Futuristic Trends in IOT

e-ISBN: 978-93-5747-531-0
IIP Series, Volume 3, Book 1, Part 1, Chapter 7
ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT DETECTION

ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT

DETECTION
Abstract Authors

In a variety of settings, including Mr. R Praveen Kumar

military installations and commercial use, the Assistant Professor
use of RADAR SYSTEM, which uses Department of CSE(AI&ML)
electromagnetic waves for the detection of [email protected]
different physical components such as Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
distance, speed, position, range, direction, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
size, etc., which may be either fixed or in
motion, is made possible. Radar technology
Miss. M.Divya
has substantially evolved, particularly in
UG Scholar
navigation. We looked at the status of
Department of CSE(AI&ML)
navigational technology in this study and
[email protected]
proposed an Arduino-based radar system.
Vignan Institute of Technology and Science
The system consists of a simple ultrasonic
Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
sensor installed on a servo motor that rotates
at a predetermined angle and speed. Both the
servo motor and this ultrasonic sensor are
wired to the digital input and output pins of
the Arduino.

The objective of this paper is to

construct an ultrasonic transceiver, which is
essentially a form of radar system that can
gauge the precise distance and angle of
stationary objects placed around it using the
speed of ultrasonic waves in open space. An
Arduino microcontroller was used to transmit
and receive 40 KHz ultrasonic waves in order
to meet the needs of flexible usage. Sound
reflection is controlled by the time delay
between the sent and received waves. We
construct a basic radar employing an
ultrasonic sensor; this radar measures non-
contact distances between 3 and 40 cm and
angles between 15 and 180 degrees.A tiny
servo motor is used to regulate the sensor's
movement.

The goal of this study is to build an

ultrasonic radar system using an Arduino
interface and ultrasonic waves. To make
advantage of these frequency range waves,
we can employ the ultrasonic sensor HC-

Copyright © 2024 Authors Page | 57

 Futuristic Trends in IOT
e-ISBN: 978-93-5747-531-0
IIP Series, Volume 3, Book 1, Part 1, Chapter 7
ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT DETECTION

SR04. When an Arduino, a control and

sensing device, is linked to this sensor. The
Arduino will allow companies to produce a
lot more distinctive products without having
to spend a lot of money on numerous rigid
circuit boards. This radar system can be used
as proximity detectors and range metres in
industries. Hardware for the ultrasonic sensor
is linked to an Arduino. This measurement
technique is a rapid and reliable way to find
the objects. The distance between a barrier
and the sensor is measured using ultrasonic
technology.

Keywords: Proximity Detector,HC-SO4

Ultrasonic Sensor,Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic
Radar

Copyright © 2024 Authors Page | 58

 Futuristic Trends in IOT
e-ISBN: 978-93-5747-531-0
IIP Series, Volume 3, Book 1, Part 1, Chapter 7
ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT DETECTION

I. INTRODUCTION

There are numerous experiences to be found in every field in the developing world of
today. In any industry, little requirements are essential for creating complex computations.
By merging different sources, we may modify it to suit our needs and use it across a range of
fields. But digitalization today is at an all-time high. Therefore, we use a suitable display unit
for RADAR SYSTEM. Using ultrasonic sensors, we can convert sound waves, also known as
ultrasonic waves, into different units of measurement such as speed and distance. This
technique for an ultrasonic radar system in the air involves a burst of pulses being sent to the
transmission medium, known as the continuous pulse echo method.

Ultrasonic sensors work well for determining distance and locating items at a distance
without making direct contact. It can be used for a number of things, including as liquid level
measurement, proximity detection, and, more recently, car self-parking and anti-collision
systems. Finding the location and angle of the items can be done quickly and precisely in this
way. In this paper, we used an Arduino and the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor to calculate the
separation between an obstruction and the sensor. The essential building block of an
ultrasonic radar system is ECHO. Sound waves that strike the ground travel across the
surrounding area and then bounce back to the source as an ECHO.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The advancement of radar research and development has significantly changed

computers. Researchers who are working on radar will eventually be able to design, develop,
and improve security and user interfaces as well as be able to meet the necessary performance
criteria demanded in a variety of scenarios. An ultrasonic radar is one that substitutes
ultrasonic waves for electromagnetic waves in a radar. Radar is an object detecting
technology that employs electromagnetic waves to estimate the distance, altitude, direction,
or speed of both moving and stationary objects, including automobiles, ships, aeroplanes, and
other moving things like the sky and terrain. Any ultrasonic radar's main components are its
ultrasonic sensors. Ultrasonic sensors analyse echoes of radio or sound waves to determine a
target's characteristics in a manner similar to radar or sonar. In order to determine the range
and angle of the sensor's detection as well as the presence of any obstacles in front of it, this
paper employs an ultrasonic sensor that is connected to an Arduino Uno board and transmits
a signal to a laptop screen.

