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9 views9 pages1.binomial Distribution
The document discusses the binomial distribution, explaining its properties and how to calculate probabilities of successes in a series of trials. It provides illustrative examples, including coin tosses and dice throws, to demonstrate how to apply the binomial formula and create histograms for visual representation. The document also outlines the steps for solving binomial probability problems and includes various scenarios to calculate specific outcomes.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views9 pages1.binomial Distribution
The document discusses the binomial distribution, explaining its properties and how to calculate probabilities of successes in a series of trials. It provides illustrative examples, including coin tosses and dice throws, to demonstrate how to apply the binomial formula and create histograms for visual representation. The document also outlines the steps for solving binomial probability problems and includes various scenarios to calculate specific outcomes.
Uploaded by
khushi75vCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 9
nn 0 1 -
pa) | "Copa" | "Cypig”* Cap gh? cesses
a
"C,p"a°
The probabilities of 0 success, 1 success, 2 successes, ......, n successes are respectively
the Ist, 2nd, 3rd, ....., 02 + Dith terms in binomial expansion of (q +p)’. This is why, it is called
binomial distribution.
455, BINOMIAL FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Ifa random experiment, satisfying the requirements of Binomial distribution, is re-
peated N times, then the expected frequency of getting r(0 3)=1-Pa< 3)
orx=lorx = 2)
~ (Pe = ) + Ple= 1) + Pix = 9))
1
C, Tyg» OSs 10.
=1-[Mo 4% 1, 1
* 1024" “4 Topq * Ce ia
1
Foar PCr +0, +190,
1
=1- oy + 10445) = 074-56 _ 968 01
i024 1024 = i9p4 = ing -
Scanned with CamScanner i
ix times. Find the probability of obtaining :
Example 2. An unbiased coin is tossed six 1
(i) exactly a heads a (i) less than 3 heads
(iii) more Y jan ‘ reads (iv) more than 4 heads and less than 6 heads
(v) more than 6 heads (vi) at least 4 heads
(vii) at most 4 heads (viii) 2 heads
(ix) at least 2 heads.
Sol. Let p be the probability of success, i.c., of getting head in the toss of the coin.
1
n=6, p=> and q=1-p
2°23
Let x be the binomial variable, “no. of successes’
By Binomial distribution, P(x =r) ="C, pq", 0.
@ ly )= La 64
P(x <8) = P(x =0 or lor 2)
siaetanaiai nce
1
1 =(14+6+15) g
(ii) Pdess than 3 heads;
=, 2 +80, Ze +80,
(iii) P(more than 4 heads) = ane a= a =5 or 6) = P(x = 5) + P(x = 6)
=, + od -6rvE=d.
(iv) P(more than 4 heads and less than 6 heads)
=P(4 6) =
(vi) P(at least 4 heads) = P(x 2 4)
= P(x = 4 or 5 or 6) = P(x = 4) + P(x = 5) + P(x = 6)
1 1 2 1
+5C, — = ae See
C, gq 7 5+6+D GF a3:
= 5
=O, +80, + 6
Peas)
(x = 0 or Lor 2 or 3 or 4)
Plc = 0) + Ple = 1) + Pr = 2) + Pr =8)+ P(e =4)
1 ,o¢, 2 40g, +
oa Ca Gy FCs Ge
(vii) P(at most 4 heads) =
1
= "Co Fa
BT
=(14+6+15+20415) Go =o.
Scanned with CamScanner Alternative method
a1-Pe>4)
Plat most 4 heads) = Pes @=1— PUPA 8. pu = 6
=1-P(x=5or6)=1
a
(viii) P(2 heads) = P(x = 2) =
i least 2 heads) = P(x 2 2) _
a see Pir <2) = 1 — Pe = 0 or 1)=1~ [P(x = 0) + Por = 1)
1, 6)_57
[ease 6a"
Example 3. A coin is tossed 7 times. What is the probability that head appears an odd
number of times. :
Sol. Let p be the probability of success, i.e., of getting a head.
1 11
sn=% p=y and q=l-p=1-5=5
Let x be the Binomial variable “no. of successes”.
By Binomial distribution, P(x =r) ="C,p'q",0 and q= Lil
d-V—p=1- = =
2 ta 22°
Let x be the
i he no. of successes”,
Bionomial variable “
eg Orton eeey
By Binomial dist bution,
Plx =r) =
"CPO, OS ren,
Pa =r) = 5G (3) ay 6
a sic (1) 4 1
\2) \2 ©, (3) =5C, (B) osrss.
Par=0) 4, (3). 1
32° Pes 1) =, (4) _
5
32) ~ 32
Scanned with CamScanner e TION
nomial OISTRIBU for
1
P(x =2)= °C, (S Je ae 10
32 32 : = 32°
1) 5
P(x = 4) = 5C, (3)- sc, (2) = 4
oa 4 (32) = 39° P(x = 5)=5C; (35) = 39°
The required probability distribution is
= o T z 3 7 5
a 5 10 5 1
Pa) | 32 32. 32 32. 32
The histogram of the Binomial Probability Distribution is shown in the figure :
P(x) HISTOGRAM
10.
