COMPILATION

OF

PATTERNS OF WRITTEN TEXTS

Submitted by:

JOHN ANDREI ALIGARBES

GRADE 11- HUMSS H

Submitted to:

CRISLYN JOY E. SOLOMON

SUBJECT TEACHER

February 2025
 CAUSE AND EFFECT

Definition:

Cause-effect development describes the relationship between an event

(cause) and its ensuing consequences (effect). This method of analysis is used

to determine why something happened and the consequences that followed it. It

is commonly used in academic writing, scientific investigations, and research

papers to clarify the origins of problems and predict probable results. Writers

quite often distinguish between immediate effects and long-term ones; they might

provide a discussion of a variety of causes that lead to one effect or one cause

that leads to multiple effects.

Signal Words:

 Because

 Due to

 As a result

 Consequently

 Therefore

 Leads to

 Results in
 EXAMPLE OF CAUSE AND EFFECT

The Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health

Cause

Air pollution captures the attention of various causes, running from vehicle

discharge to industrial smoke and waste, deforestation, and burning of fossil

fuels. Even as cities continue to develop industrially, thus increasing the amount

of pollutants in the air, air quality continues to fall unabated.

Effect

Therefore, air pollution has a negative impact on people's health. Lung

infections, bronchitis, and asthma are among the respiratory conditions it can

cause. The risk of heart disease, stroke, and possibly cancer rises with

continuous exposure to polluted air. Furthermore, breathing in filthy air can impair

immunity, leaving people more vulnerable to disease. People's general quality of

life may be negatively impacted by eye discomfort, exhaustion, and breathing

difficulties in extremely polluted places.

Definition:

The classification pattern of development groups ideas, objects, or

concepts into categories according to their assigned characteristics. The basic

purpose of the classification pattern is to clearly delineate some information for

the ease of understanding of complex subjects. This pattern is used in essays,

reports, and research papers dealing with the number of types or categories of a

subject. While writing an essay, topics can also be classified on the basis of their

functions, purposes, or characteristics in such a way that each classification is

unique and distinct.

Signal Words:

 Types of

 Kinds of

 Categorized as

 Divided into

 Grouped into

 Classified as

 Falls under
 EXAMPLE OF CLASSIFICATION

Categories of Learning Environments

Teaching environments may be determined by how students relate to their

immediate educator and other classmates.

 Traditional classrooms refer to face-to-face interaction with teachers and

classmates, alongside a formal curriculum.

 Online learning, on the other hand, allows flexibility by providing virtual

classes, self-paced modules, and availability of digital materials.

 Blended learning combines elements of both official and online methods to

provide positive experiences for each student.

Following this classification, the dynamic nature of education in the modern

world is underlined.
 COMPARISON - CONTRAST

Definition:

Comparison-contrast development examines the similarities and

differences between two or more subjects. The most commonly used pattern in

writing analytical essays, literature reviews, and reports is establishing

relationships between concepts, ideas, or objects. Comparison focuses on

similarities while contrast on differences. This technique can be employed by

writers to help readers make rational decisions, grasp relationships, or measure

the pros and cons of certain options.

Signal Words:

 Resembles

 In the same way

 On the other hand

 Whereas

 However

 Unlike
 EXAMPLE OF COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

Nuclear Family vs. Extended Family

Comparison:

Both the nuclear and extended forms of families can provide love,

emotional support, and a sense of belonging. Parents constitute this particular

part of the family unit in both structures; their role is to guide and nurture children,

attending to their overall development and general well-being.

Contrast:

A nuclear family would only include parents and their children, making

them gain independence and space among themselves. A very extended family,

however, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, creating a scenario

of shared responsibilities but loss of personal space.

Definition:

The pattern of definition, development explains the meaning of a concept,

term, or idea with a clear and detailed explanation. This often includes various

approaches such as a formal definition, extended definition, and operational

definition. Examples, synonyms, comparisons, and explanations may be used by

writers as appropriate to clarify meanings, thus allowing the audience to grasp

fully the subject. This pattern is useful most especially in academic writing,

technical manuals, and legal documents where exact meanings bear much

importance.

Signal Words:

 Refers to

 Is defined as

 Means

 Is called

 Involves
 EXAMPLE OF DIFINITION

 Ecosystem – Ecosystem is to be taken as a biological unit of interacting

organisms and their environment, as in the case of the rainforest ecosystem

with the trees, animals, and insects that depend on each other for survival.

