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Q 4

The document contains a series of problems related to transformers, including calculations for maximum flux density, energy loss due to hysteresis, voltage regulation, efficiency at different loads, equivalent circuit analysis, and performance under various conditions. It covers both single-phase and three-phase transformers, with specific focus on parameters like turns ratio, power factor, and impedance. Additionally, it addresses the effects of core saturation and inrush current during transformer operation.

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Hurty James Dayon
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14 views2 pages

Q 4

The document contains a series of problems related to transformers, including calculations for maximum flux density, energy loss due to hysteresis, voltage regulation, efficiency at different loads, equivalent circuit analysis, and performance under various conditions. It covers both single-phase and three-phase transformers, with specific focus on parameters like turns ratio, power factor, and impedance. Additionally, it addresses the effects of core saturation and inrush current during transformer operation.

Uploaded by

Hurty James Dayon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

A 2000-turn primary winding and 1000-turn secondary winding transformer is


connected to a 230V, 50Hz AC supply. If the core cross-sectional area is 100 cm²,
determine the maximum flux density in the core.

2. A transformer has a nonlinear magnetization curve with hysteresis. Given a B-H


curve, determine the energy lost per cycle due to hysteresis if the core volume is
0.05 m³ and the operating frequency is 60 Hz.

3. Voltage Regulation and Efficiency


A 100 kVA, 11 kV/400 V transformer has a full-load efficiency of 98% at 0.8 power
factor lagging. If the core losses are 1.2 kW, determine the full-load copper
losses and efficiency at half-load, 0.9 power factor leading.

4. A transformer is operating at 85% of its full load at 0.7 power factor leading.
The no-load losses are 500 W, and full-load copper losses are 1200 W. Determine the
actual efficiency.

5. A 150 kVA transformer has iron losses of 900 W and full-load copper losses of
2500 W. At what fraction of full load will the efficiency be maximum?

6. Equivalent Circuit Analysis


The open-circuit test on a 5 kVA, 500/250 V transformer gave readings:

Primary voltage: 500V

Primary current: 0.6A

Power input: 90W

The short-circuit test gave:

Voltage applied: 25V

Current drawn: 10A

Power input: 200W

7. Find the equivalent resistance and reactance referred to both primary and
secondary sides.

8. A single-phase 2200/220 V transformer has Rp = 1Ω, Rs = 0.01Ω, Xp = 5Ω, and Xs =


0.05Ω. If the secondary delivers 50 A at 220 V, determine the primary current,
power input, and efficiency.

9. Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Tests


A 250 kVA, 11 kV/400 V transformer has a short-circuit impedance of 0.02 + j0.08
pu. Determine the actual values of resistance and reactance on both primary and
secondary sides.

A 5 kVA, 230/115 V transformer has the following test data:

OC Test: 230V, 1.2A, 100W

SC Test: 20V, 25A, 200W

10. Find the voltage regulation at full load, 0.8 power factor lagging.
11. A 100 kVA, 11 kV/415 V Δ-Y transformer supplies a balanced three-phase load of
75 kW at 0.9 power factor lagging. Calculate the primary and secondary line
currents.

12. A three-phase, 100 kVA, 6.6 kV/400 V Δ-Δ transformer has leakage impedance per
phase referred to primary as (0.5 + j2.0) Ω. Find the voltage regulation at 0.8
power factor lagging.

13. A 100 kVA, 480/240 V transformer is converted into an autotransformer to supply


a 600V load. Calculate the new kVA rating.

14. A two-winding transformer with a turns ratio of 5:1 operates as an


autotransformer. If the primary winding has a rating of 10 kVA, determine the
maximum possible kVA rating of the autotransformer.

15. Two single-phase transformers rated 100 kVA and 150 kVA have per-unit
impedances of (0.02 + j0.06) pu and (0.03 + j0.07) pu, respectively. Determine the
load shared by each transformer when supplying a total load of 180 kVA at 0.9 power
factor lagging.

16. Two three-phase, 200 kVA transformers are operating in parallel. Their
impedance ratios are 1:1.5. If the total load is 300 kVA, determine the real and
reactive power handled by each transformer.

17. A transformer operating at 50 Hz experiences third-harmonic core flux. If the


core saturation begins at 1.5T, determine whether the flux at third harmonic
frequency (150 Hz) exceeds saturation for an applied sinusoidal voltage of 400V.

18. A 500 kVA, 50 Hz transformer has an iron loss of 3000 W at full voltage and
1600 W at half voltage. Determine the hysteresis and eddy current losses
separately.

19. A current transformer (CT) has a turns ratio of 500:5 and burdens of 5Ω. If the
secondary current is 4 A, determine the primary current and burden voltage.
A potential transformer (PT) with a ratio of 10:1 has a burden impedance of 20Ω.
If the secondary voltage is 100V, determine the primary voltage and total power
dissipation in the burden.

20. A 1000 kVA, 11 kV/400 V transformer is switched ON to a supply voltage of 11 kV


with an initial core flux of -0.8 times the normal peak flux. Determine the maximum
inrush current assuming no residual magnetism and negligible winding resistance.

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