A Project Report on

Title of Project
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of degree in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGG.

By
(NAME of Students-Roll no.)

Under the guidance of

Project Guide Project Coordinator

(Name & Designation) Dr. Amit Saxena
Associate Professor

Department OF ELECTRONICS &

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF
TEHCNOLOGY
RAM GANGA VIHAR, PHASE-2, MORADABAD- 244001 (U.P.)

Session:20**-20**
 DECLARATION

I/We, …………………………………………………….……., certify

that the work embodied in this Project Report is my/our own bonafide
work carried out by me/us under the supervision of (Name of Guide)
in session 20**-20** at Moradabad Institute of Technology,
Moradabad. The matter embodied in this report has not been
submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree/diploma. I/We
declare that I/we have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and
referred to the researchers work wherever their works have been cited
in the text and the body of the report. I/We further certify that I/we
have not willfully lifted up some other’s work, para, text, data, results,
etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports, dissertations,
theses, etc., or available at web-sites and have included them in this
report and cited as my/our own work.

Signature:
Name:
Roll no.:
Date:
Place:
 Moradabad Institute of Technology
Department of Electronics & Communication Engg.
MORADABAD-244001
Session 20**–20**
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
……………………………………………………….............................
……………………. Student(s) of B.Tech. Final year, Electronics and
Communication branch, Moradabad Institute of Technology,
Moradabad have successfully completed their project entitled “Title
of Project” under our guidance and supervision.
While gleaming the required information and styling the report they
were found pretty sincere and devoted. The report produced them is
completely authentic proof of their dedicated efforts. The assistance
and help taken during the course of the work has been duly
acknowledged and the source of literature amply recorded.

PROJECT GUIDE PROJECT INCHARGE

Dr./Mr./Ms. Dr. Amit Saxena

(Professor/Assistant Professor) (Associate Professor)
E&C Engg. Deptt. E&C Engg. Deptt.

Dr. Kshitij Shinghal

Head of Department
Electronics & Communication Engg. Department
Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad

DATE: SEAL:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With immense pleasure, we would like to express our deeper sense of

gratitude to Dr. Kshitij Shinghal (HOD–E&C Engg.) and Project
Incharge Dr. Amit Saxena (Associate Professor, E&C Deptt.)
Moradabad Institute of Technology, Moradabad for their strenuous
guidance and giving us an opportunity to carry out our project work in
the institute.
We particularly want to express our thanks and respect to our Project
Guide Dr./Mr./Ms.……………………….(Prof. / Assoc. Prof./
Assistant Prof. E&C Deptt.), M.I.T. Moradabad for inspiring us and
giving us all the valuable suggestion from time to time. His sincerity,
thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of
inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors
have seen light of the day.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the
contribution of all the Faculty Members & Staff of the department
for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of
our project.
We are also grateful to our friends for their cooperation and
encouragement throughout the presentation of this project. This
project which is one of the most significant part before the successful
completion of Engineering. Our most humble regards to our parents
for extending full cooperation. We are very grateful to the almighty
God who is source of energy within us.

Signature…………………….
Name …………………….
Roll no …………………….
Date …………………….
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATE iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
ABSTRACT viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Problem Statement @@@
1.3 Objective of the Present Work @@@
1.4 Need and Importance of Present @@@
Work
1.5 Design Methodology @@@
1.6 Organization of Report @@@
2 LITERATURE SURVEY @@@
2.1 Introduction @@@
2.2 ….
2.3 ….
2.4 ….
2.5 Summary of the Chapter @@@
3 IMPLEMENTATION & DESIGN @@@
 3.1 Introduction @@@
3.2 Flow Chart with explanation @@@
3.3 Block Diagram with explanation @@@
3.4 Design / Internal Architecture @@@
3.5 Working of the Circuit @@@
3.6 Simulation Platform @@@
3.7 Simulation Details @@@
3.8 Summary of the Chapter @@@
4 RESULTS & DISCUSSION @@@
4.1 Simulated Circuit @@@
4.2 Simulation Results @@@
4.3 Pics of working hardware in @@@
different modes
4.4 Comparative analysis with previous @@@
work
4.5 Summary of the Chapter @@@
5 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE @@@
5.1 Introduction @@@
5.2 Conclusion @@@
5.3 Future Work @@@
REFERENCES @@@
APPENDIX A (List of Papers Published / @@@
Communicated / Accepted / Presented)

