Name Period

AP Statistics | Unit 06 – One Sample Inference Review

Multiple Choice

1. Gallup Poll interviews 1600. Of these, 18% say that they jog regularly. A news report adds,
“The poll had a margin of error of plus or minus three percentage points.” You can safely
conclude that
a. 95% of all Gallup Poll samples like this one give answers within plus or minus 3% of the
true population value
b. the percent of the population who jog is certain to be between 15% and 21%
c. 95% of the population jog between 15% and 21% of the time
d. we can be 3% confident that the sample result is true
e. if Gallup took many samples, 95% of them would find that 18% of the people in the
sample jog.

2. An agricultural researcher plants 25 plots with a new variety of corn. A 90% confidence interval
for the average yield for these plots is found to be 162.72 ± 4.47 bushels per acre. Which of the
following is the correct interpretation of the interval?
a. There is a 90% chance the interval from 158.28 to 167.19 captures the true average
yield
b. 90% of sample average yields will be between 158.28 and 167.19 bushels per acre
c. We are 90% confident the interval from 158.28 to 167.19 captures the true average
yield
d. 90% of the time, the true average yield will fall between 158.28 and 167.19
e. We are 90% confident the true average yield is 162.72

3. You are told that the proportion of those who answered “yes” to a poll about Internet use is
0.70, and that the standard error is 0.0459. The sample size is
a. is 50
b. is 99
c. is 100
d. is 200
e. cannot be determined from the information given

4. The standardized test scores of 16 students have mean x=200 and a standard deviation of
s x =20. What is the standard error of x ?
a. 20
b. 10
c. 5
d. 1.25
e. 0.80

5. A newspaper conducted a statewide survey concerning the 2008 race for state senator. The
newspaper took a random sample (assume it is an SRS) of 1200 registered voters and found
that 620 would vote for the Republican candidate. Let p represent the proportion of registered
voters in the state that would vote for the Republican candidate. A 90% confidence interval for
p is
a. 0.517 ± 0.014
b. 0.517 ± 0.022
c. 0.517 ± 0.024
d. 0.517 ± 0.028
e. 0.517 ± 0.249
6. An SRS of 100 postal employees found that the average time these employees had worked for
the postal service was x=7 years with standard deviation s x =2 years. Assume the distribution
of the time the population of employees has worked for the postal service is approximately
Normal. A 95% confidence interval for the mean time μ the population of postal service
employees has spent with the postal service is
a. 7 ± 2
b. 7 ± 1.984
c. 7 ± 0.525
d. 7 ± 0.4
e. 7 ± 0.2

7. You attend a large university with approximately 15,000 students. You want to construct a
90% confidence interval estimate, within 5%, for the proportion of students who favor
outlawing country music. How large a sample do you need?
a. 15,000
b. 750
c. 675
d. 271
e. 150

8. Bags of a certain brand of tortilla chips claim to have a net weight of 14 ounces. Net weights
actually vary slightly from bag to bag and are normally distributed with mean μ . A
representative of a consumer advocate group wishes to see if there is any evidence that the
mean net weight is less than advertised and so intends to test the hypotheses
H0: μ = 14 Ha: μ < 14.
To do this, he selects sixteen bags of this brand at random and determines the net weight of
each. He finds the sample mean to be = 13.82 and the sample standard deviation to be s =
0.24. We conclude that we would
a. Reject H0 at significance level 0.10 but not at 0.05.
b. Reject H0 at significance level 0.05 but not at 0.025.
c. Reject H0 at significance level 0.025 but not at 0.01.
d. Reject H0 at significance level 0.01.
e. Fail to reject H0 at the α = 0.10 level.

9. In a test of H0: p = 0.4 against Ha: p ¿ 0.4, a sample of size 100 produces z = 1.28 for the
value of the test statistic. Thus the P-value (or observed level of significance) of the test is
approximately equal to:
a. 0.90
b. 0.40
c. 0.05
d. 0.20
e. 0.10

10. You are thinking of using a t-procedure to test hypotheses about the mean of a population
using a significance level of 0.05. You suspect the distribution of the population is not normal
and may be moderately skewed. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. You should not use the t-procedure since the population does not have a normal
distribution.
b. You may use the t-procedure provided your sample size is large, say at least 50.
c. You may use the t-procedure, but you should probably only claim the significance level
is 0.10.
d. You may not use the t-procedure. t-procedures are robust to non-normality for
confidence intervals but not for tests of hypotheses.
e. None of the above is correct.
Free Response

1. A machine at a soft-drink bottling factory is calibrated to dispense 12 ounce of cola into

cans. A simple random sample of 35 cans is pulled from the line after being filled and the
contents are measured. The mean content of the 35 cans is 11.93 ounces with a standard
deviation of 0.085 ounce.
a. Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval to estimate the true mean
contents of the cans being filled by this machine.

b. Based on your result from (a), does the machine appear to be working properly?
Justify your answer.

c. Interpret the confidence level of 95% in context.

2. Among all the law firms in a large city, ten are randomly selected, and from each of these,
five employees are randomly chosen. Suppose that 17 of the 50 selected employees are
 paralegals. Calculate and interpret a 95% confidence interval estimate for the proportion
of this city’s law firm employees who are paralegals.

3. A steel mill’s milling machine claims to produce steel rods that are 5 cm in diameter. A
consumer of this product believes this to be an underestimate. A large random sample of
150 produced by the machine yields a sample mean diameter of 5.005 cm with a sample
standard deviation of 0.037 cm.
a. Perform a test of the steel mill’s claim against the consumer’s claim at the α = 0.10
 significance level.

b. If the rod diameters did not already have a normal distribution, would it still be
acceptable to perform this test? Explain.

4. Mars Inc., makers of M&M candies, claims that they produce plain M&Ms with the following
distribution:
Brown: 30% Red: 20% Yellow: 20%
Orange: 10% Green: 10% Blue: 10%

A bag of plain M&Ms was selected randomly from the grocery store shelf, and the color
counts were as follows:
Brown: 16 Red: 11 Yellow: 19
 Orange: 5 Green: 7 Blue: 3

Perform an appropriate test of the manufacturer’s claim for the proportion of yellow M&Ms
and interpret your results.