Dayananda Sagar Institutions (DSI)

Dayananda Sagar Business Academy (DSBA)

(AFFILIATED TO BANGALORE UNIVERSITY)

Accredited by NAAC
Udayapura, Opp. Art of Living, Kanakapura Main Road, Bangalore – 560082

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

IV Semester

COMPUTER ASSEMBLY AND REPAIR LAB MANUAL

Submitted by

NAME:

REGISTER NUMBER:

Academic Year 2023-2024

Lab -1 Demonstration of Hardware Peripherals: CPU, RAM, SMPS, Motherboard, NIC card,
Processor, Processor cooling fan, PCI card, HDD

Aim: To identify the computer hardware parts.

Requirements: CPU, RAM, SMPS, Motherboard, NIC card, Processor, Processor cooling fan,
PCI card, HDD

CPU/PROCESSOR

The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer case on the
motherboard.

The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside. The chip is usually
about the size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by
the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.

A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per second;

and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second.

RAM (random access memory)

RAM is your system's short-term memory.

This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off. When you save a file, the data
is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.

RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB).

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

 The power supply unit in a
computer converts the power from the
wall outlet to the type of power needed
by the computer. It sends power through
cables to the motherboard and other
components.

MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the computer's main

circuit board.
The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.

EXPANSION CARDS
PCI (peripheral component interconnect) cards. You may never need to add any PCI cards because
most motherboards have built-in video, sound, network, and other capabilities.

The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the Internet. It can
either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection (often called Wi-Fi).

PROCESSOR FAN
A fan on top of a computer processor. It helps pull and blow hot air off the processor, helping keep it
cooler.
HARD DRIVE

The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. The hard drive is long-
term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.
Lab- 2 Demonstration of various ports: CPU, VGA ports, PS/2 (Keyboard, Mouse), USB, LAN,
Speaker, Audio.
Aim: To identify the computer hardware parts various ports.

Requirements: Motherboard

CPU PORTS

Ports are slots on the motherboard into which a cable of external device is plugged in. Examples of
external devices attached via ports are the mouse, keyboard, monitor, microphone, speakers, etc.

Male ports. Have pins that protrude out from the connector and require a cable with a female connector.

Female ports. Have holes in the connector to accept the male cable’s pins.

Female Ports

VGA PORT:

VGA ports also known as Video Graphic Array connector are those which connect the monitor to a
computer’s video card. VGA port has 15 holes and it is similar to the serial port connector.

PS/2 PORT:

PS/2 ports are special ports used for connecting old computer keyboard and mouse. It was invented by
IBM. In old computers, there are minimum of two PS/2 Ports, each for the keyboard and the mouse. It
is a 6 pin mini Din connector.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) port:

In 1997 USB was first introduced. This can connect all kinds of external USB devices, like external
hard disk, printer, scanner, mouse, keyboard, etc.

Ethernet Port:
Ethernet Port helps to connect to a network and high-speed Internet (provided by LAN or other sources).
It connects the network cable to a computer and resides in a Ethernet card. It provides a data travel
speed of 10 Mb to 1000 Mb(megabits) per second.

Sockets: for Speaker and Audio

Microphones and speakers are connected with the help of Sockets to the sound card of the computer
Lab -3 Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification (RAM capacity, Processor
type, HDD 32bit/64bit)
Aim : Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification of RAM and HDD

Requirements: Computer

TO FIND YOUR COMPUTER NAME FROM DIFFERENT OPERATING SYSTEMS

Steps --

 Windows 7
 Windows 8/8.1
 Windows 10

WINDOWS 7

1. Click on the Start button.

2. Right-click on Computer.
3. Select Properties.
4. Under Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings you will find the computer name listed.

WINDOWS 8/8.1

1. Click on the Start button.

2. When the launch screen appears, type Computer.
3. Right-click on Computer within the search results and select Properties.
4. Under Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings you will find the computer name listed.

WINDOWS 10

1. Click on the Start button.

2. In the search box, type Computer.
3. Right click on This PC within the search results and select Properties.
4. Under Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings you will find the computer name listed.
SCREENSHOTS
Windows 7, 8/8.1, and 10

Step for Use the System Information Window to Check Your RAM
Another quick method to view the RAM specification is via System Information. Simply launch
the Start menu, search for System Information, click on the Best match, and then scroll to
find Installed Physical Memory (RAM) and Total Physical Memory.
HDD Specification

Step for System Information utility in Windows 10 and Windows 11

Press the Windows key, type System Information, and press Enter.

Or, you can use the Run box to open the System Information utility.

1. Press the Windows key+R keyboard shortcut.

2. In the Run box, type msinfo32.
3. Press Enter or click OK.
 4. In the System Information window in the left window panel list of hardware categories
appears. Expand Components, then Storage. Then, choose Drives, Disks, or any category
you'd like to view.

