K.E.

CARMEL GROUP OF SCHOOLS

ICSE 2026
SUBJECT – ROBOTICS & AI
PART V, ASSIGNMENT 16
Prepare a mind map on how the artificial intelligence could be utilized in
the “RGB Color Mixing Systems”.
 INTRODUCTION
(To be Hand-Written on the Ruled Page)
[Students must Modify / Re-Phrase the given Sample Introduction]

RGB devices start with darkness and add red, green, and blue light beams
over a black surface or screen to create color. Each of these beams has a
level of intensity, from fully on to fully off. These red, green, and blue
beams superimpose in various intensities to create a spectrum of color.

The color we perceive is determined by the intensity of each beam. For

example, if each beam has zero intensity, meaning no light, the screen or
surface will appear black. If each beam has full intensity, the screen or
surface will appear white. If all three beams have the same intensity, the
color will appear gray.

We see color based on the intensity of each beam. If the red beam is
strongest, we will see red. If the red and blue beams are equal intensity
and the green beam is low, we will see magenta. This secondary color is
achieved by mixing the two primary colors, red and blue.

The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing,
representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as
televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional
photography and colored lighting. Before the electronic age, the RGB
color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human
perception of colors.
 MECHANISM OF THE
RGB COLOR MIXING SYSTEMS
(To be Printed & Pasted on the Ruled Page)
[Students must Use the given exact Same Diagram]
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR THE
RGB COLOR MIXING SYSTEMS
(To be Hand-Written on the Ruled Page)
[Students must Write the given exact Sample Components]

 Arduino UNO
 RGB LED
 Resistor 10K Ohm
 Resistor 230 Ohm
 Jumper Wires
 Pushbutton Switch
 Breadboard
 Rotary Potentiometer
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE
RGB COLOR MIXING SYSTEMS
(To be Printed & Pasted on the Ruled Page)
[Students must Use the given exact Same Diagram]
 WORKING OF THE
RGB COLOR MIXING SYSTEMS
(To be Hand-Written on the Ruled Page)
[Students must Modify / Re-Phrase the given Sample Working]

 You have to wire the schematic as shown in the diagram.

 Wire the RGB LED in the PMW pins 9, 10 and 11 of the Arduino.
 Connect the pushbutton to pin 7 .
 Connect the three potentiometer into pin A0, A1 and A3
respectively
 Add a 10K Ohms resistor to the ground connected to the pushbutton.
 Connect the three 230 Ohm resistors between the LEDs and the
output pins to protect the LEDs from blowing off.
 After wiring the schematic listed, try turning the potentiometers
knob.
 Nothing happens because the pushbutton is off.
 Hit the pushbutton and try turning the knobs again and now the LED
should turn on.
 You notice different colors depending on which LED is on or off or
partially on.
 CODE OF THE
RGB COLOR MIXING SYSTEMS
(To be Printed & Pasted on the White Page)
[Students must Use the given exact Same Code]

int blue = 9; // Define Digital Pins for each colour of the LED
int green = 10;
int red = 11;
int redPot = A0;
int greenPot = A1; //Define Analog Pins for the 3 potentiometers
int bluePot = A2;
int greenVal = 0; //Create a variable to store the state of each
Potentiometer
int blueVal = 0;
int redVal = 0;
const int BUTTON = 7; //Define the button Pin
int state = 0; //Create a variable to store wether button is on or off
int val = 0; //Create a variable to store the momentary state of the button
int old_val = 0; //create a variable to store the previous state of the button

void setup( ) {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(green, OUTPUT); //Set LED's as output's, button as input
pinMode(blue, OUTPUT);
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop( ) {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
Serial.begin(9600); //Open the serial monitor at 9600 baud
val = digitalRead(BUTTON); // Check state of button
if ((val == HIGH) && (old_val == LOW)) { //Check to see if state of
button has changed
 state = 1 - state; //Set the button as either on (1) or off (0)
delay(10);
}

old_val = val; // Save the previous button reading to

compare next time through loop
greenVal = analogRead(greenPot); //Read the position of the
potentiometers
blueVal = analogRead(bluePot);
redVal = analogRead(redPot);

if (state == 1) { // If button is on, set the state of each LED

according to position
analogWrite(green, greenVal / 4); // of its correspoding
potentiometer. Anolog inputs range from 0-1023,
analogWrite(blue, blueVal / 4); // while anolog outputs as PMW
can be from 0-255. Therefore we must
analogWrite(red, redVal / 4); // divide the potentiometer readings
by 4 to set the state correctly

Serial.print("RGB(");
Serial.print(redVal/4);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(greenVal/4);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(blueVal/4); //Print the RGB Code, resuable in any
RGB application
Serial.println(")");
delay(50);
} else { // If button is off, set all LED's to LOW/off
analogWrite(green, 0);
analogWrite(blue, 0);
analogWrite(red, 0);
delay(50);
}
}
 MIND MAP OF THE
RGB COLOR MIXING SYSTEMS
(To be Printed & Pasted on the White Page)
[Students must Use the given exact Same Diagram]
 CONCLUSION
(To be Hand-Written on the Ruled Page)
[Students must Modify / Re-Phrase the given Sample Conclusion]

The RGB color model is one of the most widely used color representation
method in computer graphics. It use a color coordinate system with three
primary colors:
R(red), G(green), B(blue)
Each primary color can take an intensity value ranging from 0(lowest) to
1(highest). Mixing these three primary colors at different intensity levels
produces a variety of colors. The collection of all the colors obtained by
such a linear combination of red, green and blue forms the cube shaped
RGB color space.