Likewise, marine species like fish, coral, algae, etc., exist together with a fine

balance in a coral reef ecosystem.

 Technology – Technology is the trade of tools, systems, or methods

developed for the entering into some service to solve a problem or enhance

human life. Examples are smartphones, which act as a means of

instantaneous communication, and artificial intelligence, enabling machines

to perform complex tasks that would require human intelligence, such as

voice recognition and data analysis.

Definition:

Descriptive patterns of development are those that attempt to present a

given person, place, object, or event in an elaborate fashion. By using the five

senses of sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch, the writer can help to immerse

their readers into the material. Descriptive language, figurative language, and

sensory details are oftentimes employed to keep the subject alive. This pattern is

widely used in creative writings, travelogues, product descriptions, etc., in order

to make the information more interesting and relatable.

Signal Words:

 For example

 For instance

 In detailed

 Looks like

 Sounds like
 EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTION

A Warm and Cozy Library

To enter the library is to be wrapped in the warmth of a hug. The scent of

old books and fresh coffee waft into the air, immediately calming the mind. High

rows of wooden shelves stand waiting to house innumerable stories. A soft glow

from vintage lamps cast just the right golden cocoon of light to be lost in a book.

A quiet whisper in the air occasionally and the turning of pages is all you hear,

and the place becomes a tranquil oasis thereof. Near that large opening was a

comfy sitting area beckoning the reader to snuggle in and release into the

outside world.
 NARRATION

Definition:

With the pattern of narration, the development provides a sequentially

chronological presentation of an event, usually telling a story or recounting

personal experiences. This is typically found in novels, short stories, biographies,

historical accounts, or news articles. The narration is composed by elements

such as characters, setting, conflict, and resolution, which makes the text

engaging and structured. Writers may make use of flashback, foreshadowing, or

a linear timeline to better organize the narrative.

Signal Words:

 First

 later

 Then

 At last

 Finally
 EXAMPLE OF NARRATION

Mystery Narrative

Detective Harris had seen a lot in his years on the force, but something

about this case felt… off. The broken vase near the window, the footprints

leading to the back door—it was too neat, too staged. He knelt down, his fingers

brushing against the cool tile. Something caught his eye—a faint smear of red

near the doorframe. Blood. Just as he reached for his notepad, a shadow shifted

outside. His pulse quickened. Someone was still here.

Definition

The pattern of development following persuasion is done to cause readers

to adopt some particular opinion, belief, or course of action. It employs reasoning

thought process, emotional appeal, and believable evidence to woo an audience.

Generally, writers present arguments, counters to those arguments, and

supporting details to strengthen their position. Persuasive writing is most

commonly seen in advertisements, editorials, political speeches, and essays that

promote a cause.

Signal Words

 Should

 Must

 need to

 it is essential

 in my opinion
 EXAMPLE OF PERSUASION

Political Campaign Speech

"My fellow citizens, the time for change is now! Our community deserves

better healthcare, improved education, and a stronger economy. If elected, I will

fight for policies that put people first, ensuring that no family is left behind.

Remember, your vote has the power to shape the future. Let’s work together to

create a brighter tomorrow. Vote for progress—vote for me!"

Definition

The problem-solution type of development outlines a specific issue and

presents a solution of some sort to address it. Such a mode is frequently seen in

academic essays, business reports, and policy discussions aimed at suggesting

workable solutions to real-life issues. Based on a thorough description of the

problem, some cause analyses would be performed, followed by an outline of

plausible solutions with assessments of these alternatives' feasibility and

effectiveness as possible courses of action. Such an approach provides a basis

for problem-solving discussions.

Signal Words for Problem-Solution

 Problem

 Issue

 Leads to

 Resolve

 To address
 EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM-SOLUTION

Unemployment in the Philippines

Problem:

Due to a lack of employment possibilities, mismatched skills, and unstable

economic conditions, many Filipinos suffer from unemployment. Poverty,

financial difficulties, and restricted access to necessities result from this.

Solution:

The government must create jobs for people by providing various means

of assistance to small businesses, attracting foreign direct investments, and

investing in vocational education and training programs. Likewise, schools should

ensure that they equip students with skills demanded by industry, thus greatly

increasing their chances of presented employment.