APPENDIX B (Copies of @@@

Acknowledgment/Acceptance Letter in case the

Papers are Communicated/Accepted)

APPENDIX C (Copies of @@@

Manuscripts/Reprints of the Papers

Communicated/Accepted/ Published)
APPENDIX D (Certificates of Workshops / @@@
Competitions)

APPENDIX E (Certificates of Conferences) @@@

APPENDIX F(Newspapers articles) @@@
APPENDIX G (Weblinks of online paper @@@
published, video of working of the circuit on
Youtube, any other important weblinks related to the

project)

APPENDIX H (Source Code / Program of the @@@

controller etc)

APPENDIX I (Blue print of the circuit @@@

diagram)

APPENDIX J (Guides Profile in one page) @@@

APPENDIX K (Students Profile per page) @@@
 ABSTRACT
(Font type Times new Roman, Font Size 14)
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Details Page No.
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Details Page No.
LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATIONS USED
 PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION GUIDELINES

(Prescribed Format and Specification)

1. General: The project report must be submitted in an organized and

scholarly fashion as per the details defined below.

2. Number of Copies to be submitted: 2 copies are to be submitted, one

for the record in departmental library of EC and another one for project
guide.

3. Size of Report: The size of project should not be less than 60 Pages of
typed matter reckoned from the first page of Chapter 1 to the last page of the
Chapter 5.

4. Arrangement of Contents of Project: The sequence in which the

project component should be arranged and bound should be as follows:

a) Cover Page & Title Page

b) Declaration
c) Certificate
d) Acknowledgement
e) Table of Contents
f) Abstract
g) List of Figures [if exists ]
h) List of Tables [ if exists]
i) List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature[if exists ]
j) Chapters 1, 2, 3….. (Theoretical Details regarding the project)
k) References
l) Appendix A – List of Papers Published / Communicated /
Accepted / Presented
m) Appendix B - Copies of Acknowledgment/Acceptance Letter in
case the Papers are Communicated/Accepted
n) Appendix C - Copies of Manuscripts/Reprints of the Papers
Communicated/Accepted/ Published
o) Appendix D – Certificates of Workshops / Competitions
p) Appendix E – Certificates of Conferences
q) Appendix F – Newspapers articles
r) Appendix G – Weblinks of online paper published, video of
working of the circuit on Youtube, any other important weblinks
related to the project
s) Appendix H – Source Code / Program of the controller etc
t) Appendix I – Blue print of the circuit diagram
u) Appendix J – Guides Profile in one page
v) Appendix K – Students Profile per page

The Tables and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

5. Page Dimensions and Margin: The dimensions of the final bound 2
copies report should be 290mm x 205mm. Standard A4 size (297mm x
210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies.

The Project (at the time of submission) should have the following page
margins:

Top edge : 25mm

Bottom edge : 25mm
Left side : 38mm
Right side : 32mm

The project report should be prepared on good quality white paper.

Tables and figures should be prepared on good quality paper Tables and
figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size figures should
be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before
insertion. Graphs, E-R diagram, DFD and Flow chart all comes under
figures.

6. Manuscript Preparation: The headings of all items b to j listed in section

4 should be typed in capital letter without punctuation and centered 50mm
below the top of the page. The text should commence 4 spaces below this
heading. The page numbering for all items a to j should be done using lower
case Roman numerals and in continuation with the pages thereafter should be
numbered using Arabic numerals.

6.1 Cover Page & Title Page: A specimen copy of the Cover page &
Title page for Project is given on the very first page.

6.2 Bonafide Certificate: The Bonafide Certificate shall be in 1.25 line

spacing using Font Style Times New Roman Font Size 14. The
certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed
by the supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other
responsibilities of administrative nature), department and full address
of the institution where the supervisor has guided research scholar. The
term ‘Project Guide’ must be typed in capital letters between the
supervisor’s name and academic designation.

