rotor (Slip Ring) Induction Motor: The rotor has windings
connected to external resistances via slip rings. It is used for
applications requiring variable speed and high starting torque.
3. Self-Starting: Induction motors start automatically when connected to a
power supply, requiring no external mechanism for starting.

Basic Components

1. Stator: The stationary part of the motor, consisting of laminated iron cores
and windings.
2. Rotor: The rotating part, which can either be a squirrel cage or wound type.
3. Air Gap: The space between the stator and rotor where the magnetic field
operates.

Working Principle

1. When the stator windings are energized with an AC supply, they produce a
rotating magnetic field.
2. This rotating field induces a current in the rotor (via Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction).
3. The interaction between the stator's magnetic field and the rotor's induced
current generates a torque, causing the rotor to spin.

Advantages

• Durability: Minimal wear and tear due to no brushes or commutators.


• Cost-Effective: Lower manufacturing and maintenance costs.
• Reliability: Simple construction reduces the risk of failure.
Disadvantages

• Fixed Speed: Operates at a nearly constant speed under load, making it less
suitable for variable-speed applications without additional equipment.
• Lower Starting Torque: Compared to other motor types like DC motors.

Applications

• Industrial Uses: Pumps, fans, compressors, and conveyors.


• Household Appliances: Washing machines, refrigerators, and air
conditioners.
• Transportation: Electric vehicles, elevators, and escalators.
Simula�on

Components
o Induc�on motor
o Circuit breaker
o Overload protec�on
o Timer
o Contactor
o On and off switch
Starting an induction motor in a star configuration before switching to a
delta configuration is a common practice to reduce the inrush current
during startup. This method, known as the star-delta starting method,
protects the motor and the electrical network from excessive current
surges.

Why Start in Star Configuration?

1. Reduced Voltage Across Windings:


o In a star configuration, the line voltage is divided by √3
across each winding.
o This reduces the voltage applied to each winding, effectively
lowering the starting current and torque.
2. Inrush Current Limitation:
o When an induction motor starts, it initially draws a large
current (up to 6–8 times the rated current) due to the absence
of back EMF.
o Starting in star reduces the current to about one-third of the
current that would flow if the motor were started directly in
delta.
3. Protection of Electrical Network:
o Lower starting current prevents disturbances to the supply
network and reduces the risk of overloading transformers or
tripping circuit breakers.

Why Switch to Delta Configuration After Startup?

1. Full Power Operation:


o In delta configuration, the motor windings are subjected to
full line voltage.
o This allows the motor to deliver its full rated torque and
power, which is necessary for normal operation under load.
2. Efficiency:
o The delta configuration ensures that the motor runs
efficiently, utilizing the full capability of the power supply
and motor windings.

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