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Graph 12

A graph is defined as a set of vertices and edges connecting them, represented as G(V, E). Graphs can be directed or undirected, with specific terminology such as paths, cycles, and connected graphs describing their properties. Additional concepts include complete graphs, weighted graphs, and the degree of nodes, which help in understanding the structure and relationships within the graph.

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7 views3 pages

Graph 12

A graph is defined as a set of vertices and edges connecting them, represented as G(V, E). Graphs can be directed or undirected, with specific terminology such as paths, cycles, and connected graphs describing their properties. Additional concepts include complete graphs, weighted graphs, and the degree of nodes, which help in understanding the structure and relationships within the graph.

Uploaded by

rchy83194
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graph

A graph can be defined as group of vertices and edges that are used to connect these vertices.
A graph can be seen as a cyclic tree, where the vertices (Nodes) maintain any complex
relationship among them instead of having parent child relationship.

Definition
A graph G can be defined as an ordered set G(V, E) where V(G) represents the set of
vertices and E(G) represents the set of edges which are used to connect these vertices.

A Graph G(V, E) with 5 vertices (A, B, C, D, E) and six edges ((A,B), (B,C), (C,E), (E,D),
(D,B), (D,A)) is shown in the following figure.

Directed and Undirected Graph


A graph can be directed or undirected. However, in an undirected graph, edges are not
associated with the directions with them. An undirected graph is shown in the above figure
since its edges are not attached with any of the directions. If an edge exists between vertex
A and B then the vertices can be traversed from B to A as well as A to B.

In a directed graph, edges form an ordered pair. Edges represent a specific path from some
vertex A to another vertex B. Node A is called initial node while node B is called terminal
node.

A directed graph is shown in the following figure.


Graph Terminology
Path
A path can be defined as the sequence of nodes that are followed in order to reach some
terminal node V from the initial node U.

Closed Path
A path will be called as closed path if the initial node is same as terminal node. A path will
be closed path if V0=VN.

Simple Path
If all the nodes of the graph are distinct with an exception V0=VN, then such path P is called
as closed simple path.

Cycle
A cycle can be defined as the path which has no repeated edges or vertices except the first
and last vertices.

Connected Graph
A connected graph is the one in which some path exists between every two vertices (u, v)
in V. There are no isolated nodes in connected graph.
Complete Graph
A complete graph is the one in which every node is connected with all other nodes. A
complete graph contain n(n-1)/2 edges where n is the number of nodes in the graph.

Weighted Graph
In a weighted graph, each edge is assigned with some data such as length or weight. The
weight of an edge e can be given as w(e) which must be a positive (+) value indicating the
cost of traversing the edge.

Digraph
A digraph is a directed graph in which each edge of the graph is associated with some
direction and the traversing can be done only in the specified direction.

Loop
An edge that is associated with the similar end points can be called as Loop.

Adjacent Nodes
If two nodes u and v are connected via an edge e, then the nodes u and v are called as
neighbors or adjacent nodes.

Degree of the Node


A degree of a node is the number of edges that are connected with that node. A node with
degree 0 is called as isolated node.

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