INTRODUCTION TO .

NET
What is Software?
 Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate a
computer and execute specific tasks.
 In simpler terms, software tells a computer how to function. It’s a generic
term used to refer to applications, scripts, and programs that run on
devices such as PCs, mobile phones, tablets, and other smart devices.
 Software contrasts with hardware, which is the physical aspects of a
computer that perform the work.
 Without software, most computers would be useless.
 Example: Web Browser, Notepad, Operating System, etc., …
Types of Software:
The two major types of computer software are:
 Application software
 System software

Two other types of computer software include:

 Programming software
 Driver software

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC):

Definition:
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the series of steps to achieve the
flexible, easy to maintain and enhanced Software Product. Each step of the
software development life cycle has the thorough planning.
Why to follow the SDLC?
 Keep the project under control.
 Predictable software product development.
 Poorly planned software projects tend to go out of hand.

SDLC:
 Allows business owners to retain control over the project.
 INTRODUCTION TO .NET
 Ensures predictable deliveries throughout an entire software
development process.
 Minimizes risk, for example, going over budget or deadline.
 Ensures that the software development process continues until all
expectations are met.

Phase 1 - Requirement collection:

 Collection of requirements for software product development from
stakeholders, industry experts, and even potential customers.
 Project owners outline the project scope, defining a budget, resources,
deadlines, and potential risks and quality assurance requirements.
 All requirements are encapsulated in a formal document, Software
Requirement Specification (SRS).

Phase 2 - Design:
 This stage of the software development life cycle involves designing the
entire system and its elements.
 High Level Design (HLD) - Architectural design.
 INTRODUCTION TO .NET
 Low level Design (LLD) – Component design.
Phase 3 - Software development:
 To build the actual software in this phase.
 Using the design document, software developers write code for the
components.
 The result of this phase is a working software product and a Source Code
Document.
Phase 4 - Testing:
To ensure the software meets requirements in this phase.
 Functional testing.
 Performance testing.
 Security testing.
 Usability testing.
Phase 5 - Deployment:
 The tested version of the software is shipped to the market for beta
testing.
 If any bugs come up during this stage, software developers fix them and
release new improved version.

Software development life cycle - Agile model:

Agile model:
 INTRODUCTION TO .NET
 Limited deliverables, adding new features on the go.

 Testing is performed throughout the entire software development.

 Quality Assurance is the key process.

 Benefit of this approach is that product owners can see the results of each
short cycle, provide their feedback, and make corrections if needed.

 Agile is best suited for projects with varying requirements.

Introduction to .Net:

.NET is an open-source and cross-platform development platform for building

many types of applications. Designed by Microsoft, the platform supports
multiple programming languages and libraries to build web, mobile, desktop,
IoT applications, and more.

.Net Architecture:

.Net Framework Architecture is a programming model for the .Net platform that
provides an execution environment and integration with various programming
languages for simple development and deployment of various Windows and
desktop applications. It consists of class libraries and reusable components.

.NET Components:

The architecture of .Net framework is based on the following key components.

1. Common Language Runtime:

The “Common Language Infrastructure” or CLI is a platform in .Net

architecture on which the .Net programs are executed.

The CLI has the following key features:

Exception Handling – Exceptions are errors which occur when the application is
executed.
 INTRODUCTION TO .NET
Examples of exceptions are:

 If an application tries to open a file on the local machine, but the file is
not present.

Garbage Collection – Garbage collection is the process of removing unwanted

resources when they are no longer required.

Examples of garbage collection are:

 The database connection is no longer required. If the application has

finished all operations on a database, then the database connection
may no longer be required.

Working with Various programming languages:

A developer can develop an application in a variety of .Net programming

languages.