6.3 Abstract: Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding

four pages outlining the problem, the methodology used for its solution
and a summary of the findings, when typed double line spacing, font
Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

6.4 Acknowledgement: The Acknowledgement shall be brief and should

not exceed one page when typed in double spacing. The scholar’s
 signature shall be made at the bottom end above his/her name typed in
capitals.

6.5 Table of Contents: The table of contents should list all material
following it as well as material which precedes it. The title page,
Bonafide Certificate and Acknowledgement will not find a place
among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers
in lower case Roman letters are to be accounted for them. One and a
half spacing should be adopted for typing the manner under this
specimen copy of the Table of Contents for Project.

6.6 List of Table: The list should use exactly the same captions as they
appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.7 List of Figures: The list should use exactly the same captions as they
appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be
adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.8 List of Symbols, abbreviations and Nomenclature: One and a half

spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.
Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. should be used.

6.9 Chapters: The chapters may be broadly divided into 5 parts

(i) Introductory chapter (description of problem/advancement in any
contemporary technologies)
(ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the Project and includes
historical review /basic theory/operating principles.
(iii) Implementation design (operation/working), Flow charts, E-R
Diagram (At least one of them is required) whichever is applicable
for the related project
(iv) Results Discussion, Conclusion and References.

The main text may be divided into several chapters and each chapter
may be further divided into several divisions and sub- divisions as
The total number of
given in Table of Contents.
pages comprising chapter 1 to chapter 5
must not be in any way less than 60
pages.
 Each chapter should be given as appropriate title.
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
3. IMPLEMENTATION & DESIGN/WORKING
4. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
5. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
DATASHEETS OF RESISTOR, CAPACITOR, DIODES, AND
POWER SUPPLY SHOULD NOT BE INCLUDED.

SOURCE CODE / PROGRAMMING MUST BE IN THE

APPENDIX.
 Tables and figures in a chapter should be typed single space and placed
directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material
they annotate.

6.10 List of References Any work of other researchers, if used either

directly or indirectly, the origin of the material thus referred to at
appropriate places in the Project should be indicated. A paper, a
monograph or a book may be designed by the name of the first
author followed by the year of publication, placed inside brackets
at the appropriate places in the Project should be indicated. A
paper, a monograph or a book may be inside brackets at the
appropriate place of reference. The citation may assume any one of
the following forms. REFERENCES SHOULD NOT BE
LESS THAN 30 IN NUMBERS

Examples of citation

(i) An improved algorithm has been adopted in

literature(Tsychiya 1980)
(ii) Jankins and Walts (1968) have dealt at length this principle.
(iii) The problem of mechanical manipulators has been studied
by Shin et al (1984) and certain limitations of the method used, had
been pointed out by Shin et al (1984 a).

The listing should be typed 4 spaces below the heading

“REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left-
justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical
order of the author. The name of the authors/authors should be
immediately followed by the year and other details. A typical
illustrative list given relates to the citation examples quoted above.
Font Type- Times New Roman & Font Size – 12 with one line
spacing.

References (Minimum 30 in numbers)

Paper Reference
[1].Ariponnammal S. and Natarajan S. (1994) ‘ Transport Phenomena
of Sm Se 1-x Asx’, Pramana-Journal of Physics Vol. 42 No. 5pp.
421-425.
[2].Barnard R.W. and Kellogg C. (1980) ‘Applications of Convolution
operators to problems in univalent function theory’, Michigan
Mach. J., Vol 27, pp 81-94.
 [3].Jankins G.M. and Walts D.G. (1968), Spectral Analysis and its
Applications’, Holder Day, Sanfrancisco.
Book Reference:
[1].Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee (2009), CMOS
VLSI Design – A Circuit and Systems Perspective, Pearson
Education, 3rd edition.
[2].I J Nagrath, S N Saran, R Ranjan, S Kumar (2002), Signals and
Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 1st edition.

7. Typing Instructions

7.1 General This section includes additional information for final

typing of the Project. Some information given earlier under
‘Manuscript preparation shall also be referred’

Certain symbols characters or markings not found on a standard

typewriter may be hand written using Indian ink or a Stylus pen (in
case stencil sheets are used). Corrections, interlineations and
crossing out of letters or words will not be permitted in any of the
copies of the Project intended for submission. Erasures, if made,
should be neatly carried out in all copies.

