What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby

shared resources, software and information are
provided to computers and other devices on-demand,
(depends on request)like the electricity grid.
Five Attributes of Cloud Computing
 Service based
 Scalable
 Shared
 Metered by use
 Uses
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internet technologies
What is Cloud Computing?
 Distributed computing on internet Or
delivery of computing service over the
internet.
 Examples: Yahoo!, GMail, Hotmail
 Instead
of running an e-mail program on
your computer, you log in to a Web e-
mail account remotely.
 The software and storage for your
account doesn't exist on your computer,
it's on the service's computer cloud.
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What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
processing, configuring, and accessing the
applications online. It offers online data
storage, infrastructure and application.
Cloud Computing is both a combination of
software and hardware based computing resources
delivered as a network service.

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Cont….
 Cloud computing is based on “elastic/flexible resources”:

A cloud provider offers resources: CPU cycles, RAM, disk storage,

network bandwidth.
 Insteadof using your own hardware, you put your software and
your data into “the cloud”.
 If you need only few resources, you take and pay only few.
 Ifyou need more resources, more resources are available
dynamically on-demand and you pay for what you consume.
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What is Cloud Computing Architecture?
 What is Cloud Computing Architecture?
A Cloud computing architecture consists of several components
like a frontend platform, a backend platform or servers, a
network or Internet service, and a cloud-based delivery service.
 Thefront end consists of the client part of a cloud computing
system. It comprises interfaces and applications that are
required to access the Cloud computing or Cloud programming
platform.
 The back end refers to the cloud itself, it comprises the
resources required for cloud computing services. It consists of
virtual machines, servers, data storage, security mechanisms,
etc. It is under the provider’s control.
 CONT….

 Cloud computing distributes the file system that spreads over

multiple hard disks and machines.
 Data is never stored in one place, and in case one unit fails,
the other will take over automatically.
 The user disk space is allocated on the distributed file system,
while another important component is an algorithm for
resource allocation.
 Cloud computing is a strong distributed environment, and it
heavily depends upon strong algorithms.
Cloud Components
It has three components
1.) Client computers
2.) Datacenters
3.) Distributed Servers
 Clients
Clients are the devices that the end user
interact with cloud.

Datacenter
It is collection of servers where
application is placed and is accessed
via internet.
Distributed servers
Often servers are in geographically
different places, but server acts as
if they are working next to each
other.
 Central Server
 ItAdministers the system such as monitoring
traffic, client demands to ensure everything
runs smoothly.
 It
uses a special type of software called
Middleware.
Middleware allows computer to communicate
each other.
 Service Models
Cloud Services Stack I



Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS model allows to use software applications as a
service to end users.

SaaS allows users to connect to and use cloud-based

apps over the Internet.
Common examples are email, calendaring, and
office tools (such as Microsoft Office 365).
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS provides the runtime environment for
applications, development & deployment tools, etc.

PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support

the complete life cycle of building and delivering web
applications and services entirely from the Internet.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as
an on demand scalable service.
IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such
as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual
storage, etc.
It offers essential compute, storage, and networking
resources on demand, on a pay-as-you-go basis.

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 Deployment of Cloud
Service
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud(Combined Cloud)
PUBLIC CLOUD : The Public Cloud allows systems and services to be
easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secure
because of its openness, e.g., e-mail.

PRIVATE CLOUD : The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be

accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because of its
private nature.

COMMUNITY CLOUD : The Community Cloud allows systems and

services to be accessible by group of organizations.

HYBRID CLOUD : The Hybrid Cloud is mixture of public and private

cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud
while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud.
 Application
 Social Networking sites.
 E-mail sites.
 Search Engines.
 Many more services OVER THE INTERNET.
Cloud Printing
Cloud computing is new emerging concept as far as
printing of the documents is concerned online.
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 Virtualization Definition
 Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or
network resources".

 In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single

physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers and
organizations.

 It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and providing a

pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
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 Cont….
 Virtualization is a technique of how to separate a service from the underlying
physical delivery of that service.
 It is the process of creating a virtual version of something like computer
hardware.
 It involves using specialized software to create a virtual or software-created
version of a computing resource rather than the actual version of the same
resource.
 With the help of Virtualization, multiple operating systems and applications can
run on same machine and its same hardware at the same time, increasing the
utilization and flexibility of hardware.
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 Cont….
 Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is
known as Hardware Virtualization.
 The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host
Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine
 Host Machine :The machine on which virtual machine is going to create is
known as Host Machine.
 Guest Machine :The virtual machines which are created on Host Machine is
called Guest Machine.

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 Cont….
 The virtual machine contains all necessary elements to run the apps,
including:
 Computing
 Storage
 Memory
 Networking
 Hardware functionality available as a virtualized system
 The VM may also contain the necessary system libraries to run the
apps.
 The actual operating system (OS), however, is managed and executed
using the hypervisor.

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Types of Virtualization

 Hardware Virtualization.
 Operating system Virtualization.
 Server Virtualization.
 Storage Virtualization.
 Data virtualization.

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How does virtualization work in cloud computing?

 Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud

computing technology.
 Normally in the cloud computing, users share the data present in the
clouds like application etc, but actually with the help of virtualization
users shares the Infrastructure.

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CONTAINERS
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 What is a container?
 Containers are a form of operating system virtualization.
 A single container might be used to run anything from a small service or
software process to a larger application.
 Inside a container are all the necessary executables, binary code, libraries, and
configuration files.
 Containers are particularly useful in developing, deploying, and testing modern
distributed application and micro-services that can operate in isolated execution
environments on same host machines.

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 What is a container?
 Containers share all necessary capabilities with the VM to operate as an
isolated OS environment for a modular application functionality with
one key difference.
 A container engine is a managed environment for deploying
containerized applications.
 The container engine allocates cores and memory to containers,
enforces security, and provides scalability by enabling the addition
of containers.
 Using a containerization engine, such as the Docker Engine, containers
create several isolated OS environments within the same host system,
which can be shared with other containers dedicated to run different
functions of the app.
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 Virtualisation vs. Containers graph
 Virtualisation via hypervisor: • Container uses Operating System-provided separation of
 Slow (simulate hardware), “user space” (processes, RAM, file system):
 Requires a virtual disk as file system for – Fast,
every instance (even if the same OS is used – Shares OS installation: No need for virtual disks
in all instances)
containing duplicates of OS.

Application, libraries Application, libraries

Guest OS Guest OS Application, libraries Application, libraries

Virtual HW Virtual HW Container manager

Hypervisor Operating System

Host hardware (CPU, RAM, Disk) Host hardware (CPU, RAM, Disk)

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