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Recursion Examples

The document provides examples of recursion in Python, illustrating various functions such as calculating the sum of natural numbers, power calculation, reversing a string, finding the greatest common divisor, and more. Each example includes a function definition, a base case, a recursive case, and a print statement to demonstrate the output. The document covers a total of ten recursive functions, showcasing their implementation and usage.

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raghadabdallah251
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5 views

Recursion Examples

The document provides examples of recursion in Python, illustrating various functions such as calculating the sum of natural numbers, power calculation, reversing a string, finding the greatest common divisor, and more. Each example includes a function definition, a base case, a recursive case, and a print statement to demonstrate the output. The document covers a total of ten recursive functions, showcasing their implementation and usage.

Uploaded by

raghadabdallah251
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Examples of Recursion in Python

1. Sum of Natural Numbers

def sum_of_natural_numbers(n):

# Base case

if n == 0:

return 0

# Recursive case

return n + sum_of_natural_numbers(n - 1)

print(sum_of_natural_numbers(10)) # Output: 55

2. Power Calculation (Exponentiation)

def power(base, exp):

# Base case

if exp == 0:

return 1

# Recursive case

return base * power(base, exp - 1)

print(power(2, 3)) # Output: 8

3. Reversing a String
def reverse_string(s):

# Base case

if len(s) == 0:

return ""

# Recursive case

return s[-1] + reverse_string(s[:-1])

print(reverse_string("hello")) # Output: "olleh"

4. Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

def gcd(a, b):

# Base case

if b == 0:

return a

# Recursive case

return gcd(b, a % b)

print(gcd(48, 18)) # Output: 6

5. Tower of Hanoi

def tower_of_hanoi(n, source, target, auxiliary):

if n == 1:

print(f"Move disk 1 from {source} to {target}")

return

tower_of_hanoi(n - 1, source, auxiliary, target)


print(f"Move disk {n} from {source} to {target}")

tower_of_hanoi(n - 1, auxiliary, target, source)

tower_of_hanoi(3, 'A', 'C', 'B')

6. Binary Search

def binary_search(arr, target, low, high):

# Base case

if low > high:

return -1

mid = (low + high) // 2

if arr[mid] == target:

return mid

elif arr[mid] > target:

return binary_search(arr, target, low, mid - 1)

else:

return binary_search(arr, target, mid + 1, high)

arr = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11]

print(binary_search(arr, 7, 0, len(arr) - 1)) # Output: 3

7. Flatten a Nested List

def flatten_list(nested_list):

# Base case

if not nested_list:
return []

if isinstance(nested_list[0], list):

# Recursive case for nested list

return flatten_list(nested_list[0]) + flatten_list(nested_list[1:])

else:

# Recursive case for non-nested elements

return [nested_list[0]] + flatten_list(nested_list[1:])

nested_list = [1, [2, [3, 4], 5], 6]

print(flatten_list(nested_list)) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

8. Check if a Number is Palindromic

def is_palindrome(s):

# Base case

if len(s) <= 1:

return True

# Recursive case

if s[0] != s[-1]:

return False

return is_palindrome(s[1:-1])

print(is_palindrome("racecar")) # Output: True

print(is_palindrome("hello")) # Output: False

9. Count Ways to Climb Stairs


def climb_stairs(n):

# Base cases

if n == 1:

return 1

if n == 2:

return 2

# Recursive case

return climb_stairs(n - 1) + climb_stairs(n - 2)

print(climb_stairs(5)) # Output: 8

10. Generate Permutations

def permutations(s):

# Base case

if len(s) == 1:

return [s]

# Recursive case

result = []

for i, char in enumerate(s):

for perm in permutations(s[:i] + s[i+1:]):

result.append(char + perm)

return result

print(permutations("abc")) # Output: ['abc', 'acb', 'bac', 'bca', 'cab', 'cba']

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