A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full

lines below it or else it should be carried over to the next page.

The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.

One and a half spacing should be used for

typing the general text. The general text shall be typed
in font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

7.2 Paper: Use high-quality acid-free A4-size Executive Bond paper

of 80gsm, with only one side of the paper for starting pages & both
sides for chapter 1 to last page of the report.

7.3 Printing: A high-quality laser printer should be used for the final
copy.

7.4 Chapters The format for typing Chapter headings Divisions

headings and sub- division headings are explained through the
following illustrative examples.

Chapter headings : CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 20, Bold)
 Division heading : 1.1 OUTLINE OF PROJECT
(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 14, Bold, ALL CAPS)

Sub-division heading : 1.1.2 Literature review.

(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 14, Bold, Sentence case)

Table & Figure Captions: Figure 1.4: Caption

(Font Type – Times New Roman &
Size 12, Bold, Sentence case)

The word CHAPTER without

punctuation should be centered 50mm
down from the top of the page. Two
spaces below, the title of the chapter
should be typed centrally in capital
letters. The text should commence 2
spaces below this title, the first letter of
the text starting 20mm, inside from the
left hand margin.
1. The division and sub-division captions along with their
numberings should be left-justified. The typed material
directly below division or sub-division headings should
commence 2 spaces below it and should be offset 20mm
from the left hand margin. Within a division or sub-division
paragraphs are permitted. Even paragraph should
commence 2 spaces below the last line of the preceding
paragraph, the first letter in the paragraph being offset from
the left hand margin by 20mm.

8. NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS

8.1 Page Numbering All pages numbers (whether it is in Roman or

Arabic numbers) should be typed without punctuation on the upper
right hand corner 20mm from top with the last digit in line with the
right hand margin. The preliminary pages of the Project (such as
Title page, Acknowledgement, Table of Contents etc.) should be
numbered in lower case Roman numerals. The title page will be
 numbered as (i) but this should not be typed. The page immediately
following the title page shall be numbered (ii) and it should appear at
the top right hand corner as already specified. Pages of main text,
starting with Chapter 1 should be consecutively numbered using
Arabic numerals.

8.2 Numbering of Chapters, Division and Sub-divisions. The

numbering of Chapters, division and sub-divisions should be done
using Arabic numerals only and further decimal notation should be
used for numbering the divisions and sub-divisions within a chapter.
For examples sub-division 4 under division 3 belonging to chapter 2
should be numbered as 2.3.4. The caption for the sub-division should
immediately follow the number assigned to it.

8.3 Numbering of Tables and figures Tables and figures appearing

anywhere in the Project should, bear appropriate numbers. The rule
for assigning such numbers is illustrated through an example. Thus,
if a figure in Chapter 3, happens to be the fourth then assign 3.4 to
that figure. Identical rules apply for tables except that the word figure
is replaced by the word Table.

8.4 Numbering of Equations Equations appearing in each Chapter

should be numbered serially, the numbering commencing a fresh for
each Chapter. Thus for Example, an equation appearing in Chapter 2,
if it happens to be the eighth equation in that Chapter should be
numbered (2.8) thus:
2
Vc
fc = k
Vc + Vw +Va (2.8)

While referring to this equation in the body of the Project it should

be referred to as Equation (2.8).

9. Binding Specifications Project submitted for (2 copies) should be hard

bound of Black color only. The cover should be printed in block letters and the
text for printing should be identical to what has been prescribed for the title
page.

10. Attachment A CD containing the soft copy of the following must be

attached at the back inner cover of the project report
(CD must be signed by Project Guide)
- Project report (in PDF format)
- Exe file of project
- Source code of Project
- Manual giving details of initial requirement, loading,
executing etc. (Read me file)
- Papers published at various journals/ conferences (pdf)
 - Certificate of workshops/ conferences/ competitions etc
(PDF)
- Sponsorship letter (PDF)

Page Dimensions and Margin: The dimensions of the final bound 2 copies
report should be 290mm x 205mm. Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm)
paper may be used for preparing the copies.

The Project (at the time of submission) should have the following page
margins:

Top edge : 25mm

Bottom edge : 25mm
Left side : 38mm
Right side : 32mm