How to Check if Your Computer is 32 or 64-bit

1. Open Settings and click on the System tab.

2. On the next screen, click on About in the left-pane. In the right-pane, scroll down and check the
entry next to System Type listing “Device Specifications” section.
@ Home About

Windows 10
Edition Windows 10 Home
Battery
Version 1703

Storage OS Build 15063.413

ape
@ Tablet mode
Lab -4 Identify and Troubleshoot the problem of RAM (beep sound with blue screen), SMPS,
and motherboard (CPU is not switched on)

Aim: Identifying and Troubleshooting of RAM, SMPS and Motherboard

Requirements: Computer

1. Diminishing Performance

One of the most tell-tale signs of RAM failure is diminishing performance over time.
After first boot computer is running perfectly, after using memory-intensive apps such as Photoshop,
complex video games, and web browsers, the slower it becomes—The problem will be especially
noticeable on RAM
2. Random Crashes

Getting the blue screen of death on Windows every time you try and open a certain app, it's likely that
the app is the culprit rather than your hardware. But if you find that the crashes occur without warning
and at random times, your RAM could be responsible.

p Code Sequence/Pattern Meaning Troubleshooting Steps

 Reseat the memory.

 Make sure that the contacts on the memory and the socket are
On-off (1.0 second
clean.
each) three times,
then 2.5-second  Try removing one bank of memory modules at a time. (Some
pause (off). Memory systems can require a memory module in Bank 0.)
beeps
error
The pattern repeats  Try using memory modules from the same manufacturer with
until the computer is the same part number and speed.
powered off.
 Check for a faulty memory module by trying the memory in a
known good system.

SMPS Problems and Solutions

SMPS - Switched Mode Power Supply. An SMPS is a Device to efficiently provide a regulated output
voltage, from different level of the input voltage. SMPS transfers power from a source like the electrical
power grid to a load (Eg: Computer).
Tips For Power Supply Service
1. Be sure that the line- voltage switch(120/220 Vac) is set correctly for your region.
2. Do Not Use a Splitter
3. Be sure that each output is within tolerance (Voltage tolerances are usually +or-5%
4. Verify that the power-supply connectors are attached to the motherboard drivers
5. Check the AC Input voltage with the help of a Multimeter

Troubleshooting SMPS

Problem 1: The Power doesn't come on.

Solutions
1. Check the Power from the wall socket
2. Check the Voltage Setting On the CPU
3. Check the Power switch of the Cabinet and Front Panel of Motherboard
4. Check the Power Supply Connections to the Motherboard
5. Check the SMPS without connecting it to the motherboard, you could see the two wire green and
black which you have to short them (using any piece of wire/paper clip) in the 24 pin motherboard
connector of the SMPS.

Problem 2: The PC Powers on after the second or third try

Solutions
1. Check the Power switch of the Cabinet
2. Replace SMPS (Get a Better Quality SMPS)

Problem 3: The PC Powers on but nothing happens after that (no beep)
Solutions
1. Remove the last hardware component installed and check again
2. Replace SMPS (Get a Better Quality SMPS)
3. Check the power cables to the Devices (Harddisk, DVD Drive etc)

Problem 4: The PC Powers on beeps and stops. NO Power On Self-Test (POST)messages

Solutions
1. Check with another SMPS
2. This may be a Motherboard Problem.

Problem 5: The PC Powers on runs POST but there is no display

Solutions
1. Check the Monitor and the VGA Cable Connections
2. Check with another SMPS
3. This may be a Display Card Problem
 Problem 6: There is a squealing/whistling/whining noise from SMPS when the PC starts
Solutions
1. Check the SMPS Fan
2. Component problem with SMPS. Replace it

Problem7: The PC freezes or reboots suddenly

Solutions
1. Check the SMPS Fan (May be overheating Problem)
2. Replace the SMPS
fan error occurs during startup, you will:
 Hear an audible beep code, or
 See a blink pattern on the power LED

Audible beep codes

You can hear the beep codes through the on-board piezoelectric speaker. For Intel® Desktop Boards
without the on-board speaker, you can hear the beeps through a speaker attached to the line out audio
jack on the board.

Beep
Sequence/Pattern Meaning Troubleshooting Steps
Code

F2 Setup /
Single F10 Boot This short beep occurs when the BIOS is ready to
One 0.5 second beep Menu
beep accept keyboard input. No action needed.
prompt

On-off (1.0 second each)

 Reseat add-in graphics card.
two times, then 2.5-second Video error
pause (off). (no add-in  Make sure a compatible processor is installed.
2 beeps The pattern repeats once. graphics
card Related topics
installed) No video and two beeps during boot
Then the computer
Intel® Processors and Boards Compatibility Tool
continues to boot.

 Reseat the memory.

 Make sure that the contacts on the memory and

the socket are clean.
On-off (1.0 second each)
three times, then 2.5-  Try removing one bank of memory modules at a
second pause (off). time. (Some systems can require a memory
Memory module in Bank 0.)
3 beeps error
The pattern repeats until
the computer is powered  Try using memory modules from the same
off. manufacturer with the same part number and
speed.

 Check for a faulty memory module by trying the

memory in a known good system.

Alternate high and low

 Check that the processor heatsink/fan is properly
beeps (1.0 second each) for
installed.
High/low 8 beeps. CPU thermal
beeps trip warning  Check that the thermal interface material is
Then the computer shuts
sufficient and is spread evenly.
down.