32
x
° 0 1 2 3 4 5
Example 5. A die is thrown 6 times. If “getting an odd number” is a “success”. What is
the probability of :
(i) 5 successes ?
Sol. Let p be the probability of success, ie., of
3 lal
(ii) at least 5 successes ? (iii) at most 5 successes ?
vetting an odd rvinber.
1
2321 ana gel-pel-5F5-
CL eeere ee) ss ue cwee ao
Let x be the binomial variable “no. of successes”.
~. By Binomial distrik rion, Plc = C,pig',0Srsn.
Pa ences
) = "Cs | ga) = 9% Ga ~ 32°
Bix 5 5) + Px = 6)
(PG successes) = P(x =
Gi) Plat least 5 successes) = P(x 2 5) =
i 1 4) 2
="; (& &) +% (Z)-6+ D (Z =
(i) Plat most 5 successes) = P(x <5) = 1- Plr> 5)=1-P(x=6)
v3) (rd) 8
Scanned with CamScanner =~
«. How many times do you expect at least 3 dig
mes.
Example 6, Six dice are thrown 729 tin
i 6.
eee vege ie., of throwing a 5 or
Sol. Let p be the probability of success £6,
Sol. Let p _—
1 el-pel-==5°
n=6, p2geg anda 3
iable “ successes”.
Lot x be the binomial variable “no. of su
=n prgh,0Sr Sn.
By Binomial distribution, P(x =7)="C, Pd
ay (2° 5
= = 233,
iment of throwing 6 dice simultaneously is considered
cessively.
Remark. In the above example, the expe:
as the experiment of throwing a die 6 times suc:
Example 7. Five men in a group of 20 are graduates, If 3 men are picked out of 200
random, then what is the probability that (i) all are raduates (ii) at least one is graduate.
Sol. Let p = The probability that a man is graduate = ©. 2
4
Q=1-pei1-
1_3
aa Also n=3
Using Binomial distribution,
PX=r)= "Cg" pr,
; , O (ee (ele eee ae
[» (3) }- [9 (3 -2]-() @).
Example 9. The probability of a man hitting a target is 1/4. He fires 7 times. What is the
probability of his hitting the target at least twice ?
Sol. Let p be the probability of success, i.e., of hitting the target.
1 13
n=, p=q and g=l-p=1-]=
7
Let x be the binomial variable “no. of successes”.
By Binomial distribution, P(x =r) ="C,p'q"", 0Sr sn.
4
Now, Pthitting at least twice) = P(x 2 2)
=1-P <2) =1- [Px = 0) + P= 1)
fol 2e) G]
nfo om)
ro ra\Tor
3
Pix =r) = 76, (3) (3) ,OSrs7.
Scanned with CamScanner E le 10. The probability that a bulb produced by @ factory will fuse after 100 days
xample 10. )
of use is 0.05. Find the probability f5 Ibs :
i ility that out of 5 such bu
ae “ee (ii) not more than one
(i) none
(iii) more than one
will fuse after 100 days of use.
Sol. Let p be the probability of
5 ol
= 00 ~ 20 .
Let x be the binomial variable “no. of successes . ene
By Binomial distribution, P(x =r) ="C,prgh, OSrsn.
a 5-r
1y (19
pw =7)=*0, (35) 8) ,0Srs5.
1 (19) 19)?
() Plnone will fuse) = Pir =0=5Co {95} (a9) = (55) -
i) P(not more than one will fuse) = P(x < 1) = P(x = 0) + P(r = D)
0 49 48 1 aay 4 9°54 ve
1) (19 A) fey _ (19 bax 5x2 xa]. 19 (3)
"0, (35) (3) aecr (3) 2) -(2) [ 20° * 30 *" |= (ao) (5):
4
(iii) P(more than one will fuse) = P(r> 1)=1-Ple<1)=1- (2) () (Using part (i))
(iv) P(at least one will fuse) = P(x 21) =1-P(x<1)=1- P(x = 0)
0 a9 5 5
=1-50, (3) 9) _,_(19
20) \20 20) °
Example 11, The probability of a man hittin,
he bil ting a target is 1/2. He i ust he
fire so a the probability of hitting the target at least once is more than 90%? “mess
Sol. Let he fires n times. Let p be the Probability of success ie., of hitting the target.
(iv) at least one,
success, ie., the bulb being fused after 100 days.
12
and g=1-P 20°
n=5, p=0.0
1
P=5 and a=1-pa1-> =i
Let x be the binomial v.
ao
ariable “no. of si »
By Binomial dis, f successes”,
ribution,
Por =r) ="C, pr gr, O