1. Language – The first level is the programming language itself, the most
common ones are VB.Net and C#.
2. Compiler – There is a compiler which will be separate for each
programming language. So underlying the VB.Net language, there will be
a separate VB.Net compiler. Similarly, for C#, you will have another
compiler.
3. Common Language Interpreter – This is the final layer in .Net which
would be used to run a .net program developed in any programming
language. So the subsequent compiler will send the program to the CLI
layer to run the .Net application.
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.Net Tools and Editors:

Editor:

Visual Studio:

Visual Studio .NET is a Microsoft-integrated development environment

(IDE) that can be used for developing consoles, graphical user interfaces
(GUIs), Windows Forms, Web services and Web applications. It is very
popular and powerful with NuGet GUI incorporated.
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Tools:

NuGet:

NuGet is the package manager for . NET. It enables developers to create,

share, and consume useful. NET libraries. NuGet client tools provide the
ability to produce and consume these libraries as "packages".

Swagger And Postman:

Helps users build, document, test and consume RESTful web services
without UI.

Following above are the very basic and essential for Software development.
Other than this there is a lot of tools available for .Net.

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.Net Programming Languages:

Following Languages are most commonly used and introduced by Microsoft.

 C#
 Visual Basic (VB)
 F#

Other than this Microsoft languages, there are many non- Microsoft languages
are supported by .Net.

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programming-languages-for-web-development

Types of Apps with .Net:

 Console apps.
 Windows GUI apps (Windows Forms).
 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) apps.
 ASP.NET apps (Web Forms/MVC).
 Windows services.
 Service-oriented apps using Windows Communication Foundation
(WCF).
 Workflow-enabled apps using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF).
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Introduction to Client Server Architecture:

Two factors:

 A server is the one who provides requested services.

 Clients are the ones who request services.

Definition:

Client server architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts,

delivers, and manages most of the resources and services requested by the
client. It is also known as the networking computing model or client server
network as all requests and services are delivered over a network. The client-
server architecture or model has other systems connected over a network where
resources are shared among the different computers.

Typically, client server architecture is arranged in a way that clients are often
situated at workstations or on personal computers, while servers are located
elsewhere on the network, usually on more powerful machines. Such a model is
especially beneficial when the clients and server perform routine tasks. For
example, in hospital data processing, a client computer can be busy running an
application program for entering patient information, meanwhile the server
computer can be running another program to fetch and manage the database in
which the information is permanently stored.

Example:
Mail servers: Email servers are used for sending and receiving emails.
There is different software that allow email handling.

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 INTRODUCTION TO .NET

Front End Development:

Everything you see on a website, like buttons, links, animations, and more, were
created by a front-end web development. It is the front-end developer's job to
take the vision and design concept from the client and implement it through
code.

Languages must be known for front end development:

 HTML.
 CSS.
 JavaScript.
 jQuery and Bootstrap (added benefit).

Back End Development:

Back-end development means working on server-side software, which focuses on

everything you can’t see on a website. Back-end developers ensure the website
performs correctly, focusing on databases, back-end logic, application
programming interface (APIs), architecture, and servers. They use code that helps
browsers communicate with databases, store, understand, and delete data.

On a team, back-end developers collaborate with front-end developers, product

managers, principal architects, and website testers to build the structure of a
website or mobile app. They make sure the back-end performs quickly and
responsively to front-end user requests.

.Net is a framework on Back End. So .Net developers are also called Back End
developers, they must be known following things.

 Familiar on .Net framework.

 At least one .Net language, that can be C# or Visual Basic (VB).

Introduction to Database:

A collected information which is in an organized form for easier access,

management, and various updating is known as a database.

Containers having a huge amount of data are known as databases, for example,
a public library store books. Databases are computer structures that save,
organize, protect, and deliver data.
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Inside a database, the data is recorded in a table which is a collection of rows,
columns, and it is indexed so that to find relevant information becomes an easier
task. As new information is added, data gets updated, expanded and deleted.
The various processes of databases create and update themselves, querying the
data they contain and running applications against it.

Example Databases:

 SQL Server.
 MS Access.
 Oracle.
 MySQL.

Visual Studio IDE:

 Visual Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

developed by Microsoft to develop GUI (Graphical User Interface),
console, Web applications, web apps, mobile apps, cloud, and web
services, etc.
 With the help of this IDE, you can create managed code as well as native
code.
 It increases the productivity.
 Advanced debugging tools incorporated.
 NuGet packages – includes .Net libraries as a package to increase the
speed of development.
 Version control system.
 Deployment features.
 Extension support to customise based on their needs.

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