III. COMPONENTS USED

1. The Arduino Component: It is the main part of the circuit where the desired output's
coding or programme is discharged. Powerful single-board computers like the Arduino
microcontroller have become quite popular in both the professional and hobby markets.
The Arduino is an open-source platform that may be used to create interactive things that
can be controlled by a wide range of LEDs, motors, and other physical outputs.

2. Ultrasonic Sensor: An ultrasonic sensor is a piece of equipment that measures the

distance to a target item with ultrasonic sound waves and converts the sound that is
reflected back into an electrical signal. Compared to audible sound, which is the kind of
sound that people can hear, ultrasonic waves move more swiftly. The two main

Copyright © 2024 Authors Page | 59

 Futuristic Trends in IOT
e-ISBN: 978-93-5747-531-0
IIP Series, Volume 3, Book 1, Part 1, Chapter 7
ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT DETECTION

components of an ultrasonic sensor are the transmitter, which generates the sound using
piezoelectric crystals, and the receiver, which hears the sound after it has travelled to and
from the target.

3. Servomotor: The servomechanism. It is a closed-loop servomechanism, meaning that its

motion and ultimate position are controlled by position feedback. An analogue or digital
signal that represents the output shaft's requested position is the control system's input.

4. Interface: A USB cable (A plug to B plug) serves as the interface between the PC and
microcontroller. The USB port or an external power source are used by the Arduino
automatically.

5. The Part of the Indicator:It is the area where the position and angle of the obstacle are
displayed on a computer screen.

IV. PROPOSED WORK

Turn on the power supply after assembling all the parts in accordance with the circuit
schematic and uploading the code to the Arduino. The transmitter portion of the ultrasonic
sensor begins to produce sound waves at the same time. When an object passes in front of the
sensor, the sound wave is reflected back to the sensor receiving section from the object's
surface.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of Ultrasonic RADAR System s = (v x t)/2

Now that the sound wave is reflected, the ultrasonic sensor detects it, and the sensor echo pin
emits a strong pulse. The time interval between the sent and received sound waves is
represented by this output pulse duration. The Arduino then read the sensor echo pin's high
pulse output. Arduino does the time duration calculation, distance measurement, and angle
measurement this manner.

Where s is the separation between the item and sensor. V is equal to the sound speed
in air (340 m/s or 0.034 cm/s). The time interval (t) at which an object's surface reflects back

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 Futuristic Trends in IOT
e-ISBN: 978-93-5747-531-0
IIP Series, Volume 3, Book 1, Part 1, Chapter 7
ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT DETECTION

sound waves. Because time will double as the waves travel and reflect back from the object,
we must divide the distance value by 2.

V. RESULTS

Testing the system can produce the findings. The non-contact distance range for this
radar is 3 cm to 40 cm, and the angle range is 15 degrees to 180 degrees. A tiny servo motor
is used to regulate the sensor's movement. The outcome will be shown on a computer screen
by Processing Development Environment" software using data from the sensor.

Figure 2

Figure 3

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 Futuristic Trends in IOT
e-ISBN: 978-93-5747-531-0
IIP Series, Volume 3, Book 1, Part 1, Chapter 7
ULTRASONIC RADAR SYSTEM FOR OBJECT DETECTION

Figure 4
VI. CONCLUSION

This radar system was created using an Arduino, a servomotor, and an ultrasonic
sensor. It can detect the location and distance of obstacles in its path and transform that
information into a form that can be shown visually. Robotics can use this system for object
detection and avoidance, or it can be used to detect intrusions in specific locations. The
system's range is dependent on the kind of ultrasonic sensor being used. We used the 3 to 40
cm wide HC-SR04 sensor. The radius of the ultrasonic radar is dependent on the 180°
rotation of the radar.

1. The system can find the position and angle of the object.
2. The system provide low cost and efficient solution.

REFERENCES

[1] Kulkarni, A. U., Potdar, A. M., Hegde, S., & Baligar, V. P. (2019, July). Radar based object detector using
ultrasonic sensor. In 2019 1st International Conference on Advances in Information Technology (ICAIT)
(pp. 204-209). IEEE.
[2] Arun Francis, G., Arulselvan, M., Elangkumaran, P., Keerthivarman, S., & Vijaya Kumar, J. (2020). Object
detection using ultrasonic sensor. Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng, 8, 207-209.
[3] Oria, J. P., & Gonzalez, A. M. G. (1993, November). Object recognition using ultrasonic sensors in robotic
applications. In Proceedings of IECON'93-19th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (pp.
1927-1931). IEEE.
[4] Vidhya, D. S., Rebelo, D. P., D’Silva, C. J., Fernandes, L. W., & Costa, C. J. (2016). Obstacle detection
using ultrasonic sensors. IJIRST–International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology,
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[5] Kumar, K. K., Pooventhan, D., Pranesh, S., & Sandeep, P. K. (2023, April). Ultrasonic Sensor Based
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Systems for Next Generation Computing (ICSTSN) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[6] Singh, B., & Kapoor, M. (2021). A framework for the generation of obstacle data for the study of obstacle
detection by ultrasonic sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(7), 9475-9483.

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